48Vマイルドハイブリッドと48Vフルハイブリッド車両 2020-2030年
48V Full Hybrid, 48V Mild Hybrid, 48V BEV Cars: Markets, Technology Roadmap 2021-2041
このレポートは48Vマイルドハイブリッドと48Vフルハイブリッド市場に注目し、車種や部品についての分析を掲載しています。
主な掲載内容
エグゼクティブサマリと結論
イント... もっと見る
サマリー
このレポートは48Vマイルドハイブリッドと48Vフルハイブリッド市場に注目し、車種や部品についての分析を掲載しています。
主な掲載内容
-
エグゼクティブサマリと結論
-
イントロダクション
-
48Vフルハイブリッド車両：位置づけ、技術、先導者
-
48Vマイルドハイブリッド車メーカー40社の分析と48Vハイブリッドに参加しない6社の理由
-
48Vマイルドハイブリッドトラックとバス
-
48Vハイブリッド向けの新しい部品
Report Overview
The new IDTechEx report, "48V Full Hybrid, 48V Mild Hybrid, 48V BEV Vehicles: Markets, Technology Roadmap 2021-2041" is a complete rewrite of the annual IDTechEx reports on this subject because the technology is now improving radically, powering rapid sales increase. Car companies have been caught out by Tesla. Many are waking up late to the severity of impending penalties for making too many polluting vehicles. They now race to the end game of battery electric but that takes eye-watering sums of money and delay so they buy time with adaptation of their existing internal combustion-only vehicles.
The quick upgrade is replacing the alternator with something cleverer and adding a second battery to create a "48V mild hybrid" meeting 2025 emissions laws and creating 15% fuel saving. IDTechEx scopes 40 companies doing that with a many existing models. 48V adds about $1200 to cost - not a lot more than the less-effective clean-up equipment that would otherwise have to be added to conventional cars to keep them legal but the story does not end there.
To the excitement of all involved, a pipeline of easy, incremental further improvements await and IDTechEx proposes more. Later, some "48V hybrids" may even replace high voltage hybrids by costing 10% less. Pop in an e-axle and a mild hybrid becomes that full hybrid with excellent 40+km silent, all-electric range, even engine-off active cruising, electrically maintaining speed. All in very easy incremental steps. Indeed, some of the new parts can be used in the rocketing 10 million-units-yearly market for small 48V BEVs where they now say "48V is the new 12V".
Emissions and fuel economy of 48V full hybrids will improve 20%. Evolved 48V hybrids will grab a huge 20% of the light vehicle market, peak at around $500 billion and be around longer than originally thought - 2035.
For example, they will work without the lead-acid battery, use a smaller, non-flammable 48V battery and, with the General Motors MODACS breakthrough, then replace the two batteries and the converter with a single cheaper, better device. IDTechEx has identified an opportunity for $10 billion yearly sales of solar wrap that can make 10% more electricity to multiply such delights as sophisticated driver assistance, heated seats and predictive suspension.
There is therefore an urgent need for a post COVID report on all this based on ongoing PhD level interviews worldwide in local languages, deep technical insights and presentations by the companies involved. The new IDTechEx report, "48V Full Hybrid, 48V Mild Hybrid, 48V BEV Vehicles: Markets, Technology Roadmap 2021-2041" is just that. Little wonder that it now runs to 300 densely packed pages.
This is analysis not evangelism. It explains why six manufacturers disagree, how sales will be dented by COVID, why the smallest cars often have better options and when BEVs kill all 48V hybrids. It shares higher forecasts from other analysts explaining why IDTechEx thinks they are wrong.
Replete with new infograms, the Executive Summary and Conclusions gives the essentials - basics, 46 primary conclusions, ten-year forecasts by number, unit value, market value, region, by 48V mild vs 48V full hybrid and by rotating machine position. Background forecasts show COVID effect on the car market. See a 20 year 48V technology roadmap. Understand relevance of components to 48V BEVs. The Introduction give the emissions background, powertrain choices and data. It explains the move to 48V, presenting the IDTechEx survey on architecture attitudes and timescales, windows of opportunity, advantages, disadvantages, SOFT report.
Chapter 3 covers the imminent 48V full hybrid cars: positioning, technology, early adopters. Chapter 4 is the longest chapter in the report because it analyses 40 manufacturers of 48V mild hybrid cars and six saying no. That takes 98 pages because it includes many ghost diagrams, analyses, interviews, predictions and even presentations from the companies involved. Chapter 5 appraises the opportunity in buses and trucks, Chapter 6 analyses new 48V components such as GM MODACS, solar wrap, next rotating machines and batteries, supercapacitors. No other report comes close.
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目次
Table of Contents
|
1. |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
|
1.1. |
Purpose and methodology of this report |
|
1.2. |
Primary conclusions: Markets |
|
1.3. |
48V hybrid market drivers |
|
1.4. |
Regional trends |
|
1.4.1. |
43 examples of 48V hybrid brands and regions targeted |
|
1.4.2. |
Car manufacturer 48V hybrid thrust and demand by region |
|
1.4.3. |
Unit sales of 48V hybrid cars % by region 2019-2041 after effect of COVID |
|
1.5. |
Primary conclusions: Technology |
|
1.5.1. |
48V technology roadmap 2021-2041 |
|
1.5.2. |
Huge scope for simplification and integration |
|
1.5.3. |
Design and impact |
|
1.5.4. |
Mild vs full hybrid |
|
1.5.5. |
Engine |
|
1.5.6. |
Energy storage |
|
1.5.7. |
DC-DC inverter |
|
1.5.8. |
Start-motor-generator and motor-generator positioning |
|
1.5.9. |
Electrification possible with 48V mild hybrid powertrains: examples |
|
1.5.10. |
48V powertrains in context of others |
|
1.5.11. |
Rising ambitions: Comparison of powertrain benefits |
|
1.5.12. |
Can 48V full hybrids beat HV full hybrids? |
|
1.5.13. |
48V hybrid car components useful for 48V pure electric vehicles? |
|
1.6. |
Primary conclusions: Manufacturers |
|
1.7. |
Primary conclusions: Tier one suppliers |
|
1.8. |
Forecasts |
|
1.8.1. |
Unit sales of 48V hybrid cars mild vs full hybrid 2019-2041 global number million after effect of COVID |
|
1.8.2. |
Unit price of 48V cars (US$) 2019-2041 after effect of COVID |
|
1.8.3. |
Market value of 48V cars (US$ billion) 2019-2041 after effect of COVID |
|
1.8.4. |
48V hybrids 2019-2041 global market number share % by rotating electric machine REM position |
|
1.8.5. |
Pre-COVID forecasts to compare |
|
1.8.6. |
Background: IDTechEx car market analysis post COVID |
|
1.8.7. |
Battery electric vehicles that are often 48V (number thousand) 2019-2030 |
|
1.8.8. |
Battery electric vehicles that are often 48V (market value $ billion) 2019-2030 |
|
1.8.9. |
Market forecast for cars worldwide (number thousand) - 2015-2041 |
|
1.8.10. |
48V hybrid influence on supercapacitor market by application $ billion 2021-2041 |
|
1.8.11. |
Upside forecast of global supercapacitor market by application $ billion 2025-2041 |
|
2. |
INTRODUCTION |
|
2.1. |
Electric vehicle markets and options: the big picture |
|
2.2. |
The move to 48V |
|
2.3. |
48V alone - abandoning dual 12V + 48V car systems |
|
2.4. |
Windows of opportunity for launch of 48V MH car variants |
|
2.5. |
Powertrain competition 2021-2041 |
|
2.6. |
Powertrain competition for 48V hybrids |
|
2.7. |
Many ongoing incremental improvements at modest cost |
|
2.8. |
48V mild hybrid cars |
|
2.8.1. |
Basic architecture |
|
2.8.2. |
P0 position for 48V mild hybrid |
|
2.8.3. |
48V mild hybrid evolution, benefits and disadvantages |
|
2.8.4. |
Hybrid options by functionality: AVL view of 48V MH in context |
|
2.8.5. |
Option of replacing mechanical and hydraulic devices |
|
2.8.6. |
Second generation hybrid powertrain by Delphi |
|
2.8.7. |
Overstated mild hybrid benefits against HV HEV |
|
2.9. |
Surprisingly future proof: 48V hybrid improvement continues through 2030 |
|
2.9.1. |
48V hybrid technology improvements ahead - Functions vs architectures |
|
2.9.2. |
Launch dates of 48V MH and 48V FH vehicles |
|
2.10. |
Why cars are the main focus of 48V MH |
|
2.11. |
SOFT report for 48V hybrids |
|
3. |
48V FULL HYBRID CARS: POSITIONING, TECHNOLOGY, EARLY ADOPTERS |
|
3.1. |
48V full hybrid features, advantages disadvantages |
|
3.2. |
Impacting but not quickly eliminating 48VMH and HV HEV |
|
3.3. |
Design of a 48V full hybrid vehicle |
|
3.3.1. |
Market positioning and technology choices |
|
3.3.2. |
Preferred 48V FH device locations |
|
3.3.3. |
48V full hybrid with maximum benefits |
|
3.4. |
Manufacturers launching first 48V full hybrid cars |
|
3.4.1. |
ChangAn Motors China |
|
3.4.2. |
FAW China 48V full hybrid |
|
3.4.3. |
Skoda: 48V full hybrid as mild hybrid upgrade |
|
3.4.4. |
Volkswagen |
|
3.5. |
Examples of 48V MH and FH parts, systems developers |
|
3.5.1. |
Borg Warner USA |
|
3.5.2. |
Continental (Vitesco) Germany |
|
3.5.3. |
Ricardo UK |
|
3.5.4. |
Mahle Germany |
|
3.5.5. |
Valeo France |
|
3.6. |
48V Plug-in PHEV? |
|
4. |
40 MANUFACTURERS OF 48V MILD HYBRID CARS ANALYSED AND SIX SAYING NO: 92 PAGES |
|
4.1. |
Introduction |
|
4.2. |
Alfa Romeo Italy |
|
4.3. |
Aston Martin Lagonda UK |
|
4.4. |
Audi Germany |
|
4.5. |
Bentley (VW Group) UK |
|
4.6. |
BMW Germany |
|
4.7. |
Buick (GM) USA |
|
4.8. |
Cadillac (GM) USA |
|
4.9. |
Chery China |
|
4.10. |
Chevrolet (GM) China |
|
4.11. |
FCA (Stellantis) USA/ Italy |
|
4.12. |
Fiat (Stellantis) Italy |
|
4.13. |
Ford USA, Europe |
|
4.14. |
Geely China (Volvo, Proton, Lotus, LEVC taxis, Lotus etc) |
|
4.15. |
General Motors USA |
|
4.16. |
Hyundai Kia Automotive Group Korea |
|
4.17. |
Jaguar Land Rover (Tata Motors) UK |
|
4.18. |
Jeep (Stellantis) USA |
|
4.19. |
Kia Motors Korea |
|
4.20. |
Lamborghini (VW Group) Italy |
|
4.21. |
Mahindra & Mahindra India |
|
4.22. |
Maruti Suzuki India |
|
4.23. |
Mazda Japan |
|
4.24. |
Mercedes-Benz Germany |
|
4.25. |
MG Morris Garages India |
|
4.26. |
Maserati (Stellantis) Italy |
|
4.27. |
Opel Germany |
|
4.28. |
Porsche Germany |
|
4.29. |
PSA (Stellantis) France |
|
4.30. |
RAM (Stellantis) USA |
|
4.31. |
Renault France |
|
4.32. |
Rolls Royce Motors (BMW) UK |
|
4.33. |
SAIC-GM China |
|
4.34. |
SEAT (VW Group) Spain |
|
4.35. |
Skoda (VW Group) Czech Republic |
|
4.36. |
Subaru Japan |
|
4.37. |
Suzuki Japan |
|
4.38. |
SsangYong (Mahindra and Mahindra) Korea |
|
4.39. |
Tata Motors India |
|
4.40. |
Volkswagen Germany |
|
4.41. |
Volvo Motors (Geely) Sweden |
|
4.42. |
Six manufacturers with no 48V hybrid priority: reasons |
|
5. |
48V MH TRUCKS AND BUSES |
|
5.1. |
Truck and bus manufacturers involved |
|
5.1.1. |
Daimler Germany |
|
5.1.2. |
General Motors USA |
|
5.1.3. |
Renault France |
|
5.1.4. |
Volvo Group Sweden |
|
5.2. |
Programs |
|
5.2.1. |
Class 8 trucks |
|
5.2.2. |
US DOE Supertruck program |
|
5.3. |
Tier One suppliers involved |
|
5.3.1. |
AVID first 48V hybrid truck |
|
5.3.2. |
Eaton 48V full hybrid truck systems |
|
6. |
NEW COMPONENTS FOR 48V HYBRIDS |
|
6.1. |
Rotating electric machines REM: e-machines |
|
6.1.1. |
Technology choices |
|
6.1.2. |
Great improvements : example Mercedes |
|
6.2. |
Evolution to multifunctional rotating machines |
|
6.3. |
Borg Warner, Bosch, Federal Mogul, Valeo and other views |
|
6.4. |
Energy storage and DC-DC converters for 48V hybrids |
|
6.4.1. |
Overview |
|
6.4.2. |
Li-ion battery improvement for hybrid cars: COSMX |
|
6.4.3. |
Better batteries and supercapacitors coming: W/kg vs Wh/kg |
|
6.4.4. |
Supercapacitors |
|
6.4.5. |
Hybrid Energy Storage Systems HESS |
|
6.4.6. |
48V supercapacitor on battery example: Geely and Maxwell Tesla |
|
6.4.7. |
Capacitor Assisted Battery CAB for 48V hybrids |
|
6.4.8. |
GM COSMX breakthrough MODACS |
|
6.4.9. |
Photovoltaic bodywork will be very important for 48V: Toyota, Hyundai etc |
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Summary
このレポートは48Vマイルドハイブリッドと48Vフルハイブリッド市場に注目し、車種や部品についての分析を掲載しています。
主な掲載内容
-
エグゼクティブサマリと結論
-
イントロダクション
-
48Vフルハイブリッド車両：位置づけ、技術、先導者
-
48Vマイルドハイブリッド車メーカー40社の分析と48Vハイブリッドに参加しない6社の理由
-
48Vマイルドハイブリッドトラックとバス
-
48Vハイブリッド向けの新しい部品
Report Overview
The new IDTechEx report, "48V Full Hybrid, 48V Mild Hybrid, 48V BEV Vehicles: Markets, Technology Roadmap 2021-2041" is a complete rewrite of the annual IDTechEx reports on this subject because the technology is now improving radically, powering rapid sales increase. Car companies have been caught out by Tesla. Many are waking up late to the severity of impending penalties for making too many polluting vehicles. They now race to the end game of battery electric but that takes eye-watering sums of money and delay so they buy time with adaptation of their existing internal combustion-only vehicles.
The quick upgrade is replacing the alternator with something cleverer and adding a second battery to create a "48V mild hybrid" meeting 2025 emissions laws and creating 15% fuel saving. IDTechEx scopes 40 companies doing that with a many existing models. 48V adds about $1200 to cost - not a lot more than the less-effective clean-up equipment that would otherwise have to be added to conventional cars to keep them legal but the story does not end there.
To the excitement of all involved, a pipeline of easy, incremental further improvements await and IDTechEx proposes more. Later, some "48V hybrids" may even replace high voltage hybrids by costing 10% less. Pop in an e-axle and a mild hybrid becomes that full hybrid with excellent 40+km silent, all-electric range, even engine-off active cruising, electrically maintaining speed. All in very easy incremental steps. Indeed, some of the new parts can be used in the rocketing 10 million-units-yearly market for small 48V BEVs where they now say "48V is the new 12V".
Emissions and fuel economy of 48V full hybrids will improve 20%. Evolved 48V hybrids will grab a huge 20% of the light vehicle market, peak at around $500 billion and be around longer than originally thought - 2035.
For example, they will work without the lead-acid battery, use a smaller, non-flammable 48V battery and, with the General Motors MODACS breakthrough, then replace the two batteries and the converter with a single cheaper, better device. IDTechEx has identified an opportunity for $10 billion yearly sales of solar wrap that can make 10% more electricity to multiply such delights as sophisticated driver assistance, heated seats and predictive suspension.
There is therefore an urgent need for a post COVID report on all this based on ongoing PhD level interviews worldwide in local languages, deep technical insights and presentations by the companies involved. The new IDTechEx report, "48V Full Hybrid, 48V Mild Hybrid, 48V BEV Vehicles: Markets, Technology Roadmap 2021-2041" is just that. Little wonder that it now runs to 300 densely packed pages.
This is analysis not evangelism. It explains why six manufacturers disagree, how sales will be dented by COVID, why the smallest cars often have better options and when BEVs kill all 48V hybrids. It shares higher forecasts from other analysts explaining why IDTechEx thinks they are wrong.
Replete with new infograms, the Executive Summary and Conclusions gives the essentials - basics, 46 primary conclusions, ten-year forecasts by number, unit value, market value, region, by 48V mild vs 48V full hybrid and by rotating machine position. Background forecasts show COVID effect on the car market. See a 20 year 48V technology roadmap. Understand relevance of components to 48V BEVs. The Introduction give the emissions background, powertrain choices and data. It explains the move to 48V, presenting the IDTechEx survey on architecture attitudes and timescales, windows of opportunity, advantages, disadvantages, SOFT report.
Chapter 3 covers the imminent 48V full hybrid cars: positioning, technology, early adopters. Chapter 4 is the longest chapter in the report because it analyses 40 manufacturers of 48V mild hybrid cars and six saying no. That takes 98 pages because it includes many ghost diagrams, analyses, interviews, predictions and even presentations from the companies involved. Chapter 5 appraises the opportunity in buses and trucks, Chapter 6 analyses new 48V components such as GM MODACS, solar wrap, next rotating machines and batteries, supercapacitors. No other report comes close.
ページTOPに戻る
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
|
1. |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
|
1.1. |
Purpose and methodology of this report |
|
1.2. |
Primary conclusions: Markets |
|
1.3. |
48V hybrid market drivers |
|
1.4. |
Regional trends |
|
1.4.1. |
43 examples of 48V hybrid brands and regions targeted |
|
1.4.2. |
Car manufacturer 48V hybrid thrust and demand by region |
|
1.4.3. |
Unit sales of 48V hybrid cars % by region 2019-2041 after effect of COVID |
|
1.5. |
Primary conclusions: Technology |
|
1.5.1. |
48V technology roadmap 2021-2041 |
|
1.5.2. |
Huge scope for simplification and integration |
|
1.5.3. |
Design and impact |
|
1.5.4. |
Mild vs full hybrid |
|
1.5.5. |
Engine |
|
1.5.6. |
Energy storage |
|
1.5.7. |
DC-DC inverter |
|
1.5.8. |
Start-motor-generator and motor-generator positioning |
|
1.5.9. |
Electrification possible with 48V mild hybrid powertrains: examples |
|
1.5.10. |
48V powertrains in context of others |
|
1.5.11. |
Rising ambitions: Comparison of powertrain benefits |
|
1.5.12. |
Can 48V full hybrids beat HV full hybrids? |
|
1.5.13. |
48V hybrid car components useful for 48V pure electric vehicles? |
|
1.6. |
Primary conclusions: Manufacturers |
|
1.7. |
Primary conclusions: Tier one suppliers |
|
1.8. |
Forecasts |
|
1.8.1. |
Unit sales of 48V hybrid cars mild vs full hybrid 2019-2041 global number million after effect of COVID |
|
1.8.2. |
Unit price of 48V cars (US$) 2019-2041 after effect of COVID |
|
1.8.3. |
Market value of 48V cars (US$ billion) 2019-2041 after effect of COVID |
|
1.8.4. |
48V hybrids 2019-2041 global market number share % by rotating electric machine REM position |
|
1.8.5. |
Pre-COVID forecasts to compare |
|
1.8.6. |
Background: IDTechEx car market analysis post COVID |
|
1.8.7. |
Battery electric vehicles that are often 48V (number thousand) 2019-2030 |
|
1.8.8. |
Battery electric vehicles that are often 48V (market value $ billion) 2019-2030 |
|
1.8.9. |
Market forecast for cars worldwide (number thousand) - 2015-2041 |
|
1.8.10. |
48V hybrid influence on supercapacitor market by application $ billion 2021-2041 |
|
1.8.11. |
Upside forecast of global supercapacitor market by application $ billion 2025-2041 |
|
2. |
INTRODUCTION |
|
2.1. |
Electric vehicle markets and options: the big picture |
|
2.2. |
The move to 48V |
|
2.3. |
48V alone - abandoning dual 12V + 48V car systems |
|
2.4. |
Windows of opportunity for launch of 48V MH car variants |
|
2.5. |
Powertrain competition 2021-2041 |
|
2.6. |
Powertrain competition for 48V hybrids |
|
2.7. |
Many ongoing incremental improvements at modest cost |
|
2.8. |
48V mild hybrid cars |
|
2.8.1. |
Basic architecture |
|
2.8.2. |
P0 position for 48V mild hybrid |
|
2.8.3. |
48V mild hybrid evolution, benefits and disadvantages |
|
2.8.4. |
Hybrid options by functionality: AVL view of 48V MH in context |
|
2.8.5. |
Option of replacing mechanical and hydraulic devices |
|
2.8.6. |
Second generation hybrid powertrain by Delphi |
|
2.8.7. |
Overstated mild hybrid benefits against HV HEV |
|
2.9. |
Surprisingly future proof: 48V hybrid improvement continues through 2030 |
|
2.9.1. |
48V hybrid technology improvements ahead - Functions vs architectures |
|
2.9.2. |
Launch dates of 48V MH and 48V FH vehicles |
|
2.10. |
Why cars are the main focus of 48V MH |
|
2.11. |
SOFT report for 48V hybrids |
|
3. |
48V FULL HYBRID CARS: POSITIONING, TECHNOLOGY, EARLY ADOPTERS |
|
3.1. |
48V full hybrid features, advantages disadvantages |
|
3.2. |
Impacting but not quickly eliminating 48VMH and HV HEV |
|
3.3. |
Design of a 48V full hybrid vehicle |
|
3.3.1. |
Market positioning and technology choices |
|
3.3.2. |
Preferred 48V FH device locations |
|
3.3.3. |
48V full hybrid with maximum benefits |
|
3.4. |
Manufacturers launching first 48V full hybrid cars |
|
3.4.1. |
ChangAn Motors China |
|
3.4.2. |
FAW China 48V full hybrid |
|
3.4.3. |
Skoda: 48V full hybrid as mild hybrid upgrade |
|
3.4.4. |
Volkswagen |
|
3.5. |
Examples of 48V MH and FH parts, systems developers |
|
3.5.1. |
Borg Warner USA |
|
3.5.2. |
Continental (Vitesco) Germany |
|
3.5.3. |
Ricardo UK |
|
3.5.4. |
Mahle Germany |
|
3.5.5. |
Valeo France |
|
3.6. |
48V Plug-in PHEV? |
|
4. |
40 MANUFACTURERS OF 48V MILD HYBRID CARS ANALYSED AND SIX SAYING NO: 92 PAGES |
|
4.1. |
Introduction |
|
4.2. |
Alfa Romeo Italy |
|
4.3. |
Aston Martin Lagonda UK |
|
4.4. |
Audi Germany |
|
4.5. |
Bentley (VW Group) UK |
|
4.6. |
BMW Germany |
|
4.7. |
Buick (GM) USA |
|
4.8. |
Cadillac (GM) USA |
|
4.9. |
Chery China |
|
4.10. |
Chevrolet (GM) China |
|
4.11. |
FCA (Stellantis) USA/ Italy |
|
4.12. |
Fiat (Stellantis) Italy |
|
4.13. |
Ford USA, Europe |
|
4.14. |
Geely China (Volvo, Proton, Lotus, LEVC taxis, Lotus etc) |
|
4.15. |
General Motors USA |
|
4.16. |
Hyundai Kia Automotive Group Korea |
|
4.17. |
Jaguar Land Rover (Tata Motors) UK |
|
4.18. |
Jeep (Stellantis) USA |
|
4.19. |
Kia Motors Korea |
|
4.20. |
Lamborghini (VW Group) Italy |
|
4.21. |
Mahindra & Mahindra India |
|
4.22. |
Maruti Suzuki India |
|
4.23. |
Mazda Japan |
|
4.24. |
Mercedes-Benz Germany |
|
4.25. |
MG Morris Garages India |
|
4.26. |
Maserati (Stellantis) Italy |
|
4.27. |
Opel Germany |
|
4.28. |
Porsche Germany |
|
4.29. |
PSA (Stellantis) France |
|
4.30. |
RAM (Stellantis) USA |
|
4.31. |
Renault France |
|
4.32. |
Rolls Royce Motors (BMW) UK |
|
4.33. |
SAIC-GM China |
|
4.34. |
SEAT (VW Group) Spain |
|
4.35. |
Skoda (VW Group) Czech Republic |
|
4.36. |
Subaru Japan |
|
4.37. |
Suzuki Japan |
|
4.38. |
SsangYong (Mahindra and Mahindra) Korea |
|
4.39. |
Tata Motors India |
|
4.40. |
Volkswagen Germany |
|
4.41. |
Volvo Motors (Geely) Sweden |
|
4.42. |
Six manufacturers with no 48V hybrid priority: reasons |
|
5. |
48V MH TRUCKS AND BUSES |
|
5.1. |
Truck and bus manufacturers involved |
|
5.1.1. |
Daimler Germany |
|
5.1.2. |
General Motors USA |
|
5.1.3. |
Renault France |
|
5.1.4. |
Volvo Group Sweden |
|
5.2. |
Programs |
|
5.2.1. |
Class 8 trucks |
|
5.2.2. |
US DOE Supertruck program |
|
5.3. |
Tier One suppliers involved |
|
5.3.1. |
AVID first 48V hybrid truck |
|
5.3.2. |
Eaton 48V full hybrid truck systems |
|
6. |
NEW COMPONENTS FOR 48V HYBRIDS |
|
6.1. |
Rotating electric machines REM: e-machines |
|
6.1.1. |
Technology choices |
|
6.1.2. |
Great improvements : example Mercedes |
|
6.2. |
Evolution to multifunctional rotating machines |
|
6.3. |
Borg Warner, Bosch, Federal Mogul, Valeo and other views |
|
6.4. |
Energy storage and DC-DC converters for 48V hybrids |
|
6.4.1. |
Overview |
|
6.4.2. |
Li-ion battery improvement for hybrid cars: COSMX |
|
6.4.3. |
Better batteries and supercapacitors coming: W/kg vs Wh/kg |
|
6.4.4. |
Supercapacitors |
|
6.4.5. |
Hybrid Energy Storage Systems HESS |
|
6.4.6. |
48V supercapacitor on battery example: Geely and Maxwell Tesla |
|
6.4.7. |
Capacitor Assisted Battery CAB for 48V hybrids |
|
6.4.8. |
GM COSMX breakthrough MODACS |
|
6.4.9. |
Photovoltaic bodywork will be very important for 48V: Toyota, Hyundai etc |
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