アジア太平洋地域の電動三輪車市場:モーター出力(1000W未満、1000-1500W、1500W)、バッテリー容量(3kWh未満、3-6kWh、6kWh)、エンドユース(旅客輸送、積載輸送)、走行距離、バッテリータイプ、積載量、国別 - 2028年までの世界予測Asia Pacific Electric Three-Wheeler Market by Motor Power (Below 1000 W, 1000–1500 W, 1500 W), Battery Capacity (Below 3 kWh, 3-6 kWh, 6 kWh), End-Use (Passenger Carrier, Load Carrier), Range, Battery Type, Payload Capacity & Country - Global Forecast to 2028 アジア太平洋地域の電動3輪車市場は、2023年の813 Million USDから2028年には892 Million USDに成長し、1.9%のCAGRを記録すると予測されています。アジア太平洋地域では、電気自動車の普及を促進する政府の政策や... もっと見る
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サマリーアジア太平洋地域の電動3輪車市場は、2023年の813 Million USDから2028年には892 Million USDに成長し、1.9%のCAGRを記録すると予測されています。アジア太平洋地域では、電気自動車の普及を促進する政府の政策やインセンティブ、燃料価格の上昇、大気汚染や気候変動に対する懸念の高まり、都市の混雑や汚染につながる急速な都市化、ラストマイル配送サービスの需要増をもたらす電子商取引業界の活況など、さまざまな要因によって電気3輪車の需要が増加しています。"レンジ別では、予測期間中、50マイルまでが数量で最大のセグメントを維持する" ほとんどの電動三輪車メーカーは、航続距離50マイルまでの電動三輪車を提供しています。電気三輪車は、10¬-12kmの範囲内で毎日の市内通勤をするための従来型車両の代替品と考えられている。低性能だが手頃な価格の電動三輪車は、通常、航続距離が最大50マイルである。ピアッジオグループ、サエラ・エレクトリック・オート社、キネティック・グリーン・ビークルズ社などのOEMが、最大50マイルの航続距離を持つ車両を提供しています。マヒンドラ・エレクトリック社の「e-Alfa Mini」は、1回の充電で30~35kmの航続距離を持ち、都市環境での貨物・乗客輸送に適しています。ピアジオ社の「Ape E-City」は、1回の充電で最大70kmの航続距離を持つ3輪車で、都市・郊外の使用に対応し、積載量は最大310kgまでとなっています。 "エンドユーザー別では、ロードキャリアが予測期間中に最も成長するセグメントとなる" アジア太平洋地域では、排気ガス削減への関心の高まりから、電動三輪ロードキャリアの需要が高まっています。様々な小売、物流、宅配業者が既に電動3輪車の採用を開始しています。電動3輪ロードキャリアの採用率は、より多くの車両の開発や技術の進歩に伴い、大きく伸びることが予想されます。市場で販売されている電動三輪ロードキャリアのモデルには、Treo Zor、Atul Elite Cargo、Piaggio Ape Electrik、電動三輪車(DLS III 150)、電動ロジスティックカートがある。 "タイは今後10年間に政府がEVの導入を計画しているため、最も成長する市場になる" タイには、3輪車(トゥクトゥク)の大きな市場がある。同国では、公害をもたらす3輪車が多く、EVへの移行を計画しています。これは、2035年までに2輪車、3輪車、乗用車のEV化を目指す同国の計画の一環として行われるものです。OEMの提携や、電動3輪車を使ったライドヘイリングサービスの開始は、タイにおけるこれらの車の需要をさらに押し上げるでしょう。ムービングなどの新興企業やグラブなどのグローバル企業も、電動3輪車を使ったライドヘイリングサービスに参入しています。また、タイは最近、電気自動車計画を支援するために41億米ドルの投資を約束しました。 この市場で活動する様々な主要組織のCEO、マーケティングディレクター、その他のイノベーション・テクノロジーディレクター、エグゼクティブに詳細なインタビューを実施した。 - 回答者のタイプ別ティアI:67%、ティアIIとティアIII:9%、OEM:24%。 - 役職別CXO:33%、マネージャー:52%、エグゼクティブ:15 - 国別インド50%、スリランカ6%、ネパール14%、バングラデシュ20%、その他10%。 アジア太平洋地域の電動三輪車市場は、Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd.(インド)、Atul Auto Ltd.(インド)など、世界的に確立した少数のプレーヤーによって支配されています。(インド)、Atul Auto Ltd.(インド)、Piaggio Group(イタリア)、Saera Electric Auto Pvt.(インド)、Kinetic Green Vehicles(インド)などです。これらの企業は、アジア太平洋地域の電動三輪車市場で牽引力を得るために、新製品の発売や取引などの戦略を採用しました。 調査対象範囲 本レポートでは、モーター出力、バッテリー容量、エンドユース、航続距離、バッテリータイプ、国別に、アジア太平洋地域の電動3輪車のエコシステムをカバーしています。アジア太平洋地域の電動3輪車エコシステムにおける競争環境と主要企業のプロファイルをカバーしています。また、主要な市場プレイヤーの詳細な競合分析、企業プロフィール、製品や事業の提供に関する主な見解、最近の開発、主要な市場戦略も掲載しています。 本レポートを購入する主なメリット - 本レポートは、アジア太平洋地域の電動3輪車エコシステム全体とそのサブセグメントについて、最も近似した収益数値の情報を提供し、この市場のマーケットリーダー/新規参入者の助けとなります。 - 本レポートは、関係者が競争環境を理解し、より多くの洞察を得ることで、事業の位置づけを高め、適切な市場参入戦略を計画するのに役立ちます。 - また、本レポートは、関係者が市場の脈絡を理解し、主要な市場促進要因、阻害要因、課題、および機会に関する情報を提供するのに役立つでしょう。 目次1 INTRODUCTION 211.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 21 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 22 TABLE 1 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE 22 TABLE 2 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 23 TABLE 3 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER 23 TABLE 4 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 24 TABLE 5 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE 24 TABLE 6 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY 24 1.2.1 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 25 FIGURE 1 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODEL INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 26 1.3 MARKET SCOPE 26 1.3.1 MARKET SEGMENTATION 26 1.3.2 COUNTRIES COVERED 27 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 27 1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 28 TABLE 7 CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES 28 1.5 STAKEHOLDERS 28 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 29 2.1 RESEARCH DATA 29 FIGURE 2 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 29 FIGURE 3 RESEARCH DESIGN MODEL 30 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 30 2.1.1.1 Key secondary sources 31 2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 32 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 32 2.1.2.1 Primary interviews – demand and supply sides 33 2.1.2.2 Key industry insights and breakdown of primary interviews 33 FIGURE 4 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 33 FIGURE 5 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS 34 2.1.2.3 List of primary participants 34 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 35 FIGURE 6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: HYPOTHESIS BUILDING 36 2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 36 FIGURE 7 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 37 2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 37 FIGURE 8 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 37 FIGURE 9 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY 38 2.3 RECESSION IMPACT ANALYSIS 38 2.4 DATA TRIANGULATION 39 FIGURE 10 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 39 FIGURE 11 MARKET GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES 40 2.5 FACTOR ANALYSIS 41 2.6 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 41 2.7 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 42 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 43 FIGURE 12 FACTORS DRIVING ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 44 FIGURE 13 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: MARKET DYNAMICS 45 FIGURE 14 INDIA TO DOMINATE ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET DURING 2023–2028 46 FIGURE 15 PASSENGER CARRIER END-USE SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 47 4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 48 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 48 FIGURE 16 LOW OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS TO DRIVE ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 48 4.2 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER 49 FIGURE 17 1,000-1,500 W MOTOR POWER SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET FROM 2023 TO 2028 49 4.3 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 49 FIGURE 18 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY TYPE TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR FROM 2023 TO 2028 49 4.4 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE 50 FIGURE 19 UP TO 50 MILES RANGE SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGER MARKET SHARE FROM 2023 TO 2028 50 4.5 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 50 FIGURE 20 3-6 KWH TO BE LARGEST BATTERY CAPACITY SEGMENT FROM 2023 TO 2028 50 4.6 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE 51 FIGURE 21 PASSENGER CARRIER END-USE SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET FROM 2023 TO 2028 51 4.7 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY 51 FIGURE 22 300-500 KG PAYLOAD CAPACITY SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET FROM 2023 TO 2028 51 4.8 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY 52 FIGURE 23 INDIA WAS LARGEST ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC IN 2022 52 5 MARKET OVERVIEW 53 5.1 INTRODUCTION 53 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 54 FIGURE 24 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 54 5.2.1 DRIVERS 55 FIGURE 25 KEY DRIVERS OF ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS MARKET 55 5.2.1.1 Low operating and maintenance costs 55 FIGURE 26 ELECTRICITY TARIFF FOR PERSONAL USE CASES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION 56 TABLE 8 AVERAGE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THREE-WHEELERS 56 5.2.1.2 Government incentives and subsidies 57 TABLE 9 INDIA: GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES, BY MODEL, 2022 57 TABLE 10 INDIA: GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES, BY STATE 59 5.2.1.3 Advancements in battery technology, coupled with reducing prices 61 FIGURE 27 ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY PRICING ANALYSIS 61 FIGURE 28 INDIA: BATTERY PRICES, BY BATTERY CAPACITY (KWH) 62 5.2.1.4 Established market for three-wheelers for urban transportation 62 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 63 FIGURE 29 KEY RESTRAINTS FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS MARKET 63 5.2.2.1 Low number of charging stations 63 FIGURE 30 NUMBER OF CHARGING POINTS ACROSS ASIA PACIFIC 64 TABLE 11 INDIA: SPECIFICATIONS OF CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE 64 5.2.2.2 Limited power output, vehicle range, and speed 65 TABLE 12 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER RANGE 65 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 66 FIGURE 31 KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS MARKET 66 5.2.3.1 Automobile manufacturer- and customer-oriented policies to promote sales 66 5.2.3.2 Stringent emission norms and environmental regulations 67 TABLE 13 KEY COUNTRIES: EMISSION REGULATION SPECIFICATIONS OVERVIEW, BY FUEL TYPE, 2016–2021 67 5.2.3.3 New revenue pockets in Asia Pacific 67 5.2.4 CHALLENGES 68 FIGURE 32 KEY CHALLENGES FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS MARKET 68 5.2.4.1 Limited battery capacity 69 TABLE 14 BATTERY CAPACITIES OF POPULAR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS 69 5.2.4.2 High initial investments 69 FIGURE 33 AVERAGE TOTAL COST OF CONVENTIONAL VS. ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS (2022) 70 FIGURE 34 AVERAGE TOTAL COST OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER COMPONENTS (2022) 70 5.2.4.3 Lack of compatibility, interchangeability, and standardization 70 TABLE 15 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: IMPACT OF MARKET DYNAMICS 71 5.3 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 72 FIGURE 35 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS OF ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 72 TABLE 16 IMPACT OF PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ON ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 73 5.3.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 73 5.3.2 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 73 5.3.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 73 5.3.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 73 5.3.5 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 74 5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 74 FIGURE 36 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 74 5.5 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS 76 5.5.1 GDP TRENDS AND FORECASTS FOR MAJOR ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIES 76 TABLE 17 GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST BY MAJOR ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIES, 2018–2026 (USD BILLION) 76 5.6 PRICING ANALYSIS 77 5.6.1 OEM-WISE PRICING ANALYSIS 77 TABLE 18 OEM ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER PRICING ANALYSIS (USD) (2023) 77 FIGURE 37 VOLUME WEIGHTED AVERAGE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACK AND CELL PRICE SPILT, 2013-2022 77 5.7 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET ECOSYSTEM 78 FIGURE 38 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 78 5.7.1 OEMS 78 5.7.2 RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS 79 5.7.3 BATTERY MANUFACTURERS 79 5.7.4 CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDERS 79 TABLE 19 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: ROLE OF COMPANIES IN ECOSYSTEM 79 5.8 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 81 5.8.1 PASSENGER CARRIER 81 5.8.2 LOAD CARRIER 81 5.8.3 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 81 TABLE 20 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP 2 END-USES (%) 81 5.8.4 BUYING CRITERIA 82 FIGURE 39 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP 2 END-USES 82 5.9 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 82 5.9.1 BATTERY SWAPPING IN ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 83 5.9.2 IOT IN ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 83 FIGURE 40 IOT-ENABLED SMART GRID 84 5.9.3 REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEMS 84 FIGURE 41 REGENERATIVE BRAKING IN ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 85 5.9.4 SOLID STATE BATTERY (SSB) 85 5.9.5 HYDROGEN FUEL CELL 86 FIGURE 42 COMPARISON OF HYDROGEN AND EV DRIVE 86 5.10 PATENT ANALYSIS 87 FIGURE 43 NUMBER OF PUBLISHED PATENTS (2012–2023) 87 TABLE 21 IMPORTANT PATENT REGISTRATIONS RELATED TO ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 87 5.11 CASE STUDIES 93 5.11.1 CASE STUDY 1: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER LOGISTICS FLEET OPERATIONS WITH CAPTIVE PLUG-IN CHARGING 93 5.11.2 CASE STUDY 2: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER LOGISTICS FLEET OPERATIONS WITH BATTERY SWAPPING 93 5.12 REGULATORY OVERVIEW 94 5.12.1 INDIA 94 TABLE 22 INDIAN REGULATORY FRAMEWORK: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ROLE OF ELECTRIC RICKSHAWS AND ELECTRIC AUTO RICKSHAWS 94 5.12.2 CHINA 95 5.12.3 THAILAND 95 5.12.4 VIETNAM 96 5.12.5 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 97 TABLE 23 ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 97 5.13 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS 98 FIGURE 44 BATTERY, CHARGING, AND CONNECTIVITY TECHNOLOGIES TO CATER GROWTH OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 98 5.14 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2023 99 TABLE 24 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 99 5.15 SCENARIO ANALYSIS (2023–2028) 99 5.15.1 MOST LIKELY SCENARIO 99 TABLE 25 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: MOST LIKELY SCENARIO, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 100 5.15.2 OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO 100 TABLE 26 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 100 5.15.3 PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO 101 TABLE 27 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 101 6 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER 102 6.1 INTRODUCTION 103 FIGURE 45 1,000–1,500 W SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 103 TABLE 28 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 104 TABLE 29 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 104 6.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 104 TABLE 30 POPULAR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS, BY MOTOR POWER 104 FIGURE 46 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER POWERTRAIN ARCHITECTURE 105 TABLE 31 FACTORS DECIDING MOTOR POWER OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 105 6.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS 106 TABLE 32 ASSUMPTIONS: BY MOTOR POWER 106 6.1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 106 6.2 BELOW 1,000 W 106 6.2.1 LOW COST OF OPERATIONS, NOISE POLLUTION, AND CARBON FOOTPRINT OF LOW-POWERED EVS TO DRIVE MARKET 106 TABLE 33 BELOW 1,000 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 107 TABLE 34 BELOW 1,000 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 107 6.3 1,000–1,500 W 108 6.3.1 TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC RICKSHAWS IN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES TO PROPEL MARKET 108 TABLE 35 1,000–1,500 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 109 TABLE 36 1,000–1,500 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 109 6.4 ABOVE 1,500 W 110 6.4.1 GROWTH OF CONSUMER DELIVERY SERVICES TO INCREASE DEMAND 110 TABLE 37 ABOVE 1,500 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 111 TABLE 38 ABOVE 1,500 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 111 6.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 112 7 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 113 7.1 INTRODUCTION 114 FIGURE 47 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 114 TABLE 39 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 115 TABLE 40 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 115 7.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 115 TABLE 41 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS, BY BATTERY TYPE 115 TABLE 42 MARKET SHARE: TOP EV BATTERY MANUFACTURERS (2022) 116 7.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS 116 TABLE 43 ASSUMPTIONS: BY BATTERY TYPE 116 7.1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 117 7.2 LEAD-ACID BATTERY 117 7.2.1 AFFORDABLE COST TO PLAY VITAL ROLE IN MARKET GROWTH 117 7.3 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY 118 7.3.1 LONG BATTERY LIFE AND DURABILITY TO DRIVE MARKET 118 7.4 OTHER BATTERY TYPES 119 TABLE 44 NON-MAINSTREAM BATTERY TYPES AND THEIR PROVIDERS 120 7.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 120 8 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY 121 8.1 INTRODUCTION 122 FIGURE 48 300–500 KG PAYLOAD CAPACITY TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 122 TABLE 45 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 122 TABLE 46 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 123 TABLE 47 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 123 TABLE 48 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 123 8.1.1 ASSUMPTIONS 124 TABLE 49 ASSUMPTIONS: BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY 124 8.1.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 124 8.2 UP TO 300 KG 124 8.2.1 NOISE-FREE OPERATIONS AND AFFORDABILITY TO DRIVE DEMAND 124 TABLE 50 UP TO 300 KG LOAD CAPACITY MODELS 125 8.3 300–500 KG 125 8.3.1 WIDE USE IN LAST MILE DELIVERIES TO BOOST MARKET 125 TABLE 51 300-500 KG LOAD CAPACITY MODELS 126 8.4 ABOVE 500 KG 126 8.4.1 MODERATE DISTANCE LOGISTICS AND SPECIAL APPLICATIONS TO SPUR DEMAND 126 TABLE 52 ABOVE 500 KG PAYLOAD CAPACITY MODELS 127 8.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 127 9 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 128 9.1 INTRODUCTION 129 TABLE 53 TYPES OF BATTERIES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 129 FIGURE 49 3-6 KWH SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SIZE 130 TABLE 54 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 130 TABLE 55 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 130 9.1.1 ASSUMPTIONS 131 9.1.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 131 9.2 BELOW 3 KWH 131 9.2.1 DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION TO DRIVE MARKET 131 TABLE 56 BELOW 3 KWH: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MODEL 132 9.3 3–6 KWH 132 9.3.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR INTRACITY TRAVEL TO PROPEL MARKET 132 TABLE 57 3-6 KWH: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MODEL 133 9.4 ABOVE 6 KWH 133 9.4.1 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS WITH PERSISTENT BATTERY SYSTEMS TO BOOST MARKET 133 TABLE 58 ABOVE 6 KWH: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MODEL 134 9.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 134 10 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE 135 10.1 INTRODUCTION 136 FIGURE 50 ABOVE 50 MILES SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 136 TABLE 59 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 137 TABLE 60 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 137 10.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 137 TABLE 61 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS, BY RANGE 137 10.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS 138 TABLE 62 ASSUMPTIONS: BY RANGE 138 10.1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 138 10.2 UP TO 50 MILES 138 10.2.1 DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS TO DRIVE SEGMENT 138 TABLE 63 UP TO 50 MILES: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 139 TABLE 64 UP TO 50 MILES: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 139 10.3 ABOVE 50 MILES 140 10.3.1 INCREASING BATTERY ENERGY DENSITY TO DRIVE SEGMENT 140 TABLE 65 ABOVE 50 MILES: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022(UNITS) 141 TABLE 66 ABOVE 50 MILES: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 141 10.4 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 142 11 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE 143 11.1 INTRODUCTION 144 FIGURE 51 LOAD CARRIER SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 144 TABLE 67 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 145 TABLE 68 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 145 11.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 145 TABLE 69 TOP-SELLING ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS, BY END-USE 145 11.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS 146 TABLE 70 ASSUMPTIONS: BY END-USE 146 11.1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 146 11.2 PASSENGER CARRIER 146 11.2.1 LOW TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS COMPARED WITH ICE COUNTERPARTS TO DRIVE MARKET 146 TABLE 71 PASSENGER CARRIER: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 147 TABLE 72 PASSENGER CARRIER: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 147 11.3 LOAD CARRIER 148 11.3.1 USE OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS IN LOGISTICS AND LAST-MILE DELIVERIES TO BOOST MARKET 148 TABLE 73 LOAD CARRIER: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 149 TABLE 74 LOAD CARRIER: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 149 11.4 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 150 12 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY 151 12.1 INTRODUCTION 152 FIGURE 52 INDIA WAS LARGEST MARKET IN 2022 153 FIGURE 53 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY 153 TABLE 75 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 154 TABLE 76 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 154 TABLE 77 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 154 TABLE 78 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION) 155 12.2 INDIA 155 12.2.1 INCREASING TREND OF LAST-MILE DELIVERY AND BATTERY SWAPPING TO BOOST MARKET 155 TABLE 79 INDIA: GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND INCENTIVES FOR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS, BY STATE 156 TABLE 80 COMPANIES ADOPTING ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER LOAD CARRIERS IN INDIA 157 FIGURE 54 E-CARTS AND GOODS E-AUTO ACCOUNT FOR LOAD- CARRIER SEGMENT, TOGETHER HELD 9-10% OF INDIAN ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET IN 2022 158 TABLE 81 DEVELOPMENTS REGARDING BATTERY SWAPPING STATIONS IN INDIA 159 TABLE 82 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 83 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 84 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 85 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 86 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 87 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 161 TABLE 88 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 161 TABLE 89 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 161 12.3 JAPAN 162 12.3.1 STRINGENT EMISSION STANDARDS AND PLANS FOR BATTERY SWAPPING TO PROPEL DEMAND 162 TABLE 90 TARGET FOR ADOPTION OF EVS IN JAPAN 162 TABLE 91 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 92 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 93 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 94 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 95 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 96 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 164 12.4 THAILAND 164 12.4.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR E-TUK-TUK FOR LOCAL TRANSPORT TO BOOST DEMAND 164 TABLE 97 TARGET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION IN THAILAND 165 TABLE 98 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 165 TABLE 99 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 165 TABLE 100 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 165 TABLE 101 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 166 TABLE 102 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 166 TABLE 103 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 166 12.5 BANGLADESH 167 12.5.1 FAVORABLE GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER IMPORTS TO DRIVE MARKET 167 FIGURE 55 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SCENARIO 167 TABLE 104 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER DEVELOPMENTS IN BANGLADESH 168 TABLE 105 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 168 TABLE 106 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 168 TABLE 107 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 168 TABLE 108 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 169 TABLE 109 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 169 TABLE 110 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 169 12.6 NEPAL 170 12.6.1 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER IMPORT POLICIES AND PLANS FOR DOMESTIC PRODUCTION TO INCREASE DEMAND 170 TABLE 111 POLICY FOR ADOPTION OF EVS IN NEPAL 170 TABLE 112 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 170 TABLE 113 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 114 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 115 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 116 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 117 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 171 12.7 SRI LANKA 172 12.7.1 RECOVERY FROM ECONOMIC CRISIS TO BOOST MARKET 172 TABLE 118 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY IMPORTERS IN SRI LANKA (2021) 173 TABLE 119 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 120 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 121 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 122 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 174 TABLE 123 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 174 TABLE 124 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 174 12.8 INDONESIA 175 12.8.1 REDUCTION OF IMPORT DUTIES ON COMPONENTS TO DRIVE MARKET 175 TABLE 125 POLICY FOR ADOPTION OF EVS IN INDONESIA 175 FIGURE 56 EV MANUFACTURING HUB SETUP ROADMAP IN INDONESIA 176 TABLE 126 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 176 TABLE 127 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 176 TABLE 128 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 177 TABLE 129 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 177 TABLE 130 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 177 TABLE 131 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 177 12.9 PHILIPPINES 178 12.9.1 ADOPTION OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS IN PROMINENT BUSINESS DISTRICTS AND URBAN AREAS TO DRIVE MARKET 178 TABLE 132 TARGET FOR EVS IN PHILIPPINES 178 TABLE 133 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 178 TABLE 134 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 135 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 136 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 137 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 138 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 180 12.10 VIETNAM 180 12.10.1 FAVORABLE GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR EVS TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY TO DRIVE MARKET 180 TABLE 139 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 180 TABLE 140 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 141 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 142 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 143 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 144 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 181 12.11 CHINA 182 12.11.1 GOVERNMENT MANDATES FOR EV MANUFACTURERS TO DRIVE MARKET 182 TABLE 145 EV BATTERY MANUFACTURERS IN CHINA 182 12.12 SINGAPORE 183 12.12.1 GROWING CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE TO DRIVE MARKET 183 TABLE 146 TARGET FOR EVS IN SINGAPORE 183 13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 184 13.1 OVERVIEW 184 13.2 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 184 TABLE 147 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 184 FIGURE 57 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 185 13.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP MARKET PLAYERS 187 FIGURE 58 TOP PLAYERS DOMINATING ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 187 13.4 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 187 13.4.1 DEALS 187 TABLE 148 DEALS, 2020–2023 188 13.4.2 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 189 TABLE 149 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS, 2020–2023 189 13.4.3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 190 TABLE 150 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS, 2020–2023 190 13.5 COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 191 13.5.1 STARS 191 13.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 191 13.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 191 13.5.4 EMERGING COMPANIES 191 FIGURE 59 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING OF KEY PLAYERS, 2022 192 13.6 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT–PRODUCT FOOTPRINT 193 TABLE 151 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT, 2022 193 TABLE 152 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COMPANY APPLICATION FOOTPRINT, 2022 193 TABLE 153 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COUNTRY FOOTPRINT, 2022 194 13.7 COMPETITIVE EVALUATION QUADRANT, START-UPS 194 13.7.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 194 13.7.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 194 13.7.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 195 13.7.4 STARTING BLOCKS 195 FIGURE 60 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING OF START-UPS, 2022 195 TABLE 154 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: LIST OF KEY START-UPS 196 14 COMPANY PROFILES 197 (Business overview, Products offered, Recent developments & MnM View)* 14.1 KEY PLAYERS 197 14.1.1 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD. 197 TABLE 155 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 197 FIGURE 61 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 198 TABLE 156 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER SALES (2019–2021) 198 FIGURE 62 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: MANUFACTURING PLANTS IN INDIA 199 TABLE 157 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 200 TABLE 158 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 201 TABLE 159 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: DEALS 202 TABLE 160 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: OTHERS 203 14.1.2 ATUL AUTO LTD. 204 TABLE 161 ATUL AUTO LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 204 FIGURE 63 ATUL AUTO LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 205 TABLE 162 ATUL AUTO LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 205 TABLE 163 ATUL AUTO LTD.: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 206 TABLE 164 ATUL AUTO LTD.: DEALS 206 TABLE 165 ATUL AUTO LTD.: OTHERS 207 14.1.3 PIAGGIO GROUP 208 TABLE 166 PIAGGIO GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 208 FIGURE 64 PIAGGIO GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 209 TABLE 167 PIAGGIO GROUP: PRODUCTS OFFERED 209 TABLE 168 PIAGGIO GROUP: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 210 TABLE 169 PIAGGIO GROUP: DEALS 211 TABLE 170 PIAGGIO GROUP: OTHERS 212 14.1.4 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD. 213 TABLE 171 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 213 TABLE 172 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 213 TABLE 173 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 215 TABLE 174 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: DEALS 215 TABLE 175 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: OTHERS 215 14.1.5 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES 217 TABLE 176 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 217 FIGURE 65 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 217 TABLE 177 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: PRODUCTS OFFERED 218 TABLE 178 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 218 TABLE 179 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: DEALS 219 TABLE 180 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: OTHERS 219 14.1.6 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD. 221 TABLE 181 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 221 TABLE 182 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 221 TABLE 183 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS (ELECTRIC CARGO) OFFERED 222 TABLE 184 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: DEALS 223 TABLE 185 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: OTHERS 223 14.1.7 SKYRIDE AUTOMOTIVE 224 TABLE 186 SKYRIDE AUTOMOTIVE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 224 TABLE 187 SKYRIDE AUTOMOTIVE: PRODUCTS OFFERED 224 14.1.8 YATRI ELECTRIC VEHICLE 226 TABLE 188 YATRI ELECTRIC VEHICLE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 226 TABLE 189 YATRI ELECTRIC VEHICLE: PRODUCTS OFFERED 226 TABLE 190 YATRI VEHICLES: PRODUCTS AND FEATURES 228 14.1.9 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD. 229 TABLE 191 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 229 TABLE 192 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 229 TABLE 193 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 230 TABLE 194 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: DEALS 230 TABLE 195 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: OTHERS 230 14.1.10 XIANGHE QIANGSHENG ELECTRIC TRICYCLE FACTORY 231 TABLE 196 XIANGHE QIANGSHENG ELECTRIC TRICYCLE FACTORY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 231 TABLE 197 XIANGHE QIANGSHENG ELECTRIC TRICYCLE FACTORY: PRODUCTS OFFERED 231 14.1.11 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES 235 TABLE 198 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 235 FIGURE 66 ELECTRIC UTILITY VEHICLES OFFERED BY LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES 235 TABLE 199 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES: PRODUCTS OFFERED 236 TABLE 200 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 237 14.1.12 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION 238 TABLE 201 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 238 TABLE 202 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED 238 TABLE 203 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 239 TABLE 204 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: DEALS 239 TABLE 205 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: OTHERS 240 14.1.13 KYBURZ 241 TABLE 206 KYBURZ: COMPANY OVERVIEW 241 TABLE 207 KYBURZ: PRODUCTS OFFERED 241 *Details on Business overview, Products offered, Recent developments & MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies. 14.2 OTHER PLAYERS 243 14.2.1 CHANGZHOU YUFENG VEHICLE CO., LTD. 243 14.2.2 JIANGSU EAST YONSLAND VEHICLE MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. 243 14.2.3 ELECTRIC VEHICLES (THAILAND) CO., LTD. 244 14.2.4 PROZZA HIROSE MANUFACTURING INC. 244 14.2.5 BAJAJ AUTO 245 14.2.6 GAYAM MOTOR WORKS PRIVATE LIMITED 245 14.2.7 BEMAC CORPORATION 246 14.2.8 SPEEGO VEHICLES CO. PVT. LIMITED 246 14.2.9 OMEGA SEIKI PRIVATE LIMITED 247 14.2.10 KSL CLEANTECH LIMITED 247 14.2.11 ALTIGREEN 248 14.2.12 GREEN SHUTTLE TECHNOLOGY PVT. LTD. 248 14.2.13 KAWAOKA MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC (NANTONG) CO., LTD. 249 14.2.14 BODO VEHICLE GROUP 249 14.2.15 J.S. AUTO (P) LTD. 250 14.2.16 BAAGH ECO MOTORS 250 14.2.17 BEEVATECH LIMITED 251 14.2.18 SL MOBILITY 251 15 RECOMMENDATIONS BY MARKETSANDMARKETS 252 15.1 INDIA: KEY FOCUS MARKET FOR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 252 15.2 LAST-MILE DELIVERY, LOGISTICS, SUPPLY CHAIN, AND WAREHOUSING TO CREATE NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR E-THREE-WHEELER MANUFACTURERS 252 15.3 CONCLUSION 253 16 APPENDIX 254 16.1 KEY INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS 254 16.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 254 16.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 257 16.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 259 16.5 RELATED REPORTS 259 16.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 260
SummaryThe Asia Pacific electric three-wheeler market is projected to grow from USD 813 Million in 2023 to USD 892 Million by 2028, registering a CAGR of 1.9%. In Asia Pacific, the demand for electric 3-wheelers has been increasing due to various factors such as government policies and incentives promoting the adoption of electric vehicles, rising fuel prices, growing concerns about air pollution and climate change, rapid urbanization leading to congestion and pollution in cities, and a booming e-commerce industry resulting in increased demand for last-mile delivery services. Table of Contents1 INTRODUCTION 211.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 21 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 22 TABLE 1 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE 22 TABLE 2 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 23 TABLE 3 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER 23 TABLE 4 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 24 TABLE 5 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE 24 TABLE 6 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY 24 1.2.1 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 25 FIGURE 1 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODEL INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 26 1.3 MARKET SCOPE 26 1.3.1 MARKET SEGMENTATION 26 1.3.2 COUNTRIES COVERED 27 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 27 1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 28 TABLE 7 CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES 28 1.5 STAKEHOLDERS 28 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 29 2.1 RESEARCH DATA 29 FIGURE 2 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 29 FIGURE 3 RESEARCH DESIGN MODEL 30 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 30 2.1.1.1 Key secondary sources 31 2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 32 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 32 2.1.2.1 Primary interviews – demand and supply sides 33 2.1.2.2 Key industry insights and breakdown of primary interviews 33 FIGURE 4 KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 33 FIGURE 5 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS 34 2.1.2.3 List of primary participants 34 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 35 FIGURE 6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: HYPOTHESIS BUILDING 36 2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 36 FIGURE 7 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 37 2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 37 FIGURE 8 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 37 FIGURE 9 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY 38 2.3 RECESSION IMPACT ANALYSIS 38 2.4 DATA TRIANGULATION 39 FIGURE 10 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 39 FIGURE 11 MARKET GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES 40 2.5 FACTOR ANALYSIS 41 2.6 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 41 2.7 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 42 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 43 FIGURE 12 FACTORS DRIVING ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 44 FIGURE 13 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: MARKET DYNAMICS 45 FIGURE 14 INDIA TO DOMINATE ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET DURING 2023–2028 46 FIGURE 15 PASSENGER CARRIER END-USE SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 47 4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 48 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 48 FIGURE 16 LOW OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS TO DRIVE ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 48 4.2 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER 49 FIGURE 17 1,000-1,500 W MOTOR POWER SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET FROM 2023 TO 2028 49 4.3 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 49 FIGURE 18 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY TYPE TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR FROM 2023 TO 2028 49 4.4 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE 50 FIGURE 19 UP TO 50 MILES RANGE SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGER MARKET SHARE FROM 2023 TO 2028 50 4.5 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 50 FIGURE 20 3-6 KWH TO BE LARGEST BATTERY CAPACITY SEGMENT FROM 2023 TO 2028 50 4.6 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE 51 FIGURE 21 PASSENGER CARRIER END-USE SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET FROM 2023 TO 2028 51 4.7 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY 51 FIGURE 22 300-500 KG PAYLOAD CAPACITY SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET FROM 2023 TO 2028 51 4.8 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY 52 FIGURE 23 INDIA WAS LARGEST ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC IN 2022 52 5 MARKET OVERVIEW 53 5.1 INTRODUCTION 53 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 54 FIGURE 24 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 54 5.2.1 DRIVERS 55 FIGURE 25 KEY DRIVERS OF ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS MARKET 55 5.2.1.1 Low operating and maintenance costs 55 FIGURE 26 ELECTRICITY TARIFF FOR PERSONAL USE CASES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION 56 TABLE 8 AVERAGE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THREE-WHEELERS 56 5.2.1.2 Government incentives and subsidies 57 TABLE 9 INDIA: GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES, BY MODEL, 2022 57 TABLE 10 INDIA: GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES, BY STATE 59 5.2.1.3 Advancements in battery technology, coupled with reducing prices 61 FIGURE 27 ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY PRICING ANALYSIS 61 FIGURE 28 INDIA: BATTERY PRICES, BY BATTERY CAPACITY (KWH) 62 5.2.1.4 Established market for three-wheelers for urban transportation 62 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 63 FIGURE 29 KEY RESTRAINTS FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS MARKET 63 5.2.2.1 Low number of charging stations 63 FIGURE 30 NUMBER OF CHARGING POINTS ACROSS ASIA PACIFIC 64 TABLE 11 INDIA: SPECIFICATIONS OF CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE 64 5.2.2.2 Limited power output, vehicle range, and speed 65 TABLE 12 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER RANGE 65 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 66 FIGURE 31 KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS MARKET 66 5.2.3.1 Automobile manufacturer- and customer-oriented policies to promote sales 66 5.2.3.2 Stringent emission norms and environmental regulations 67 TABLE 13 KEY COUNTRIES: EMISSION REGULATION SPECIFICATIONS OVERVIEW, BY FUEL TYPE, 2016–2021 67 5.2.3.3 New revenue pockets in Asia Pacific 67 5.2.4 CHALLENGES 68 FIGURE 32 KEY CHALLENGES FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS MARKET 68 5.2.4.1 Limited battery capacity 69 TABLE 14 BATTERY CAPACITIES OF POPULAR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS 69 5.2.4.2 High initial investments 69 FIGURE 33 AVERAGE TOTAL COST OF CONVENTIONAL VS. ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS (2022) 70 FIGURE 34 AVERAGE TOTAL COST OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER COMPONENTS (2022) 70 5.2.4.3 Lack of compatibility, interchangeability, and standardization 70 TABLE 15 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: IMPACT OF MARKET DYNAMICS 71 5.3 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 72 FIGURE 35 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS OF ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 72 TABLE 16 IMPACT OF PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ON ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 73 5.3.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 73 5.3.2 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 73 5.3.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 73 5.3.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 73 5.3.5 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 74 5.4 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 74 FIGURE 36 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 74 5.5 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS 76 5.5.1 GDP TRENDS AND FORECASTS FOR MAJOR ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIES 76 TABLE 17 GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST BY MAJOR ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIES, 2018–2026 (USD BILLION) 76 5.6 PRICING ANALYSIS 77 5.6.1 OEM-WISE PRICING ANALYSIS 77 TABLE 18 OEM ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER PRICING ANALYSIS (USD) (2023) 77 FIGURE 37 VOLUME WEIGHTED AVERAGE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACK AND CELL PRICE SPILT, 2013-2022 77 5.7 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET ECOSYSTEM 78 FIGURE 38 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 78 5.7.1 OEMS 78 5.7.2 RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS 79 5.7.3 BATTERY MANUFACTURERS 79 5.7.4 CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDERS 79 TABLE 19 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: ROLE OF COMPANIES IN ECOSYSTEM 79 5.8 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 81 5.8.1 PASSENGER CARRIER 81 5.8.2 LOAD CARRIER 81 5.8.3 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 81 TABLE 20 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP 2 END-USES (%) 81 5.8.4 BUYING CRITERIA 82 FIGURE 39 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP 2 END-USES 82 5.9 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 82 5.9.1 BATTERY SWAPPING IN ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 83 5.9.2 IOT IN ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 83 FIGURE 40 IOT-ENABLED SMART GRID 84 5.9.3 REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEMS 84 FIGURE 41 REGENERATIVE BRAKING IN ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 85 5.9.4 SOLID STATE BATTERY (SSB) 85 5.9.5 HYDROGEN FUEL CELL 86 FIGURE 42 COMPARISON OF HYDROGEN AND EV DRIVE 86 5.10 PATENT ANALYSIS 87 FIGURE 43 NUMBER OF PUBLISHED PATENTS (2012–2023) 87 TABLE 21 IMPORTANT PATENT REGISTRATIONS RELATED TO ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 87 5.11 CASE STUDIES 93 5.11.1 CASE STUDY 1: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER LOGISTICS FLEET OPERATIONS WITH CAPTIVE PLUG-IN CHARGING 93 5.11.2 CASE STUDY 2: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER LOGISTICS FLEET OPERATIONS WITH BATTERY SWAPPING 93 5.12 REGULATORY OVERVIEW 94 5.12.1 INDIA 94 TABLE 22 INDIAN REGULATORY FRAMEWORK: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ROLE OF ELECTRIC RICKSHAWS AND ELECTRIC AUTO RICKSHAWS 94 5.12.2 CHINA 95 5.12.3 THAILAND 95 5.12.4 VIETNAM 96 5.12.5 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 97 TABLE 23 ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 97 5.13 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS 98 FIGURE 44 BATTERY, CHARGING, AND CONNECTIVITY TECHNOLOGIES TO CATER GROWTH OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 98 5.14 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2023 99 TABLE 24 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 99 5.15 SCENARIO ANALYSIS (2023–2028) 99 5.15.1 MOST LIKELY SCENARIO 99 TABLE 25 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: MOST LIKELY SCENARIO, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 100 5.15.2 OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO 100 TABLE 26 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 100 5.15.3 PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO 101 TABLE 27 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 101 6 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER 102 6.1 INTRODUCTION 103 FIGURE 45 1,000–1,500 W SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 103 TABLE 28 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 104 TABLE 29 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 104 6.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 104 TABLE 30 POPULAR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS, BY MOTOR POWER 104 FIGURE 46 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER POWERTRAIN ARCHITECTURE 105 TABLE 31 FACTORS DECIDING MOTOR POWER OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 105 6.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS 106 TABLE 32 ASSUMPTIONS: BY MOTOR POWER 106 6.1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 106 6.2 BELOW 1,000 W 106 6.2.1 LOW COST OF OPERATIONS, NOISE POLLUTION, AND CARBON FOOTPRINT OF LOW-POWERED EVS TO DRIVE MARKET 106 TABLE 33 BELOW 1,000 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 107 TABLE 34 BELOW 1,000 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 107 6.3 1,000–1,500 W 108 6.3.1 TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC RICKSHAWS IN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES TO PROPEL MARKET 108 TABLE 35 1,000–1,500 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 109 TABLE 36 1,000–1,500 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 109 6.4 ABOVE 1,500 W 110 6.4.1 GROWTH OF CONSUMER DELIVERY SERVICES TO INCREASE DEMAND 110 TABLE 37 ABOVE 1,500 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 111 TABLE 38 ABOVE 1,500 W: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 111 6.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 112 7 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 113 7.1 INTRODUCTION 114 FIGURE 47 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 114 TABLE 39 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 115 TABLE 40 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 115 7.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 115 TABLE 41 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS, BY BATTERY TYPE 115 TABLE 42 MARKET SHARE: TOP EV BATTERY MANUFACTURERS (2022) 116 7.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS 116 TABLE 43 ASSUMPTIONS: BY BATTERY TYPE 116 7.1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 117 7.2 LEAD-ACID BATTERY 117 7.2.1 AFFORDABLE COST TO PLAY VITAL ROLE IN MARKET GROWTH 117 7.3 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY 118 7.3.1 LONG BATTERY LIFE AND DURABILITY TO DRIVE MARKET 118 7.4 OTHER BATTERY TYPES 119 TABLE 44 NON-MAINSTREAM BATTERY TYPES AND THEIR PROVIDERS 120 7.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 120 8 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY 121 8.1 INTRODUCTION 122 FIGURE 48 300–500 KG PAYLOAD CAPACITY TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 122 TABLE 45 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 122 TABLE 46 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 123 TABLE 47 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 123 TABLE 48 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 123 8.1.1 ASSUMPTIONS 124 TABLE 49 ASSUMPTIONS: BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY 124 8.1.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 124 8.2 UP TO 300 KG 124 8.2.1 NOISE-FREE OPERATIONS AND AFFORDABILITY TO DRIVE DEMAND 124 TABLE 50 UP TO 300 KG LOAD CAPACITY MODELS 125 8.3 300–500 KG 125 8.3.1 WIDE USE IN LAST MILE DELIVERIES TO BOOST MARKET 125 TABLE 51 300-500 KG LOAD CAPACITY MODELS 126 8.4 ABOVE 500 KG 126 8.4.1 MODERATE DISTANCE LOGISTICS AND SPECIAL APPLICATIONS TO SPUR DEMAND 126 TABLE 52 ABOVE 500 KG PAYLOAD CAPACITY MODELS 127 8.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 127 9 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY 128 9.1 INTRODUCTION 129 TABLE 53 TYPES OF BATTERIES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 129 FIGURE 49 3-6 KWH SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SIZE 130 TABLE 54 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 130 TABLE 55 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 130 9.1.1 ASSUMPTIONS 131 9.1.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 131 9.2 BELOW 3 KWH 131 9.2.1 DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION TO DRIVE MARKET 131 TABLE 56 BELOW 3 KWH: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MODEL 132 9.3 3–6 KWH 132 9.3.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR INTRACITY TRAVEL TO PROPEL MARKET 132 TABLE 57 3-6 KWH: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MODEL 133 9.4 ABOVE 6 KWH 133 9.4.1 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS WITH PERSISTENT BATTERY SYSTEMS TO BOOST MARKET 133 TABLE 58 ABOVE 6 KWH: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MODEL 134 9.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 134 10 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE 135 10.1 INTRODUCTION 136 FIGURE 50 ABOVE 50 MILES SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 136 TABLE 59 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 137 TABLE 60 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 137 10.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 137 TABLE 61 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS, BY RANGE 137 10.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS 138 TABLE 62 ASSUMPTIONS: BY RANGE 138 10.1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 138 10.2 UP TO 50 MILES 138 10.2.1 DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS TO DRIVE SEGMENT 138 TABLE 63 UP TO 50 MILES: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 139 TABLE 64 UP TO 50 MILES: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 139 10.3 ABOVE 50 MILES 140 10.3.1 INCREASING BATTERY ENERGY DENSITY TO DRIVE SEGMENT 140 TABLE 65 ABOVE 50 MILES: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022(UNITS) 141 TABLE 66 ABOVE 50 MILES: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 141 10.4 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 142 11 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE 143 11.1 INTRODUCTION 144 FIGURE 51 LOAD CARRIER SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 144 TABLE 67 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 145 TABLE 68 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 145 11.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 145 TABLE 69 TOP-SELLING ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MODELS, BY END-USE 145 11.1.2 ASSUMPTIONS 146 TABLE 70 ASSUMPTIONS: BY END-USE 146 11.1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 146 11.2 PASSENGER CARRIER 146 11.2.1 LOW TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS COMPARED WITH ICE COUNTERPARTS TO DRIVE MARKET 146 TABLE 71 PASSENGER CARRIER: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 147 TABLE 72 PASSENGER CARRIER: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 147 11.3 LOAD CARRIER 148 11.3.1 USE OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS IN LOGISTICS AND LAST-MILE DELIVERIES TO BOOST MARKET 148 TABLE 73 LOAD CARRIER: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 149 TABLE 74 LOAD CARRIER: ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 149 11.4 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 150 12 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY 151 12.1 INTRODUCTION 152 FIGURE 52 INDIA WAS LARGEST MARKET IN 2022 153 FIGURE 53 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY 153 TABLE 75 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 154 TABLE 76 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 154 TABLE 77 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION) 154 TABLE 78 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION) 155 12.2 INDIA 155 12.2.1 INCREASING TREND OF LAST-MILE DELIVERY AND BATTERY SWAPPING TO BOOST MARKET 155 TABLE 79 INDIA: GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND INCENTIVES FOR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS, BY STATE 156 TABLE 80 COMPANIES ADOPTING ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER LOAD CARRIERS IN INDIA 157 FIGURE 54 E-CARTS AND GOODS E-AUTO ACCOUNT FOR LOAD- CARRIER SEGMENT, TOGETHER HELD 9-10% OF INDIAN ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET IN 2022 158 TABLE 81 DEVELOPMENTS REGARDING BATTERY SWAPPING STATIONS IN INDIA 159 TABLE 82 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 83 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 84 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 85 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 86 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 160 TABLE 87 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 161 TABLE 88 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 161 TABLE 89 INDIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY PAYLOAD CAPACITY, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 161 12.3 JAPAN 162 12.3.1 STRINGENT EMISSION STANDARDS AND PLANS FOR BATTERY SWAPPING TO PROPEL DEMAND 162 TABLE 90 TARGET FOR ADOPTION OF EVS IN JAPAN 162 TABLE 91 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 92 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 93 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 94 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 95 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 163 TABLE 96 JAPAN: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 164 12.4 THAILAND 164 12.4.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR E-TUK-TUK FOR LOCAL TRANSPORT TO BOOST DEMAND 164 TABLE 97 TARGET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION IN THAILAND 165 TABLE 98 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 165 TABLE 99 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 165 TABLE 100 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 165 TABLE 101 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 166 TABLE 102 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 166 TABLE 103 THAILAND: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 166 12.5 BANGLADESH 167 12.5.1 FAVORABLE GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER IMPORTS TO DRIVE MARKET 167 FIGURE 55 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SCENARIO 167 TABLE 104 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER DEVELOPMENTS IN BANGLADESH 168 TABLE 105 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 168 TABLE 106 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 168 TABLE 107 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 168 TABLE 108 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 169 TABLE 109 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 169 TABLE 110 BANGLADESH: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 169 12.6 NEPAL 170 12.6.1 ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER IMPORT POLICIES AND PLANS FOR DOMESTIC PRODUCTION TO INCREASE DEMAND 170 TABLE 111 POLICY FOR ADOPTION OF EVS IN NEPAL 170 TABLE 112 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 170 TABLE 113 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 114 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 115 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 116 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 171 TABLE 117 NEPAL: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 171 12.7 SRI LANKA 172 12.7.1 RECOVERY FROM ECONOMIC CRISIS TO BOOST MARKET 172 TABLE 118 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY IMPORTERS IN SRI LANKA (2021) 173 TABLE 119 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 120 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 121 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 173 TABLE 122 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 174 TABLE 123 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 174 TABLE 124 SRI LANKA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 174 12.8 INDONESIA 175 12.8.1 REDUCTION OF IMPORT DUTIES ON COMPONENTS TO DRIVE MARKET 175 TABLE 125 POLICY FOR ADOPTION OF EVS IN INDONESIA 175 FIGURE 56 EV MANUFACTURING HUB SETUP ROADMAP IN INDONESIA 176 TABLE 126 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 176 TABLE 127 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 176 TABLE 128 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 177 TABLE 129 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 177 TABLE 130 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 177 TABLE 131 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 177 12.9 PHILIPPINES 178 12.9.1 ADOPTION OF ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS IN PROMINENT BUSINESS DISTRICTS AND URBAN AREAS TO DRIVE MARKET 178 TABLE 132 TARGET FOR EVS IN PHILIPPINES 178 TABLE 133 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 178 TABLE 134 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 135 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 136 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 137 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 179 TABLE 138 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 180 12.10 VIETNAM 180 12.10.1 FAVORABLE GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR EVS TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY TO DRIVE MARKET 180 TABLE 139 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 180 TABLE 140 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY END-USE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 141 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 142 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 143 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2019–2022 (UNITS) 181 TABLE 144 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET, BY RANGE, 2023–2028 (UNITS) 181 12.11 CHINA 182 12.11.1 GOVERNMENT MANDATES FOR EV MANUFACTURERS TO DRIVE MARKET 182 TABLE 145 EV BATTERY MANUFACTURERS IN CHINA 182 12.12 SINGAPORE 183 12.12.1 GROWING CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE TO DRIVE MARKET 183 TABLE 146 TARGET FOR EVS IN SINGAPORE 183 13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 184 13.1 OVERVIEW 184 13.2 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 184 TABLE 147 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 184 FIGURE 57 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 185 13.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP MARKET PLAYERS 187 FIGURE 58 TOP PLAYERS DOMINATING ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 187 13.4 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 187 13.4.1 DEALS 187 TABLE 148 DEALS, 2020–2023 188 13.4.2 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 189 TABLE 149 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS, 2020–2023 189 13.4.3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 190 TABLE 150 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS, 2020–2023 190 13.5 COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING FOR ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET 191 13.5.1 STARS 191 13.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 191 13.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 191 13.5.4 EMERGING COMPANIES 191 FIGURE 59 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING OF KEY PLAYERS, 2022 192 13.6 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT–PRODUCT FOOTPRINT 193 TABLE 151 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT, 2022 193 TABLE 152 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COMPANY APPLICATION FOOTPRINT, 2022 193 TABLE 153 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COUNTRY FOOTPRINT, 2022 194 13.7 COMPETITIVE EVALUATION QUADRANT, START-UPS 194 13.7.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 194 13.7.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 194 13.7.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 195 13.7.4 STARTING BLOCKS 195 FIGURE 60 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING OF START-UPS, 2022 195 TABLE 154 ASIA PACIFIC ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER MARKET: LIST OF KEY START-UPS 196 14 COMPANY PROFILES 197 (Business overview, Products offered, Recent developments & MnM View)* 14.1 KEY PLAYERS 197 14.1.1 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD. 197 TABLE 155 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 197 FIGURE 61 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 198 TABLE 156 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER SALES (2019–2021) 198 FIGURE 62 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: MANUFACTURING PLANTS IN INDIA 199 TABLE 157 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 200 TABLE 158 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 201 TABLE 159 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: DEALS 202 TABLE 160 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: OTHERS 203 14.1.2 ATUL AUTO LTD. 204 TABLE 161 ATUL AUTO LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 204 FIGURE 63 ATUL AUTO LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 205 TABLE 162 ATUL AUTO LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 205 TABLE 163 ATUL AUTO LTD.: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 206 TABLE 164 ATUL AUTO LTD.: DEALS 206 TABLE 165 ATUL AUTO LTD.: OTHERS 207 14.1.3 PIAGGIO GROUP 208 TABLE 166 PIAGGIO GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 208 FIGURE 64 PIAGGIO GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 209 TABLE 167 PIAGGIO GROUP: PRODUCTS OFFERED 209 TABLE 168 PIAGGIO GROUP: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 210 TABLE 169 PIAGGIO GROUP: DEALS 211 TABLE 170 PIAGGIO GROUP: OTHERS 212 14.1.4 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD. 213 TABLE 171 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 213 TABLE 172 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 213 TABLE 173 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 215 TABLE 174 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: DEALS 215 TABLE 175 SAERA ELECTRIC AUTO PVT. LTD.: OTHERS 215 14.1.5 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES 217 TABLE 176 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 217 FIGURE 65 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 217 TABLE 177 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: PRODUCTS OFFERED 218 TABLE 178 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 218 TABLE 179 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: DEALS 219 TABLE 180 KINETIC GREEN VEHICLES: OTHERS 219 14.1.6 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD. 221 TABLE 181 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 221 TABLE 182 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 221 TABLE 183 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS (ELECTRIC CARGO) OFFERED 222 TABLE 184 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: DEALS 223 TABLE 185 JIANGSU JINPENG GROUP CO., LTD.: OTHERS 223 14.1.7 SKYRIDE AUTOMOTIVE 224 TABLE 186 SKYRIDE AUTOMOTIVE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 224 TABLE 187 SKYRIDE AUTOMOTIVE: PRODUCTS OFFERED 224 14.1.8 YATRI ELECTRIC VEHICLE 226 TABLE 188 YATRI ELECTRIC VEHICLE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 226 TABLE 189 YATRI ELECTRIC VEHICLE: PRODUCTS OFFERED 226 TABLE 190 YATRI VEHICLES: PRODUCTS AND FEATURES 228 14.1.9 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD. 229 TABLE 191 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 229 TABLE 192 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 229 TABLE 193 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 230 TABLE 194 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: DEALS 230 TABLE 195 SHADO GROUP INTERNATIONAL PTE. LTD.: OTHERS 230 14.1.10 XIANGHE QIANGSHENG ELECTRIC TRICYCLE FACTORY 231 TABLE 196 XIANGHE QIANGSHENG ELECTRIC TRICYCLE FACTORY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 231 TABLE 197 XIANGHE QIANGSHENG ELECTRIC TRICYCLE FACTORY: PRODUCTS OFFERED 231 14.1.11 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES 235 TABLE 198 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 235 FIGURE 66 ELECTRIC UTILITY VEHICLES OFFERED BY LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES 235 TABLE 199 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES: PRODUCTS OFFERED 236 TABLE 200 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 237 14.1.12 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION 238 TABLE 201 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 238 TABLE 202 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED 238 TABLE 203 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS 239 TABLE 204 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: DEALS 239 TABLE 205 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: OTHERS 240 14.1.13 KYBURZ 241 TABLE 206 KYBURZ: COMPANY OVERVIEW 241 TABLE 207 KYBURZ: PRODUCTS OFFERED 241 *Details on Business overview, Products offered, Recent developments & MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies. 14.2 OTHER PLAYERS 243 14.2.1 CHANGZHOU YUFENG VEHICLE CO., LTD. 243 14.2.2 JIANGSU EAST YONSLAND VEHICLE MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. 243 14.2.3 ELECTRIC VEHICLES (THAILAND) CO., LTD. 244 14.2.4 PROZZA HIROSE MANUFACTURING INC. 244 14.2.5 BAJAJ AUTO 245 14.2.6 GAYAM MOTOR WORKS PRIVATE LIMITED 245 14.2.7 BEMAC CORPORATION 246 14.2.8 SPEEGO VEHICLES CO. PVT. LIMITED 246 14.2.9 OMEGA SEIKI PRIVATE LIMITED 247 14.2.10 KSL CLEANTECH LIMITED 247 14.2.11 ALTIGREEN 248 14.2.12 GREEN SHUTTLE TECHNOLOGY PVT. LTD. 248 14.2.13 KAWAOKA MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC (NANTONG) CO., LTD. 249 14.2.14 BODO VEHICLE GROUP 249 14.2.15 J.S. AUTO (P) LTD. 250 14.2.16 BAAGH ECO MOTORS 250 14.2.17 BEEVATECH LIMITED 251 14.2.18 SL MOBILITY 251 15 RECOMMENDATIONS BY MARKETSANDMARKETS 252 15.1 INDIA: KEY FOCUS MARKET FOR ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS 252 15.2 LAST-MILE DELIVERY, LOGISTICS, SUPPLY CHAIN, AND WAREHOUSING TO CREATE NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR E-THREE-WHEELER MANUFACTURERS 252 15.3 CONCLUSION 253 16 APPENDIX 254 16.1 KEY INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS 254 16.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 254 16.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 257 16.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 259 16.5 RELATED REPORTS 259 16.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 260
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