Summary

Covid-19の危機は、消費者と市民の生活における多くの側面でオンラインプラットフォームが果たす役割に光を当てている。

フランスの調査会社イダテ社（IDATE）の調査レポート「OTTプラットフォーム規制-米国と中国のプラットフォームの支配に対する調和し た欧州の規制枠組み」は、EU独自のルールを開発、課すことで、米国と中国のプラットフォームの優位性がもたらす大きな課題にどのよう に対応しようとしているのか分析している。

個人情報保護、コンテンツ制作の支援、プラットフォームへの課税、競争の規制などの観点から、欧州が実施している措置と戦略を詳しく述べている。また、欧州の 特定の国における国内規制の特徴や、GAFAに対して現地レベルで実施されている制裁措置にも注目している。

Summary

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Table of Contents

Tables and Contents

1. Executive Summary
• Europe lagging behind United States and China in the digitalisation race
• European realisation of the need to collaborate, but this notion clashes with national divergence

2. Introduction

3. Protection of personal data
3.1. Key issues for Europe
3.2. European regulatory framework
3.3. European regulatory framework still incomplete
3.4. Controversial text on both sides of the Atlantic
3.5. The option of transferring data outside the EU is strictly regulated
3.6. The EU–US Privacy Shield
3.7. Increasing number of fines across Europe for infringement of personal data
3.8. The free flow of non-personal data is being encouraged
3.9. The situation in some key countries in Europe
> Germany > United Kingdom > France
3.10. The situation in North America
> United States > Canada

4. Support for content creation
4.1. Key issues for Europe
4.2. Different regulatory frameworks until 2018
4.3. No European framework for regulation of audiovisual platforms …
4.4. General principles of the European approach to regulation of the audiovisual sector
4.5. European regulatory framework: the major regulatory steps in the audiovisual field
4.6. Main provisions of the 2018 Directive
4.7. Transposition into national law expected by 19 September 2020
4.8. Comparison of exposure and production financing contribution in national law (2010 AMS Directive)
4.9. Harmonisation of the European legal framework on copyright
4.10. The two key points of the Copyright Directive
4.11. A Directive that pits GAFA / proponents of a free internet and rightholders against each other
4.12. France, 1st country to transpose the Copyright Directive
4.13. The situation in North America
> United States > Canada

5. Taxation of OTT Platforms
5.1. Key issues for Europe
5.2. Very different taxation across the European Union
5.3. VAT, the EU’s main “harmonised” tax
5.4. The fight against tax evasion
5.5. The desire to harmonise the tax base at the European level
5.6. Moving towards a ʺGAFA taxʺ on a global scale?
5.7. Local hopes of creating national GAFA taxes while waiting for wider harmonisation
5.8. The situation in North America
> United States > Canada

6. Competition between OTT Platforms
6.1. Key issues for Europe
6.2. The European regulatory framework
6.3. Directive on electronic commerce (2000/31/CE)
6.4. A variety of measures mainly focusing on the media, telecoms and OTT platforms
6.5. Actions taken towards the DSM to harmonise single market rules and strengthen European industry against international competition
6.6. 2020 marks a new stage in the European industrial strategy and in the creation of fair competition conditions
6.7. ʺShaping Europe’s digital futureʺ: a major communication that aims to define the Commission’s priorities for the 2020-2025 period
6.8. Modernisation of Directive 2000/31/CE relating to electronic commerce
6.9. The “Industrial strategy” package
6.10. European Competition Network (ECN)
6.11. The situation in North America
> United States > Canada