電気バス市場:推進力(BEV、FCEV)、バッテリー(NMC、LFP、NCA、その他)、長さ(?<9m, 9-14m, >14m)、座席数、航続距離、バッテリー容量、出力、自律走行レベル、アプリケーション、コンポーネント、消費者、地域 - 2030年までの世界予測Electric Bus Market by Propulsion (BEV, FCEV), Battery (NMC, LFP, NCA, Other), Length (<9m, 9-14m, >14m), Seating Capacity, Range, Battery Capacity, Power Output, Level of Autonomy, Application, Component, Consumer and Region - Global Forecast to 2030 電気バス市場は、今後の排ガス規制における排ガス規制値の低下と、持続可能なモビリティに対する需要の高まりが大きな要因となっています。しかし、この市場は初期成長段階にあるため、この業界が直面する主な阻... もっと見る
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サマリー電気バス市場は、今後の排ガス規制における排ガス規制値の低下と、持続可能なモビリティに対する需要の高まりが大きな要因となっています。しかし、この市場は初期成長段階にあるため、この業界が直面する主な阻害要因は、電池のコストが高いため、従来のディーゼルバスよりも電気バスのコストが高くなることです。また、この市場の最大の課題は、安全性への懸念と、電池に関連する航続距離の短さです。"400kWh以上が電気バスのバッテリー容量として最も急速に成長すると推定される。"電気バスは通常、都市間または長距離の通勤用に400kWh以上のバッテリー容量範囲を提供する。電池技術の発展と電池の価格低下は、400kWhを超える電池の成長にプラスの影響を与えています。多くの大手OEMは、製品提供の中で、400 kWhを超えるバッテリー容量を持つ電気バスを導入しています。例えば、2021年、ABボルボ(ドイツ)は、バッテリー容量470kWhの電気バス「BZL Electric」を発売しました。400kWh以上のバッテリー容量セグメントは、予測期間中に最も急速に成長するバッテリーセグメントになると予測されます。アジア太平洋地域は、電気バス市場の400 kWhを超えるセグメントをリードしています。これは主に、この地域がバッテリー技術の研究開発に力を入れているためです。また、バッテリー価格の低下とバッテリー組成の革新が進んでいることが、予測期間中にこの地域の市場成長を促進すると予想されます。長距離通勤に電気バスを利用するケースが徐々に増えており、電気バスメーカーは、1回の充電で走行できる距離が長い電気バスの必要性を認識しているため、走行距離200マイル以上の電気バスが急成長する市場となる。そのため、200マイル以上の電気バスは、予測期間中に最も成長する市場になると予想されます。その主な理由は、大手メーカーやOEMによるバッテリー技術の研究開発の活発化です。メーカー各社は、より高い航続距離を実現するバッテリーの開発に積極的である。例えば、Proterra社(米国)の第5世代バッテリー電気トランジットバスは、新しい合理的な車両設計が特徴で、車両に蓄積されたエネルギーを最大限に活用し、パワーと航続距離を最大329マイルまで向上させています。Proterra ZX5+モデルは、440kWhのバッテリーを搭載し、1回の充電で最大240マイルの走行が可能です。予測期間中、北米が200マイル以上のセグメントを支配すると予想されます。これは主に、この地域の充電インフラが比較的発達しており、長距離の通勤に電気バスを容易に取り入れることができるためです。北米の多くの都市や交通機関は、電気バスの導入を支援するため、主要な交通通路に大容量の充電ステーションを設置しています。例えば、トロント交通局は、交通量の多い通路沿いに10基の急速充電ステーションを設置しています。さらに、北米の多くのOEMが航続距離200マイル以上の製品を提供しており、航続距離200マイル以上の電気バスの成長をさらに後押ししています。北米は、最も急速に成長する第2位の電気バス市場になると予想されます。北米は、主要な電気バスメーカーの本拠地であり、電気バスの革新、最先端の研究開発、技術的進歩で有名です。インセンティブや税制優遇を通じた政府の支援、個人投資家の存在、技術的な優位性が、北米の電気バス市場を牽引しています。堅牢なインフラ、電力網の改善、政府の支援、採用の増加により、OEMはさまざまな仕様の電気バスやコーチを開発することができるようになりました。例えば、2021年9月、BYD(中国)は、カリフォルニア州ランカスターにある同社のUS Coach & Bus工場で、フロリダ州のタンパ国際空港向けのバッテリー電気バスを製造すると発表した。北米には、Proterra、NFI Group、Blue Bird Corporationなど、先進技術を取り入れた革新的な電気バスを提供するOEMが多数存在します。ゼロエミッションの公共交通機関に対する需要の高まりは、北米の電気バス市場をさらに活性化させるでしょう。この地域では、電気バスの導入を促進するために多くの政策が立案されている。トロントは、2050年までに保有車両の50%を電気バスに転換すると発表しています。米国は、北米最大の電気バス市場であり、最も急速に成長している市場です。同国は、電力網、充電インフラが整備され、経済も好調です。2021年9月、テキサス州オースティンのキャピタルメトロは、40フィートのProterra ZX5 Max電気輸送バス26台を購入する計画を承認した。政府の義務付けと新技術の採用意欲が、米国の電気バス市場の活性化につながるだろう。カナダにも、電気バスや電気バスを採用する民間フリートが増えるような、政府による制度や資金援助がある。このような政府のスキームが北米の電気バス市場を牽引しています。プライマリーの内訳この調査には、コンポーネントサプライヤーからTier1企業、OEMまで、さまざまな業界専門家の洞察が含まれています。プライマリーの内訳は以下の通りです: 企業タイプ別:OEM - 80%、Tier I/Tier IIプレーヤー - 10% By Designation:C level - 70%, Others- 30% By Region:アジア太平洋地域-70%、ヨーロッパ-20%、北米-10%電気バス市場の主要企業は、BYD(中国)、Yutong(中国)、Proterra(米国)、CAF(Solaris)(スペイン)、VDL Groep(オランダ)、AB Volvo(スウェーデン)。市場における地位を維持するために主要企業が採用した主要戦略は、事業拡大、契約・協定、パートナーシップです。調査対象電気バス市場:推進力(BEV、FCEV)、バッテリー(NMC、LFP、NCA、その他)、長さ(<9m, 9-14m, >14m)、座席数、航続距離、バッテリー容量、出力、自律性のレベル、アプリケーション、コンポーネント、消費者、地域 - 2030年までの世界予測このレポートを購入する理由:本レポートは、電気バス市場全体とサブセグメントの収益数値の最も近い近似値に関する情報を提供することで、本市場の市場リーダー/新規参入者に貢献します。本レポートは、利害関係者が競争環境を理解し、より多くの洞察を得ることで、自社のビジネスをより良く位置づけ、適切な市場参入戦略を計画するのに役立つことでしょう。また、本レポートは、関係者が市場の鼓動を理解するのに役立ち、主要な市場促進要因、阻害要因、課題、および機会に関する情報を提供します。本レポートは、以下のポイントに関する洞察を提供します:- 電気バス市場の成長に影響を与える主要なドライバー(持続可能な大量輸送ソリューションへのニーズの高まりとGHG排出量削減の必要性)、抑制要因(EVバッテリーの安全性転換と高い開発コスト)、機会(水素燃料電池電気モビリティへの移行、サービスとしての電気バス)、課題(充電インフラ開発の高コスト)の分析 - 製品開発/イノベーション:製品開発/イノベーション:電気バス市場における今後の技術、研究開発活動、新製品/サービス発表に関する詳細な洞察 - 市場開発:市場開拓:有利な市場に関する包括的な情報 - 本レポートでは、さまざまな地域の電気バス市場を分析しています - 市場の多様化:市場の多様化:電気バス市場における新製品・サービス、未開拓の地域、最近の開発、投資に関する徹底的な情報 - 競争力評価:電気バス市場におけるBYD(Build Your Dreams)(中国)、Proterra(米国)、CRRC Electric(中国)、Yutong(中国)、AB Volvo(スウェーデン)などの主要プレイヤーの市場シェア、成長戦略、サービス内容を詳細に評価します。目次1 INTRODUCTION 391.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 39 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 39 1.3 STUDY SCOPE 40 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 40 FIGURE 1 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET SEGMENTATION 40 1.3.2 REGIONS COVERED 41 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 41 1.4 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 42 TABLE 1 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 42 1.5 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 43 1.6 UNITS CONSIDERED 43 1.7 STAKEHOLDERS 43 1.8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 44 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 45 2.1 RESEARCH DATA 45 FIGURE 2 RESEARCH DESIGN 45 FIGURE 3 RESEARCH DESIGN MODEL 46 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 46 2.1.1.1 Key secondary sources 46 2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 48 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 48 FIGURE 4 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS 49 2.1.2.1 Sampling techniques and data collection methods 49 2.1.2.2 Primary participants 50 2.2 MARKET ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY 50 FIGURE 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: HYPOTHESIS BUILDING 51 2.3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 52 2.3.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 52 FIGURE 6 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 52 FIGURE 7 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH METHODOLOGY 52 2.3.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 53 FIGURE 8 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 53 FIGURE 9 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION NOTES 53 2.4 DATA TRIANGULATION 54 FIGURE 10 DATA TRIANGULATION 54 2.5 FACTOR ANALYSIS 55 FIGURE 11 MARKET GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES 55 FIGURE 12 KEY FACTORS IMPACTING MARKET 55 2.6 RECESSION IMPACT ANALYSIS 56 2.7 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 56 2.8 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 57 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 59 FIGURE 13 REPORT SUMMARY 59 3.1 KEY FACTORS DRIVING MARKET 60 FIGURE 14 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET – KEY DRIVING FACTORS 60 FIGURE 15 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 62 4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 64 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN ELECTRIC BUS MARKET 64 FIGURE 16 INCREASING DEMAND FOR FUEL-EFFICIENT AND EMISSION-FREE VEHICLES TO DRIVE MARKET 64 4.2 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER 64 FIGURE 17 GOVERNMENT TO SURPASS PRIVATE SEGMENT IN 2030 64 4.3 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION 65 FIGURE 18 BEVS TO DOMINATE ELECTRIC BUS MARKET IN 2030 65 4.4 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE 65 FIGURE 19 UP TO 200 MILES SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2030 65 4.5 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS 66 FIGURE 20 9–14 M TO EXCEED OTHER SEGMENTS FROM 2023 TO 2030 66 4.6 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION 66 FIGURE 21 INTRACITY TO SECURE MAXIMUM SHARES DURING FORECAST PERIOD 66 4.7 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT 67 FIGURE 22 UP TO 250 KW SEGMENT TO COMMAND LEADING MARKET SHARE FROM 2023 TO 2030 67 4.8 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT 67 FIGURE 23 BATTERIES TO DOMINATE OTHER COMPONENTS IN 2030 67 4.9 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 68 FIGURE 24 UP TO 400 KWH SEGMENT TO HOLD SUPREMACY IN 2030 68 4.10 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 68 FIGURE 25 LFP BATTERIES TO HOLD HIGHEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 68 4.11 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY 69 FIGURE 26 ABOVE 70 SEATS TO BE FASTEST-GROWING SEGMENT FROM 2023 TO 2030 69 4.12 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION 69 FIGURE 27 ASIA PACIFIC TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 69 5 MARKET OVERVIEW 70 5.1 INTRODUCTION 70 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 71 5.2.1 DRIVERS 71 5.2.1.1 Rising GHG emissions 71 TABLE 2 POTENTIAL MARKETS FOR NEW ZERO-EMISSION BUSES ACROSS EUROPE 73 5.2.1.2 Increasing demand for emission-free vehicles 73 FIGURE 28 DECLINE IN BATTERY PRICE/KWH, 2010–2030 74 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 75 5.2.2.1 Safety concerns in EV batteries and high development cost 75 FIGURE 29 OUTLINE OF BATTERY SAFETY ARCHITECTURE 76 FIGURE 30 AVERAGE COST OF DIESEL BUS VS. ELECTRIC BUS 76 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 77 5.2.3.1 Transition toward hydrogen fuel cell electric mobility 77 FIGURE 31 FUEL CELL PRODUCT LIFECYCLE 78 FIGURE 32 ELECTRIC BUS AS A SERVICE 79 5.2.4 CHALLENGES 80 5.2.4.1 High cost of developing charging infrastructure 80 5.3 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 81 FIGURE 33 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: NEURAL SYSTEM 82 FIGURE 34 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 83 5.3.1 OEMS 83 5.3.2 RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS 83 5.3.3 COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS 84 5.3.4 CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE 84 TABLE 3 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM 84 5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 86 FIGURE 35 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 86 5.4.1 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF DIESEL VS. ELECTRIC BUSES 86 FIGURE 36 COMPARISON OF TCO: 12 M ELECTRIC VS. 12 M DIESEL BUS 86 5.5 PRICING ANALYSIS 88 5.5.1 BY OEM 88 TABLE 4 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: GLOBAL AVERAGE PRICE (USD), BY OEM, 2023 88 5.5.2 BY INTERCITY BUSES 89 TABLE 5 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: GLOBAL AVERAGE PRICE (USD), BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2023 89 5.5.3 BY REGION 89 TABLE 6 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: GLOBAL AVERAGE PRICE (USD), BY REGION, 2023 89 5.5.4 BY LENGTH OF BUS 89 TABLE 7 ELECTRIC BUS VS. DIESEL BUS PRICE (USD), BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2023 89 5.6 PATENT ANALYSIS 90 5.7 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 93 5.7.1 NORTH AMERICA 93 TABLE 8 NORTH AMERICA: POLICIES AND INITIATIVES SUPPORTING HYDROGEN-POWERED VEHICLES AND INFRASTRUCTURE 93 5.7.2 EUROPE 94 TABLE 9 EUROPE: POLICIES AND INITIATIVES SUPPORTING HYDROGEN-POWERED VEHICLES AND INFRASTRUCTURE 94 5.7.3 ASIA PACIFIC 95 TABLE 10 ASIA PACIFIC: POLICIES AND INITIATIVES SUPPORTING HYDROGEN-POWERED VEHICLES AND INFRASTRUCTURE 95 5.7.4 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, BY REGION 96 TABLE 11 NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 96 TABLE 12 EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 97 TABLE 13 ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 98 5.8 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 98 5.8.1 ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT IN ELECTRIC BUSES 98 5.8.2 COMPLETE TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC BUSES IN SHENZHEN, CHINA 99 5.8.3 BATTERY CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR BUS OPERATOR STAGECOACH 99 5.8.4 OPEX DEPLOYMENT FOR ELECTRIC BUSES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM 100 FIGURE 37 OPEX-BASED ELECTRIC BUS DEPLOYMENT 100 5.8.5 ELECTRIC BUS DEPLOYMENT WITH INFRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES 101 FIGURE 38 ELECTRIFICATION OF DOHA PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN 2022 101 5.8.6 ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT IN ELECTRIC BUSES IN HELSINKI, FINLAND 102 5.9 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS 103 FIGURE 39 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IN ELECTRIC BUS MARKET 103 5.10 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 103 5.10.1 FUTURE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 104 FIGURE 40 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: FUTURE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 104 5.10.2 TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP 105 FIGURE 41 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP 105 5.10.3 INNOVATIVE CHARGING SOLUTIONS 105 5.10.3.1 Off-board top-down pantograph charging system 106 5.10.3.2 On-board bottom-up pantograph charging system 106 5.10.3.3 Ground-based static/dynamic charging system 106 5.10.4 PACKAGED FUEL CELL SYSTEM MODULE 107 FIGURE 42 NEW PACKAGED FUEL CELL SYSTEM MODULE BY TOYOTA 107 5.10.5 METHANE FUEL CELLS 107 5.11 BILL OF MATERIAL ANALYSIS 108 FIGURE 43 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: BILL OF MATERIAL ANALYSIS 108 5.12 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2018-2023 109 5.13 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS IN 2023-2024 110 TABLE 14 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 110 5.14 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 111 5.14.1 BUYING CRITERIA 111 FIGURE 44 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS BATTERY TYPES 111 TABLE 15 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS BATTERY TYPES 112 5.15 SUPPLIER ANALYSIS 112 5.15.1 BATTERY CELL MANUFACTURERS 112 TABLE 16 BATTERY CELL MANUFACTURERS 112 5.15.2 AXLE MANUFACTURERS 113 TABLE 17 AXLE MANUFACTURERS 113 5.15.3 HVAC SYSTEM MANUFACTURERS 113 TABLE 18 HVAC SYSTEM MANUFACTURERS 113 5.15.4 MOTOR MANUFACTURERS 114 TABLE 19 MOTOR MANUFACTURERS 114 6 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 115 6.1 INTRODUCTION 116 FIGURE 45 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 116 TABLE 20 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 117 TABLE 21 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 117 TABLE 22 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 117 TABLE 23 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 118 6.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 118 6.3 NMC BATTERIES 118 6.3.1 INCREASED PREFERENCE FOR HIGH ENERGY DENSITY 118 6.4 LFP BATTERIES 119 6.4.1 DEMAND FOR LOW-COST AND GOOD THERMAL STABILITY 119 6.5 NCA BATTERIES 119 6.5.1 BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND LONG LIFE CYCLE 119 6.6 OTHER BATTERIES 119 7 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION 120 7.1 INTRODUCTION 121 FIGURE 46 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023 VS 2030 (USD MILLION) 121 TABLE 24 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 122 TABLE 25 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 122 TABLE 26 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 122 TABLE 27 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 122 7.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 123 7.3 BEVS 123 7.3.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES 123 TABLE 28 BEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 123 TABLE 29 BEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 123 TABLE 30 BEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 124 TABLE 31 BEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 124 7.4 FCEVS 124 7.4.1 SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN 124 TABLE 32 FCEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 125 TABLE 33 FCEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 125 TABLE 34 FCEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 125 TABLE 35 FCEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 126 8 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE 127 8.1 INTRODUCTION 128 FIGURE 47 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 128 FIGURE 48 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: RANGE VS. DIFFERENT DRIVING CONDITIONS 128 TABLE 36 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 129 TABLE 37 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 129 TABLE 38 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 129 TABLE 39 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 129 8.2 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 130 8.3 UP TO 200 MILES 130 8.3.1 EXTENSIVE USE IN CHINESE BUS FLEETS 130 TABLE 40 UP TO 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 130 TABLE 41 UP TO 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 131 TABLE 42 UP TO 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 131 TABLE 43 UP TO 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 131 8.4 ABOVE 200 MILES 132 8.4.1 ADVANCEMENTS IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES 132 TABLE 44 ABOVE 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 132 TABLE 45 ABOVE 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 132 TABLE 46 ABOVE 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 133 TABLE 47 ABOVE 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 133 9 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS 134 9.1 INTRODUCTION 135 FIGURE 49 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2023 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 136 FIGURE 50 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET OPPORTUNITIES, BY LENGTH OF BUS AND COUNTRY 137 TABLE 48 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 137 TABLE 49 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 137 TABLE 50 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 138 TABLE 51 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 138 9.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 138 9.3 LESS THAN 9 M 139 9.3.1 EASY MANEUVERING ON COMPACT ROADS 139 TABLE 52 LESS THAN 9 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 139 TABLE 53 LESS THAN 9 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 139 TABLE 54 LESS THAN 9 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 140 TABLE 55 LESS THAN 9 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 140 9.4 9–14 M 140 9.4.1 PREVALENCE IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT FLEETS 140 TABLE 56 9–14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 141 TABLE 57 9–14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 141 TABLE 58 9–14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 141 TABLE 59 9–14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 142 9.5 MORE THAN 14 M 142 9.5.1 GROWING NUMBER OF ARTICULATED ELECTRIC BUSES 142 TABLE 60 MORE THAN 14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 142 TABLE 61 MORE THAN 14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 143 TABLE 62 MORE THAN 14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 143 TABLE 63 MORE THAN 14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 143 10 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER 144 10.1 INTRODUCTION 145 FIGURE 51 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 145 TABLE 64 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 145 TABLE 65 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 146 TABLE 66 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 146 TABLE 67 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 146 10.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 147 10.3 PRIVATE 147 10.3.1 GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES TO PROMOTE ADOPTION OF ELECTRIC BUSES 147 TABLE 68 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 147 TABLE 69 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 147 TABLE 70 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 148 TABLE 71 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 148 10.4 GOVERNMENT 148 10.4.1 USE OF ELECTRIC BUSES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 148 TABLE 72 GOVERNMENT: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 149 TABLE 73 GOVERNMENT: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 149 TABLE 74 GOVERNMENT: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 149 TABLE 75 GOVERNMENT: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 150 11 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION 151 11.1 INTRODUCTION 152 FIGURE 52 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 152 TABLE 76 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 152 TABLE 77 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 153 TABLE 78 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 153 TABLE 79 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 153 11.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 153 11.3 INTERCITY 154 11.3.1 ADVANCEMENTS IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES AND CHARGING SOLUTIONS 154 TABLE 80 INTERCITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 154 TABLE 81 INTERCITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 154 TABLE 82 INTERCITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 155 TABLE 83 INTERCITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 155 11.4 INTRACITY 155 11.4.1 NEED TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY IN CITIES 155 TABLE 84 INTRACITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 156 TABLE 85 INTRACITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 156 TABLE 86 INTRACITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 156 TABLE 87 INTRACITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 157 12 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 158 12.1 INTRODUCTION 159 FIGURE 53 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 159 TABLE 88 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 159 TABLE 89 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 159 TABLE 90 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 160 TABLE 91 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 160 12.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 160 12.3 UP TO 400 KWH 161 12.3.1 DEPLOYED IN INTRACITY TRANSPORT 161 TABLE 92 UP TO 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 161 TABLE 93 UP TO 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 161 TABLE 94 UP TO 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 162 TABLE 95 UP TO 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 162 12.4 ABOVE 400 KWH 162 12.4.1 USED FOR LONG-DISTANCE COMMUTE 162 TABLE 96 ABOVE 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 97 ABOVE 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 98 ABOVE 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 163 TABLE 99 ABOVE 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 164 13 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT 165 13.1 INTRODUCTION 166 FIGURE 54 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 166 TABLE 100 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 167 TABLE 101 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 167 TABLE 102 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 168 TABLE 103 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 168 13.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 169 13.3 MOTORS 169 13.3.1 INCREASING PREFERENCE FOR EFFICIENT MOTORS 169 TABLE 104 MOTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 169 TABLE 105 MOTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 170 TABLE 106 MOTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 170 TABLE 107 MOTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 170 13.4 BATTERIES 171 13.4.1 RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES 171 TABLE 108 BATTERIES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 109 BATTERIES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 110 BATTERIES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 172 TABLE 111 BATTERIES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 172 13.5 FUEL CELL STACKS 172 13.5.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN FUEL CELL ELECTRIC BUSES 172 TABLE 112 FUEL CELL STACKS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 113 FUEL CELL STACKS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 114 FUEL CELL STACKS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 173 TABLE 115 FUEL CELL STACKS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 174 13.6 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 174 13.6.1 NEED FOR EFFICIENT BATTERY OPTIMIZATION IN ELECTRIC BUSES 174 TABLE 116 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 174 TABLE 117 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 175 TABLE 118 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 175 TABLE 119 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 175 13.7 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS 176 13.7.1 NEED FOR LONGER BATTERY LIFE 176 TABLE 120 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 176 TABLE 121 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 176 TABLE 122 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 177 TABLE 123 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 177 13.8 DC-DC CONVERTERS 177 13.8.1 GROWING SAFETY CONCERNS IN ELECTRIC BUSES 177 TABLE 124 DC-DC CONVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 178 TABLE 125 DC-DC CONVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 178 TABLE 126 DC-DC CONVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 178 TABLE 127 DC-DC CONVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 179 13.9 INVERTERS 179 13.9.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR ELECTRIC BUSES WITH HIGHER RANGE 179 TABLE 128 INVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 129 INVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 180 TABLE 130 INVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 180 TABLE 131 INVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 180 13.10 AC/DC CHARGERS 181 13.10.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURES 181 TABLE 132 AC/DC CHARGERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 133 AC/DC CHARGERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 134 AC/DC CHARGERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 182 TABLE 135 AC/DC CHARGERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 182 13.11 EV CONNECTORS 182 13.11.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR ADVANCED CHARGING SYSTEMS 182 TABLE 136 EV CONNECTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 183 TABLE 137 EV CONNECTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 183 TABLE 138 EV CONNECTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 183 TABLE 139 EV CONNECTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 184 14 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LEVEL OF AUTONOMY 185 14.1 INTRODUCTION 185 14.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 185 14.3 SEMI-AUTONOMOUS 185 14.3.1 ADOPTION OF ADVANCED SAFETY FEATURES 185 TABLE 140 SEMI-AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC BUS MODELS AND THEIR FEATURES, 2022 186 14.4 AUTONOMOUS 186 14.4.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC BUSES 186 TABLE 141 AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC BUS MODELS AND THEIR FEATURES, 2022 187 15 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT 188 15.1 INTRODUCTION 189 FIGURE 55 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 189 TABLE 142 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 189 TABLE 143 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 189 TABLE 144 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 190 TABLE 145 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 190 15.2 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 190 15.3 UP TO 250 KW 191 15.3.1 WIDELY USED IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT BUSES 191 TABLE 146 UP TO 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 191 TABLE 147 UP TO 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 191 TABLE 148 UP TO 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 192 TABLE 149 UP TO 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 192 15.4 ABOVE 250 KW 192 15.4.1 DEMAND FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRIC BUSES 192 TABLE 150 ABOVE 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 193 TABLE 151 ABOVE 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 193 TABLE 152 ABOVE 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 193 TABLE 153 ABOVE 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 194 16 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY 195 16.1 INTRODUCTION 196 FIGURE 56 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 196 TABLE 154 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 196 TABLE 155 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 197 TABLE 156 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 197 TABLE 157 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 197 16.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 198 16.3 UP TO 40 SEATS 198 16.3.1 NEED FOR ELECTRIC BUSES FOR SHORT-DISTANCE SHUTTLES 198 16.4 40–70 SEATS 198 16.4.1 WIDELY USED IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 198 16.5 ABOVE 70 SEATS 199 16.5.1 NEED FOR HIGHER PASSENGER-CARRYING CAPABILITIES 199 17 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION 200 17.1 INTRODUCTION 201 FIGURE 57 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 201 TABLE 158 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 202 TABLE 159 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 202 TABLE 160 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 202 TABLE 161 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 203 17.2 ASIA PACIFIC 203 FIGURE 58 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET SNAPSHOT 204 TABLE 162 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 205 TABLE 163 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 205 TABLE 164 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 206 TABLE 165 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 206 17.2.1 ASIA PACIFIC: RECESSION IMPACT 207 17.2.2 CHINA 207 17.2.2.1 Widespread adoption of electric buses in public transport and presence of leading OEMs 207 TABLE 166 CHINA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 207 TABLE 167 CHINA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 207 TABLE 168 CHINA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 207 TABLE 169 CHINA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 208 17.2.3 JAPAN 208 17.2.3.1 Focus on advanced electric buses 208 TABLE 170 JAPAN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 208 TABLE 171 JAPAN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 208 TABLE 172 JAPAN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 209 TABLE 173 JAPAN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 209 17.2.4 INDIA 209 17.2.4.1 Government support for electrification of public transport 209 TABLE 174 INDIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 210 TABLE 175 INDIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 210 TABLE 176 INDIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 210 TABLE 177 INDIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 210 17.2.5 SOUTH KOREA 211 17.2.5.1 Focus on electrification of public transport fleets 211 TABLE 178 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 211 TABLE 179 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 211 TABLE 180 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 211 TABLE 181 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 212 17.2.6 SINGAPORE 212 17.2.6.1 Aim for green public transport by 2040 212 TABLE 182 SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 212 TABLE 183 SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 213 TABLE 184 SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 213 TABLE 185 SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 213 17.2.7 INDONESIA 213 17.2.7.1 Commitment to improving air quality 213 TABLE 186 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 214 TABLE 187 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 214 TABLE 188 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 214 TABLE 189 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 214 17.2.8 HONG KONG 215 17.2.8.1 Government initiatives to reduce GHG emissions 215 TABLE 190 HONG KONG: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 215 TABLE 191 HONG KONG: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 215 TABLE 192 HONG KONG: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 215 TABLE 193 HONG KONG: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 216 17.2.9 AUSTRALIA 216 17.2.9.1 Increase in awareness of climate change 216 TABLE 194 AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 216 TABLE 195 AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 216 TABLE 196 AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 217 TABLE 197 AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 217 17.3 EUROPE 217 FIGURE 59 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (UNITS) 218 TABLE 198 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 218 TABLE 199 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 219 TABLE 200 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 219 TABLE 201 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 220 17.3.1 EUROPE: RECESSION IMPACT 220 17.3.2 FRANCE 221 17.3.2.1 Promotion of pure battery-electric buses for 2024 Summer Olympics 221 TABLE 202 FRANCE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 221 TABLE 203 FRANCE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 221 TABLE 204 FRANCE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 221 TABLE 205 FRANCE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 222 17.3.3 GERMANY 222 17.3.3.1 Increased government incentives and investments for infrastructure development 222 TABLE 206 GERMANY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 222 TABLE 207 GERMANY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 223 TABLE 208 GERMANY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 223 TABLE 209 GERMANY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 223 17.3.4 SPAIN 223 17.3.4.1 Government focus on replacing existing public transport fleet with electric buses 223 TABLE 210 SPAIN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 224 TABLE 211 SPAIN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 224 TABLE 212 SPAIN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 224 TABLE 213 SPAIN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 224 17.3.5 AUSTRIA 225 17.3.5.1 Rising emission concerns 225 TABLE 214 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 225 TABLE 215 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 225 TABLE 216 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 225 TABLE 217 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 226 17.3.6 NORWAY 226 17.3.6.1 Government support and schemes for electric buses 226 TABLE 218 NORWAY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 226 TABLE 219 NORWAY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 226 TABLE 220 NORWAY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 227 TABLE 221 NORWAY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 227 17.3.7 SWEDEN 227 17.3.7.1 Presence of market-leading OEMs 227 TABLE 222 SWEDEN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 227 TABLE 223 SWEDEN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 228 TABLE 224 SWEDEN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 228 TABLE 225 SWEDEN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 228 17.3.8 SWITZERLAND 228 17.3.8.1 Favorable government regulations 228 TABLE 226 SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 229 TABLE 227 SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 229 TABLE 228 SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 229 TABLE 229 SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 229 17.3.9 NETHERLANDS 230 17.3.9.1 Increased orders and deliveries of electric buses 230 TABLE 230 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 230 TABLE 231 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 230 TABLE 232 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 230 TABLE 233 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 231 17.3.10 BELGIUM 231 17.3.10.1 Investments in electrification and emission-free transport 231 TABLE 234 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 231 TABLE 235 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 231 TABLE 236 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 232 TABLE 237 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 232 17.3.11 UK 232 17.3.11.1 Stringent regulations for emission-free buses 232 TABLE 238 UK: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 232 TABLE 239 UK: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 233 TABLE 240 UK: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2023 (USD MILLION) 233 TABLE 241 UK: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 233 17.3.12 TURKEY 234 17.3.12.1 Continuous advancements in technology 234 TABLE 242 TURKEY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 234 TABLE 243 TURKEY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 234 TABLE 244 TURKEY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 234 TABLE 245 TURKEY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 235 17.3.13 POLAND 235 17.3.13.1 Push toward sustainable public transportation 235 TABLE 246 POLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 235 TABLE 247 POLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 235 TABLE 248 POLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 236 TABLE 249 POLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 236
SummaryThe electric bus market is largely driven by decreased emission limits in upcoming emission regulations and increased demand for sustainable mobility. However, as this market is at its initial growth phase, the major restraint faced by this industry is the higher cost of electric buses than conventional diesel buses due to the high cost of batteries. The biggest challenge for this market is safety concerns and the low range associated with batteries. “Above 400 kWh is estimated to be the fastest growing battery capacity for electric buses.” Electric buses usually offer the above 400 kWh battery capacity range for intercity or long-distance commutes. The developments in battery technologies and the reduction in prices of batteries have positively impacted the growth of above 400 kWh batteries. In their product offerings, many leading OEMs have introduced electric buses with above 400 kWh battery capacity. For instance, in 2021, AB Volvo (Germany) launched its electric bus BZL Electric with a battery capacity of 470 kWh. The above 400 kWh battery capacity segment is projected to be the fastest-growing battery segment during the forecast period. Asia Pacific leads the above 400 kWh segment of the electric bus market. This is mainly because of the region’s focus on R&D in battery technologies. It is also expected that the declining battery prices and the ongoing innovations in battery compositions will drive market growth in this region during the forecast period. The above 200 miles range electric buses will be the fastest-growing market. The incorporation of electric buses in long-distance commutes is gradually increasing, and electric bus manufacturers have recognized the need for electric buses with a higher range per charge. Hence, electric buses above 200 miles are expected to be the fastest-growing market over the forecast period. The key reason is - increased R&D in battery technologies by leading manufacturers and OEMs. Manufacturers are actively developing batteries that offer a higher range. For instance, Proterra’s (US) fifth-generation battery-electric transit bus features a new streamlined vehicle design, maximizing the energy stored onboard the vehicle to increase power and range up to 329 miles. The Proterra ZX5+ model can travel up to 240 miles with a 440-kWh battery on a single charge. North America is expected to command the above 200 miles segment during the forecast period. This is mainly because the region has a relatively more developed charging infrastructure, which aids the easier incorporation of electric buses in long-distance commutes. Many North American cities and transit agencies have installed high-capacity charging stations along major transit corridors to support the deployment of electric buses. For instance, the Toronto Transit Commission has installed ten fast-charging stations along a busy transit corridor. Furthermore, many North American OEMs have product offerings above 200 miles of range, further driving the growth of electric buses with above 200 miles range. North America is expected to be the fastest growing second largest electric bus market. North America is home to major electric bus manufacturers and is renowned for innovations, cutting-edge R&D, and technological advancements in electric buses. Government support through incentives and tax benefits, the presence of individual investors, and technological edge drive the North American electric bus market. Robust infrastructure, improved power grid, government support, and increased adoption have enabled OEMs to develop electric buses and coaches of varying specifications. For instance, in September 2021, BYD (China) announced that it would build battery-electric buses for Tampa International Airport in Florida at the company’s US Coach & Bus factory in Lancaster, California. North America has many OEMs, such as Proterra, NFI Group, and Blue Bird Corporation, which provide innovative electric buses incorporated with advanced technologies. The increasing demand for zero-emission public transport will further boost the North American electric bus market. Many policies have been drafted to promote the adoption of electric buses in the region. Toronto has announced that it will convert 50% of its fleets into electric buses by 2050. The US is North America's largest and fastest-growing market for electric buses. The country has a well-developed power grid, charging infrastructure, and a strong economy. In September 2021, Capital Metro in Austin, Texas, approved a plan to purchase 26 40-foot Proterra ZX5 Max electric transit buses. Government mandates and the willingness to adopt new technologies would fuel the US electric bus market. Canada also has schemes and funding by the government that will encourage private fleets to adopt electric buses and coaches. Such government schemes are driving the North American electric bus market. Breakdown of primaries The study contains various industry experts' insights, from component suppliers to Tier 1 companies and OEMs. The break-up of the primaries is as follows: By Company Type: OEMs – 80%, Tier I/Tier II players - 10% By Designation: C level - 70%, Others– 30% By Region: Asia Pacific - 70%, Europe - 20%, North America - 10% The key players in the Electric bus market are BYD (China), Yutong (China), Proterra (US), CAF (Solaris) (Spain), VDL Groep (Netherlands), and AB Volvo (Sweden). The key strategies adopted by major companies to sustain their position in the market are expansions, contracts and agreements, and partnerships. Research Coverage Electric Bus Market By Propulsion (BEV, FCEV), Battery (NMC, LFP, NCA, Other), Length (<9m, 9-14m, >14m), Seating Capacity, Range, Battery Capacity, Power Output, Level of Autonomy, Application, Component, Consumer and Region - Global Forecast to 2030 Reasons to buy this report: The report will help the market leaders/new entrants in this market with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall electric bus market and the subsegments. This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their businesses better and to plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities. The report provides insights on the following pointers: • Analysis of key drivers (The increasing need for sustainable mass transit solutions and the need to reduce the GHG emissions), restraints (Safety Converns in EV batteries and high development costs), opportunities (Transition towards hydrogen fuel cell electric mobility, electric bus as a service), and challenges (High cost of developing charging infrastructure) influencing the growth of the electric bus market • Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product & service launches in the electric bus market • Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyses the electric bus market across varied regions • Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the electric bus market • Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies and service offerings of leading players like BYD (Build Your Dreams) (China), Proterra (US), CRRC Electric (China), Yutong (China), and AB Volvo (Sweden), among others in the electric bus marketTable of Contents1 INTRODUCTION 391.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 39 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 39 1.3 STUDY SCOPE 40 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 40 FIGURE 1 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET SEGMENTATION 40 1.3.2 REGIONS COVERED 41 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 41 1.4 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 42 TABLE 1 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 42 1.5 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 43 1.6 UNITS CONSIDERED 43 1.7 STAKEHOLDERS 43 1.8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 44 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 45 2.1 RESEARCH DATA 45 FIGURE 2 RESEARCH DESIGN 45 FIGURE 3 RESEARCH DESIGN MODEL 46 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 46 2.1.1.1 Key secondary sources 46 2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 48 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 48 FIGURE 4 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS 49 2.1.2.1 Sampling techniques and data collection methods 49 2.1.2.2 Primary participants 50 2.2 MARKET ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY 50 FIGURE 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: HYPOTHESIS BUILDING 51 2.3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 52 2.3.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 52 FIGURE 6 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 52 FIGURE 7 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH METHODOLOGY 52 2.3.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 53 FIGURE 8 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 53 FIGURE 9 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION NOTES 53 2.4 DATA TRIANGULATION 54 FIGURE 10 DATA TRIANGULATION 54 2.5 FACTOR ANALYSIS 55 FIGURE 11 MARKET GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES 55 FIGURE 12 KEY FACTORS IMPACTING MARKET 55 2.6 RECESSION IMPACT ANALYSIS 56 2.7 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 56 2.8 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 57 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 59 FIGURE 13 REPORT SUMMARY 59 3.1 KEY FACTORS DRIVING MARKET 60 FIGURE 14 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET – KEY DRIVING FACTORS 60 FIGURE 15 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 62 4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 64 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN ELECTRIC BUS MARKET 64 FIGURE 16 INCREASING DEMAND FOR FUEL-EFFICIENT AND EMISSION-FREE VEHICLES TO DRIVE MARKET 64 4.2 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER 64 FIGURE 17 GOVERNMENT TO SURPASS PRIVATE SEGMENT IN 2030 64 4.3 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION 65 FIGURE 18 BEVS TO DOMINATE ELECTRIC BUS MARKET IN 2030 65 4.4 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE 65 FIGURE 19 UP TO 200 MILES SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2030 65 4.5 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS 66 FIGURE 20 9–14 M TO EXCEED OTHER SEGMENTS FROM 2023 TO 2030 66 4.6 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION 66 FIGURE 21 INTRACITY TO SECURE MAXIMUM SHARES DURING FORECAST PERIOD 66 4.7 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT 67 FIGURE 22 UP TO 250 KW SEGMENT TO COMMAND LEADING MARKET SHARE FROM 2023 TO 2030 67 4.8 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT 67 FIGURE 23 BATTERIES TO DOMINATE OTHER COMPONENTS IN 2030 67 4.9 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 68 FIGURE 24 UP TO 400 KWH SEGMENT TO HOLD SUPREMACY IN 2030 68 4.10 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 68 FIGURE 25 LFP BATTERIES TO HOLD HIGHEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 68 4.11 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY 69 FIGURE 26 ABOVE 70 SEATS TO BE FASTEST-GROWING SEGMENT FROM 2023 TO 2030 69 4.12 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION 69 FIGURE 27 ASIA PACIFIC TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 69 5 MARKET OVERVIEW 70 5.1 INTRODUCTION 70 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 71 5.2.1 DRIVERS 71 5.2.1.1 Rising GHG emissions 71 TABLE 2 POTENTIAL MARKETS FOR NEW ZERO-EMISSION BUSES ACROSS EUROPE 73 5.2.1.2 Increasing demand for emission-free vehicles 73 FIGURE 28 DECLINE IN BATTERY PRICE/KWH, 2010–2030 74 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 75 5.2.2.1 Safety concerns in EV batteries and high development cost 75 FIGURE 29 OUTLINE OF BATTERY SAFETY ARCHITECTURE 76 FIGURE 30 AVERAGE COST OF DIESEL BUS VS. ELECTRIC BUS 76 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 77 5.2.3.1 Transition toward hydrogen fuel cell electric mobility 77 FIGURE 31 FUEL CELL PRODUCT LIFECYCLE 78 FIGURE 32 ELECTRIC BUS AS A SERVICE 79 5.2.4 CHALLENGES 80 5.2.4.1 High cost of developing charging infrastructure 80 5.3 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 81 FIGURE 33 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: NEURAL SYSTEM 82 FIGURE 34 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 83 5.3.1 OEMS 83 5.3.2 RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS 83 5.3.3 COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS 84 5.3.4 CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE 84 TABLE 3 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM 84 5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 86 FIGURE 35 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 86 5.4.1 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF DIESEL VS. ELECTRIC BUSES 86 FIGURE 36 COMPARISON OF TCO: 12 M ELECTRIC VS. 12 M DIESEL BUS 86 5.5 PRICING ANALYSIS 88 5.5.1 BY OEM 88 TABLE 4 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: GLOBAL AVERAGE PRICE (USD), BY OEM, 2023 88 5.5.2 BY INTERCITY BUSES 89 TABLE 5 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: GLOBAL AVERAGE PRICE (USD), BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2023 89 5.5.3 BY REGION 89 TABLE 6 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: GLOBAL AVERAGE PRICE (USD), BY REGION, 2023 89 5.5.4 BY LENGTH OF BUS 89 TABLE 7 ELECTRIC BUS VS. DIESEL BUS PRICE (USD), BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2023 89 5.6 PATENT ANALYSIS 90 5.7 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 93 5.7.1 NORTH AMERICA 93 TABLE 8 NORTH AMERICA: POLICIES AND INITIATIVES SUPPORTING HYDROGEN-POWERED VEHICLES AND INFRASTRUCTURE 93 5.7.2 EUROPE 94 TABLE 9 EUROPE: POLICIES AND INITIATIVES SUPPORTING HYDROGEN-POWERED VEHICLES AND INFRASTRUCTURE 94 5.7.3 ASIA PACIFIC 95 TABLE 10 ASIA PACIFIC: POLICIES AND INITIATIVES SUPPORTING HYDROGEN-POWERED VEHICLES AND INFRASTRUCTURE 95 5.7.4 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, BY REGION 96 TABLE 11 NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 96 TABLE 12 EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 97 TABLE 13 ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 98 5.8 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 98 5.8.1 ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT IN ELECTRIC BUSES 98 5.8.2 COMPLETE TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC BUSES IN SHENZHEN, CHINA 99 5.8.3 BATTERY CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR BUS OPERATOR STAGECOACH 99 5.8.4 OPEX DEPLOYMENT FOR ELECTRIC BUSES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM 100 FIGURE 37 OPEX-BASED ELECTRIC BUS DEPLOYMENT 100 5.8.5 ELECTRIC BUS DEPLOYMENT WITH INFRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES 101 FIGURE 38 ELECTRIFICATION OF DOHA PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN 2022 101 5.8.6 ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT IN ELECTRIC BUSES IN HELSINKI, FINLAND 102 5.9 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS 103 FIGURE 39 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IN ELECTRIC BUS MARKET 103 5.10 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 103 5.10.1 FUTURE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 104 FIGURE 40 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: FUTURE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 104 5.10.2 TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP 105 FIGURE 41 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP 105 5.10.3 INNOVATIVE CHARGING SOLUTIONS 105 5.10.3.1 Off-board top-down pantograph charging system 106 5.10.3.2 On-board bottom-up pantograph charging system 106 5.10.3.3 Ground-based static/dynamic charging system 106 5.10.4 PACKAGED FUEL CELL SYSTEM MODULE 107 FIGURE 42 NEW PACKAGED FUEL CELL SYSTEM MODULE BY TOYOTA 107 5.10.5 METHANE FUEL CELLS 107 5.11 BILL OF MATERIAL ANALYSIS 108 FIGURE 43 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: BILL OF MATERIAL ANALYSIS 108 5.12 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2018-2023 109 5.13 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS IN 2023-2024 110 TABLE 14 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 110 5.14 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 111 5.14.1 BUYING CRITERIA 111 FIGURE 44 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS BATTERY TYPES 111 TABLE 15 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR VARIOUS BATTERY TYPES 112 5.15 SUPPLIER ANALYSIS 112 5.15.1 BATTERY CELL MANUFACTURERS 112 TABLE 16 BATTERY CELL MANUFACTURERS 112 5.15.2 AXLE MANUFACTURERS 113 TABLE 17 AXLE MANUFACTURERS 113 5.15.3 HVAC SYSTEM MANUFACTURERS 113 TABLE 18 HVAC SYSTEM MANUFACTURERS 113 5.15.4 MOTOR MANUFACTURERS 114 TABLE 19 MOTOR MANUFACTURERS 114 6 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 115 6.1 INTRODUCTION 116 FIGURE 45 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 116 TABLE 20 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 117 TABLE 21 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 117 TABLE 22 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 117 TABLE 23 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 118 6.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 118 6.3 NMC BATTERIES 118 6.3.1 INCREASED PREFERENCE FOR HIGH ENERGY DENSITY 118 6.4 LFP BATTERIES 119 6.4.1 DEMAND FOR LOW-COST AND GOOD THERMAL STABILITY 119 6.5 NCA BATTERIES 119 6.5.1 BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND LONG LIFE CYCLE 119 6.6 OTHER BATTERIES 119 7 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION 120 7.1 INTRODUCTION 121 FIGURE 46 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023 VS 2030 (USD MILLION) 121 TABLE 24 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 122 TABLE 25 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 122 TABLE 26 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 122 TABLE 27 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 122 7.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 123 7.3 BEVS 123 7.3.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES 123 TABLE 28 BEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 123 TABLE 29 BEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 123 TABLE 30 BEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 124 TABLE 31 BEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 124 7.4 FCEVS 124 7.4.1 SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN 124 TABLE 32 FCEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 125 TABLE 33 FCEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 125 TABLE 34 FCEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 125 TABLE 35 FCEVS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 126 8 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE 127 8.1 INTRODUCTION 128 FIGURE 47 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 128 FIGURE 48 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET: RANGE VS. DIFFERENT DRIVING CONDITIONS 128 TABLE 36 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 129 TABLE 37 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 129 TABLE 38 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 129 TABLE 39 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 129 8.2 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 130 8.3 UP TO 200 MILES 130 8.3.1 EXTENSIVE USE IN CHINESE BUS FLEETS 130 TABLE 40 UP TO 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 130 TABLE 41 UP TO 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 131 TABLE 42 UP TO 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 131 TABLE 43 UP TO 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 131 8.4 ABOVE 200 MILES 132 8.4.1 ADVANCEMENTS IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES 132 TABLE 44 ABOVE 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 132 TABLE 45 ABOVE 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 132 TABLE 46 ABOVE 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 133 TABLE 47 ABOVE 200 MILES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 133 9 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS 134 9.1 INTRODUCTION 135 FIGURE 49 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2023 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 136 FIGURE 50 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET OPPORTUNITIES, BY LENGTH OF BUS AND COUNTRY 137 TABLE 48 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 137 TABLE 49 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 137 TABLE 50 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 138 TABLE 51 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LENGTH OF BUS, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 138 9.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 138 9.3 LESS THAN 9 M 139 9.3.1 EASY MANEUVERING ON COMPACT ROADS 139 TABLE 52 LESS THAN 9 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 139 TABLE 53 LESS THAN 9 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 139 TABLE 54 LESS THAN 9 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 140 TABLE 55 LESS THAN 9 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 140 9.4 9–14 M 140 9.4.1 PREVALENCE IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT FLEETS 140 TABLE 56 9–14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 141 TABLE 57 9–14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 141 TABLE 58 9–14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 141 TABLE 59 9–14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 142 9.5 MORE THAN 14 M 142 9.5.1 GROWING NUMBER OF ARTICULATED ELECTRIC BUSES 142 TABLE 60 MORE THAN 14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 142 TABLE 61 MORE THAN 14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 143 TABLE 62 MORE THAN 14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 143 TABLE 63 MORE THAN 14 M: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 143 10 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER 144 10.1 INTRODUCTION 145 FIGURE 51 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 145 TABLE 64 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 145 TABLE 65 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 146 TABLE 66 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 146 TABLE 67 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY CONSUMER, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 146 10.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 147 10.3 PRIVATE 147 10.3.1 GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES TO PROMOTE ADOPTION OF ELECTRIC BUSES 147 TABLE 68 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 147 TABLE 69 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 147 TABLE 70 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 148 TABLE 71 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 148 10.4 GOVERNMENT 148 10.4.1 USE OF ELECTRIC BUSES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 148 TABLE 72 GOVERNMENT: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 149 TABLE 73 GOVERNMENT: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 149 TABLE 74 GOVERNMENT: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 149 TABLE 75 GOVERNMENT: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 150 11 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION 151 11.1 INTRODUCTION 152 FIGURE 52 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 152 TABLE 76 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 152 TABLE 77 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 153 TABLE 78 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 153 TABLE 79 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 153 11.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 153 11.3 INTERCITY 154 11.3.1 ADVANCEMENTS IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES AND CHARGING SOLUTIONS 154 TABLE 80 INTERCITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 154 TABLE 81 INTERCITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 154 TABLE 82 INTERCITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 155 TABLE 83 INTERCITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 155 11.4 INTRACITY 155 11.4.1 NEED TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY IN CITIES 155 TABLE 84 INTRACITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 156 TABLE 85 INTRACITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 156 TABLE 86 INTRACITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 156 TABLE 87 INTRACITY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 157 12 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 158 12.1 INTRODUCTION 159 FIGURE 53 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 159 TABLE 88 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 159 TABLE 89 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 159 TABLE 90 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 160 TABLE 91 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 160 12.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 160 12.3 UP TO 400 KWH 161 12.3.1 DEPLOYED IN INTRACITY TRANSPORT 161 TABLE 92 UP TO 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 161 TABLE 93 UP TO 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 161 TABLE 94 UP TO 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 162 TABLE 95 UP TO 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 162 12.4 ABOVE 400 KWH 162 12.4.1 USED FOR LONG-DISTANCE COMMUTE 162 TABLE 96 ABOVE 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 97 ABOVE 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 98 ABOVE 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 163 TABLE 99 ABOVE 400 KWH: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 164 13 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT 165 13.1 INTRODUCTION 166 FIGURE 54 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 166 TABLE 100 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 167 TABLE 101 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 167 TABLE 102 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 168 TABLE 103 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 168 13.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 169 13.3 MOTORS 169 13.3.1 INCREASING PREFERENCE FOR EFFICIENT MOTORS 169 TABLE 104 MOTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 169 TABLE 105 MOTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 170 TABLE 106 MOTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 170 TABLE 107 MOTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 170 13.4 BATTERIES 171 13.4.1 RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES 171 TABLE 108 BATTERIES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 109 BATTERIES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 110 BATTERIES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 172 TABLE 111 BATTERIES: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 172 13.5 FUEL CELL STACKS 172 13.5.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN FUEL CELL ELECTRIC BUSES 172 TABLE 112 FUEL CELL STACKS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 113 FUEL CELL STACKS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 114 FUEL CELL STACKS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 173 TABLE 115 FUEL CELL STACKS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 174 13.6 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 174 13.6.1 NEED FOR EFFICIENT BATTERY OPTIMIZATION IN ELECTRIC BUSES 174 TABLE 116 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 174 TABLE 117 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 175 TABLE 118 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 175 TABLE 119 BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 175 13.7 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS 176 13.7.1 NEED FOR LONGER BATTERY LIFE 176 TABLE 120 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 176 TABLE 121 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 176 TABLE 122 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 177 TABLE 123 BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 177 13.8 DC-DC CONVERTERS 177 13.8.1 GROWING SAFETY CONCERNS IN ELECTRIC BUSES 177 TABLE 124 DC-DC CONVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 178 TABLE 125 DC-DC CONVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 178 TABLE 126 DC-DC CONVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 178 TABLE 127 DC-DC CONVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 179 13.9 INVERTERS 179 13.9.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR ELECTRIC BUSES WITH HIGHER RANGE 179 TABLE 128 INVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 129 INVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 180 TABLE 130 INVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 180 TABLE 131 INVERTERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 180 13.10 AC/DC CHARGERS 181 13.10.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURES 181 TABLE 132 AC/DC CHARGERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 133 AC/DC CHARGERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 134 AC/DC CHARGERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 182 TABLE 135 AC/DC CHARGERS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 182 13.11 EV CONNECTORS 182 13.11.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR ADVANCED CHARGING SYSTEMS 182 TABLE 136 EV CONNECTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 183 TABLE 137 EV CONNECTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 183 TABLE 138 EV CONNECTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 183 TABLE 139 EV CONNECTORS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 184 14 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY LEVEL OF AUTONOMY 185 14.1 INTRODUCTION 185 14.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 185 14.3 SEMI-AUTONOMOUS 185 14.3.1 ADOPTION OF ADVANCED SAFETY FEATURES 185 TABLE 140 SEMI-AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC BUS MODELS AND THEIR FEATURES, 2022 186 14.4 AUTONOMOUS 186 14.4.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC BUSES 186 TABLE 141 AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC BUS MODELS AND THEIR FEATURES, 2022 187 15 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT 188 15.1 INTRODUCTION 189 FIGURE 55 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 189 TABLE 142 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 189 TABLE 143 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 189 TABLE 144 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 190 TABLE 145 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 190 15.2 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 190 15.3 UP TO 250 KW 191 15.3.1 WIDELY USED IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT BUSES 191 TABLE 146 UP TO 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 191 TABLE 147 UP TO 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 191 TABLE 148 UP TO 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 192 TABLE 149 UP TO 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 192 15.4 ABOVE 250 KW 192 15.4.1 DEMAND FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRIC BUSES 192 TABLE 150 ABOVE 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 193 TABLE 151 ABOVE 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 193 TABLE 152 ABOVE 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 193 TABLE 153 ABOVE 250 KW: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 194 16 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY 195 16.1 INTRODUCTION 196 FIGURE 56 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2023 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION) 196 TABLE 154 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 196 TABLE 155 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 197 TABLE 156 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 197 TABLE 157 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY SEATING CAPACITY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 197 16.2 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 198 16.3 UP TO 40 SEATS 198 16.3.1 NEED FOR ELECTRIC BUSES FOR SHORT-DISTANCE SHUTTLES 198 16.4 40–70 SEATS 198 16.4.1 WIDELY USED IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 198 16.5 ABOVE 70 SEATS 199 16.5.1 NEED FOR HIGHER PASSENGER-CARRYING CAPABILITIES 199 17 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION 200 17.1 INTRODUCTION 201 FIGURE 57 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023 VS. 2030 (UNITS) 201 TABLE 158 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 202 TABLE 159 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 202 TABLE 160 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 202 TABLE 161 ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 203 17.2 ASIA PACIFIC 203 FIGURE 58 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET SNAPSHOT 204 TABLE 162 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 205 TABLE 163 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 205 TABLE 164 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 206 TABLE 165 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 206 17.2.1 ASIA PACIFIC: RECESSION IMPACT 207 17.2.2 CHINA 207 17.2.2.1 Widespread adoption of electric buses in public transport and presence of leading OEMs 207 TABLE 166 CHINA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 207 TABLE 167 CHINA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 207 TABLE 168 CHINA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 207 TABLE 169 CHINA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 208 17.2.3 JAPAN 208 17.2.3.1 Focus on advanced electric buses 208 TABLE 170 JAPAN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 208 TABLE 171 JAPAN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 208 TABLE 172 JAPAN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 209 TABLE 173 JAPAN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 209 17.2.4 INDIA 209 17.2.4.1 Government support for electrification of public transport 209 TABLE 174 INDIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 210 TABLE 175 INDIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 210 TABLE 176 INDIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 210 TABLE 177 INDIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 210 17.2.5 SOUTH KOREA 211 17.2.5.1 Focus on electrification of public transport fleets 211 TABLE 178 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 211 TABLE 179 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 211 TABLE 180 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 211 TABLE 181 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 212 17.2.6 SINGAPORE 212 17.2.6.1 Aim for green public transport by 2040 212 TABLE 182 SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 212 TABLE 183 SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 213 TABLE 184 SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 213 TABLE 185 SINGAPORE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 213 17.2.7 INDONESIA 213 17.2.7.1 Commitment to improving air quality 213 TABLE 186 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 214 TABLE 187 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 214 TABLE 188 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 214 TABLE 189 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 214 17.2.8 HONG KONG 215 17.2.8.1 Government initiatives to reduce GHG emissions 215 TABLE 190 HONG KONG: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 215 TABLE 191 HONG KONG: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 215 TABLE 192 HONG KONG: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 215 TABLE 193 HONG KONG: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 216 17.2.9 AUSTRALIA 216 17.2.9.1 Increase in awareness of climate change 216 TABLE 194 AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 216 TABLE 195 AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 216 TABLE 196 AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 217 TABLE 197 AUSTRALIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 217 17.3 EUROPE 217 FIGURE 59 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (UNITS) 218 TABLE 198 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 218 TABLE 199 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 219 TABLE 200 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 219 TABLE 201 EUROPE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 220 17.3.1 EUROPE: RECESSION IMPACT 220 17.3.2 FRANCE 221 17.3.2.1 Promotion of pure battery-electric buses for 2024 Summer Olympics 221 TABLE 202 FRANCE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 221 TABLE 203 FRANCE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 221 TABLE 204 FRANCE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 221 TABLE 205 FRANCE: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 222 17.3.3 GERMANY 222 17.3.3.1 Increased government incentives and investments for infrastructure development 222 TABLE 206 GERMANY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 222 TABLE 207 GERMANY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 223 TABLE 208 GERMANY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 223 TABLE 209 GERMANY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 223 17.3.4 SPAIN 223 17.3.4.1 Government focus on replacing existing public transport fleet with electric buses 223 TABLE 210 SPAIN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 224 TABLE 211 SPAIN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 224 TABLE 212 SPAIN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 224 TABLE 213 SPAIN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 224 17.3.5 AUSTRIA 225 17.3.5.1 Rising emission concerns 225 TABLE 214 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 225 TABLE 215 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 225 TABLE 216 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 225 TABLE 217 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 226 17.3.6 NORWAY 226 17.3.6.1 Government support and schemes for electric buses 226 TABLE 218 NORWAY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 226 TABLE 219 NORWAY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 226 TABLE 220 NORWAY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 227 TABLE 221 NORWAY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 227 17.3.7 SWEDEN 227 17.3.7.1 Presence of market-leading OEMs 227 TABLE 222 SWEDEN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 227 TABLE 223 SWEDEN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 228 TABLE 224 SWEDEN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 228 TABLE 225 SWEDEN: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 228 17.3.8 SWITZERLAND 228 17.3.8.1 Favorable government regulations 228 TABLE 226 SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 229 TABLE 227 SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 229 TABLE 228 SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 229 TABLE 229 SWITZERLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 229 17.3.9 NETHERLANDS 230 17.3.9.1 Increased orders and deliveries of electric buses 230 TABLE 230 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 230 TABLE 231 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 230 TABLE 232 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 230 TABLE 233 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 231 17.3.10 BELGIUM 231 17.3.10.1 Investments in electrification and emission-free transport 231 TABLE 234 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 231 TABLE 235 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 231 TABLE 236 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 232 TABLE 237 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 232 17.3.11 UK 232 17.3.11.1 Stringent regulations for emission-free buses 232 TABLE 238 UK: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 232 TABLE 239 UK: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 233 TABLE 240 UK: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2023 (USD MILLION) 233 TABLE 241 UK: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 233 17.3.12 TURKEY 234 17.3.12.1 Continuous advancements in technology 234 TABLE 242 TURKEY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 234 TABLE 243 TURKEY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 234 TABLE 244 TURKEY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 234 TABLE 245 TURKEY: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 235 17.3.13 POLAND 235 17.3.13.1 Push toward sustainable public transportation 235 TABLE 246 POLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (UNITS) 235 TABLE 247 POLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (UNITS) 235 TABLE 248 POLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION) 236 TABLE 249 POLAND: ELECTRIC BUS MARKET, BY PROPULSION, 2023–2030 (USD MILLION) 236
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