Summary

The benefits of H2-ICE over other near-zero emission technologies are expected to drive the market. Hydrogen internal combustion engines have certain benefits over other near-zero or zero-emission technologies like battery electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles. The battery weight and size are major points of concern that sharply impact the payload capacity of the vehicles. Due to this Hydrogen IC engines can turn out to be a better option for heavy commercial vehicles with their ability to manage heavy load conditions. The range for H2-ICE vehicles will also be comparatively similar to BEV and FCEV but will have the advantage of faster refuelling and also can make use of the available refuelling stations by making a few modifications for hydrogen gas. The initial costs for H2-ICEs are expected to be lower than BEVs and FCEVs by a considerable margin, making it a better choice for heavy commercial vehicles.
“The On-Highway vehicles are estimated to have the largest share in the H2-ICE market.”
On-highway vehicles are expected to represent the largest market in the H2-ICE powertrain technology by 2030 & later years. This growth is mainly attributed to the increased demand for sustainable transportation solutions in the freight and logistics sectors. Countries such as India, China, and the US have extensive highway route networks that require long-haul trucks to travel long distances continuously with adequate performance. H2-ICE technology with engine capacity in the range of 8-10 liters will offer relatively longer driving ranges and reduced refueling capabilities. These countries have limited charging infrastructure over highways, due to which pure electric and fuel-cell trucks are not considered for long-distance running applications. As H2-ICE is based on traditional diesel engines, and hence, it is better aligned with the operational needs of fleet operators with limited additional substantial cost. Several OEMs & other stakeholders like AB Volvo (Sweden), Ashok Leyland (India), PACCAR Inc. (US), MAN (Germany), and Tata Motors Limited (India) are actively involved in the testing of these vehicles and expected to launch few commercial models from 2025 onwards. The widespread growth in the logistics & e-commerce sector surged the need for last-mile delivery and initiatives by these OEMs supported by other stakeholders to improve operational performance and hydrogen infrastructure, the market of H2-ICE in the truck segment is likely to become a reality with a promising adoption in next 3-4 years.
“Mining equipment are expected to be the promising off-highway segment for H2-ICE technology”
Mining equipment will possibly have noteworthy adoption of H2-ICE technology in some of the equipment categories such as wheel loaders and dump trucks. The transition to sustainable mining equipment from traditional diesel-powered equipment is crucial for reducing emissions and enhancing operational efficiency in hydrogen engines can play an important role in supporting this transition. Liebherr (Switzerland) is developing hydrogen engines (H966 and H964) which can be installed in heavy construction and mining equipment in later years. There is also a possibility that Off-highway equipment manufacturers design articulated dump trucks powered by hydrogen engines. At present, AB Volvo (Sweden) offers articulated dump trucks powered by fuel cells, but with the advancements in hydrogen technology, it is expected that H2-ICE engines will also be equipped with these vehicles deployed at the mining locations of Europe, and LATAM countries.
“North America is one of the prominent markets for H2-ICE technology.”
North America is likely to have substantial market adoption for H2-ICE vehicles mainly for the heavy trucking application. The region is known for its developments and research in H2-ICE technology with Cummins as a front runner followed by PACCAR and Allison Transmission among other stakeholders. In the US, a Class 8 long haul truck is the primary evaluation candidate for an H2-ICE powertrain with a range of 500 miles. The region also has the presence of a few component and technology developers for the H2-ICE. These include PHINIA Inc. (US), and BorgWarner Inc. (US), these companies are developing fuel injection technologies focused on hydrogen engines. The widespread landscape of the US and Canada has generated opportunities in the transportation and logistics sector. As the transportation sector is one of the major contributors of greenhouse gases, the region is essentially working to find sustainable solutions to withstand the performance of traditional IC engines without impacting environmental factors, which will subsequently boost the futuristic demand for H2-ICE engines in the region.

The breakup of primary respondents

 By Company: Tier 1 – 40%, OEMs -60%
 By Designation: Manager - 60%, Director Level - 30%, Others – 10%
 By Region: Europe - 30%, Asia Pacific - 50%, North America - 20%

The H2-ICE market will be dominated by global players, including Cummins Inc. (US), Deutz AG (US), Ashok Leyland (India), Paccar Inc. (US), AB Volvo (Sweden) HD Hyundai Infracore (South Korea), MAN (Germany), J C Bamford Excavators Ltd. (UK), Liebherr (Switzerland), KEYOU GmbH (Germany). The study includes an in-depth competitive analysis of these key players in the H2-ICE market with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Research Coverage
The study's primary objective is to define, describe, and forecast the H2-ICE market by volume. The study segments the H2-ICE Market By Vehicle Type (On-Highway vehicles (Trucks and Buses), Off-Highway vehicles (Construction Equipment, Mining Equipment, Farm Tractors, and Industrial Forklifts)), By Combustion Approach (PFI SI, ECDI SI, and HPDI), By Power Output (Below 300 HP, and Above 300 HP) & Region (North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific). It analyzes the opportunities offered by various market segments to the stakeholders. It tracks and analyzes competitive developments such as market ranking analysis, total cost of ownership, technology comparison, and future potential of H2-ICE Vs. BEV Vs. Diesel and other activities carried out by key industry participants.

The report provides insights on the following pointers:
• Analysis of key drivers ( Stringent GHG emission norms, Government and OEMs push to develop H2-ICE and Benefits of hydrogen over other near-zero emission technologies), restraints ( storage and transpiration of H2 ), opportunities ( H2-ICE components demand would create potential market for Tier 1 Suppliers ), and challenges ( High initial costs for H2 engines and infrastructure and Challenges associated with H2 ICE engines) are fueling the demand of the H2-ICE market.
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product & service launches in the H2-ICE market.
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the H2-ICE market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market ranking, growth strategies, and product offerings of leading players in the H2-ICE market, such as Cummins Inc. (US), Deutz AG (US), Ashok Leyland (India), Paccar Inc. (US), AB Volvo (Sweden) HD Hyundai Infracore (South Korea), MAN (Germany), J C Bamford Excavators Ltd. (UK), Liebherr (Switzerland), KEYOU GmbH (Germany).
• The report showcases an in-depth analysis of the total cost of ownership between Diesel Vs. H2-ICE Vs. FCEV. It studies factors like initial costs, fuel costs, maintenance costs, and a few additional costs.
• The report showcases a comparison between H2-ICE Vs. FCEV Vs. Diesel Vs. Biofuel based on load capacity, technologies associated for combustion, infrastructural requirements, emissions and fuel relations.

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 14
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 14
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 15
1.2.1 PFI-SI 15
1.2.2 ECDI-SI 15
1.2.3 HPDI 15
1.2.4 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 15
1.3 MARKET SCOPE 16
1.4 UNITS CONSIDERED 16
1.5 STAKEHOLDERS 16
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 17
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 18
2.1.1.1 List of secondary sources for estimating vehicle production,
sales, and market sizing 19
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 20
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 20
2.1.2.1 List of primary interview participants 21
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 22
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 22
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 23
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS AND ASSOCIATED RISKS 24
2.5 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 25
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 26
3.1 H2-ICE MARKET IN ON AND OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES 26
3.2 H2-ICE IN ON-HIGHWAY VEHICLES 27
3.3 H2-ICE IN OFF-HIGHWAY EQUIPMENT 28
3.4 H2-ICE MARKET: REGIONAL ANALYSIS 28
3.5 H2-ICE IN CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 29
3.6 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP 30
 
4 MARKET OVERVIEW 31
4.1 INTRODUCTION 31
4.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 32
4.2.1 DRIVERS 32
4.2.1.1 Stringent GHG emission norms by governments to push OEMs to develop H2-ICE 32
4.2.2 RESTRAINTS 35
4.2.2.1 Storage limitations and transportation of hydrogen 35
4.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 36
4.2.3.1 Increasing demand for key H2-ICE components 36
4.2.4 CHALLENGES 36
4.2.4.1 Issues associated with hydrogen engines 36
4.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 38
4.4 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 38
4.4.1 HYDROGEN-POWERED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES:
OVERCOMING CHALLENGES FOR ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES 38
4.4.2 HYDROGEN-POWERED VEHICLES: PATH TOWARD SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT 39
4.5 PATENT ANALYSIS 39
4.5.1 INTRODUCTION 39
4.6 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO 45
4.7 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 46
4.8 COMPANY-LEVEL ECOSYSTEM 46
4.9 HIERARCHY ECOSYSTEM 47
4.10 REGULATORY ANALYSIS 48
4.10.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 48
4.11 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS IN 2024–2025 49
4.12 H2-ICE ADOPTION ROADMAP TO 2035 49
4.13 HYDROGEN FUEL SUPPLY CHAIN 50
5 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP ANALYSIS 53
6 H2-ICE MARKET, SUPPLY MATRIX 55
6.1 INTRODUCTION 55
6.2 IN-HOUSE (CAPTIVE) SOURCING 55
6.3 OUTSOURCED (NON-CAPTIVE) SOURCING 56
7 TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON 57
7.1 INTRODUCTION 57
 
8 H2-ICE MARKET, IMPACT ON ENGINE COMPONENTS 60
8.1 IMPACT ON ENGINE COMPONENTS, H2-ICE VS. DIESEL 60
9 H2-ICE MARKET, FUTURE POTENTIAL OF H2-ICE VS. BEV VS. DIESEL 62
9.1 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF H2-ICE VS. BEV VS. DIESEL 62
10 H2-ICE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE 63
10.1 INTRODUCTION 64
10.2 ON-HIGHWAY VEHICLES 65
10.2.1 TRUCKS 65
10.2.1.1 Contributing to decarbonization of heavy transportation sector 65
10.2.2 BUSES 66
10.2.2.1 Europe to witness rapid adoption of hydrogen engines in buses 66
10.3 OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES 67
10.3.1 INTRODUCTION 67
10.3.2 CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT 68
10.3.2.1 Crawler excavators and backhoe loaders to drive segmental growth 68
10.3.3 BACKHOE LOADERS 68
10.3.4 CRAWLER EXCAVATORS 68
10.3.5 ARTICULATED DUMP TRUCKS 69
10.3.6 WHEEL LOADERS 70
10.3.7 CONCRETE MIXERS 70
10.3.8 TRACTORS 71
10.3.8.1 Europe to lead market 71
10.3.9 FORKLIFTS 72
10.3.9.1 North America to record fastest growth 72
10.4 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 72
11 H2-ICE MARKET, BY COMBUSTION APPROACH 73
11.1 INTRODUCTION 73
11.2 PORT FUEL INJECTION WITH SPARK IGNITION (PFI-SI) 74
11.3 HIGH-PRESSURE DIRECT INJECTION (HPDI) 75
11.4 EARLY CYCLE DIRECT INJECTION WITH SPARK IGNITION (ECDI-SI) 76
11.5 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 76
12 H2-ICE MARKET, BY POWER OUTPUT 77
12.1 INTRODUCTION 77
12.2 BELOW 300 HP 77
12.3 ABOVE 300 HP 78
12.4 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 78
 
13 H2-ICE MARKET, BY REGION 79
13.1 INTRODUCTION 80
13.2 ASIA PACIFIC 81
13.2.1 CHINA 82
13.2.1.1 To be largest market by 2035 82
13.2.2 INDIA 82
13.2.2.1 Financial incentives to boost green hydrogen production 82
13.2.3 SOUTH KOREA 82
13.2.3.1 Significant government funding to support hydrogen infrastructure development initiatives 82
13.2.4 JAPAN 83
13.2.4.1 Construction of network of hydrogen refueling stations to drive market 83
13.3 EUROPE 83
13.3.1 GERMANY 84
13.3.1.1 Implementation of Euro 6 emission standards to drive market 84
13.3.2 FRANCE 84
13.3.2.1 Aim to reduce industrial emissions through hydrogen utilization to drive market 84
13.3.3 UK 85
13.3.3.1 Investments in hydrogen refueling stations to drive market 85
13.3.4 SPAIN 85
13.3.4.1 Goal to establish vast network of hydrogen refueling stations to drive market 85
13.4 NORTH AMERICA 85
13.4.1 US 87
13.4.1.1 Initiatives to curb emissions from long-haul trucks to drive market 87
13.4.2 CANADA 87
13.4.2.1 Efforts to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 to drive market 87
13.5 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 87
14 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 88
14.1 OVERVIEW 88
14.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2020–2024 88
14.3 MARKET RANKING ANALYSIS, 2024 89
14.4 FINANCIAL METRICS 90
14.5 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON 91
14.6 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 92
14.6.1 DEVELOPMENTS, 2021–2024 92
14.7 SUPPLIER ANALYSIS 95
14.8 OTHER TECHNOLOGY/COMPONENT PROVIDERS 96
14.8.1 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH 96
14.8.2 EATON 97
14.8.3 GARRETT MOTION INC. 98
14.8.4 FORVIA SE 99
14.8.5 MAHLE GMBH 100
15 COMPANY PROFILES 101
15.1 KEY PLAYERS 101
15.1.1 CUMMINS INC. 101
15.1.1.1 Business overview 101
15.1.1.2 Recent developments 103
15.1.2 DEUTZ AG 104
15.1.2.1 Business overview 104
15.1.2.2 Recent developments 106
15.1.3 ASHOK LEYLAND 107
15.1.3.1 Business overview 107
15.1.3.2 Recent developments 109
15.1.4 PACCAR INC. 110
15.1.4.1 Business overview 110
15.1.4.2 Recent developments 112
15.1.5 AB VOLVO 113
15.1.5.1 Business overview 113
15.1.5.2 Recent developments 115
15.1.6 HD HYUNDAI INFRACORE 116
15.1.6.1 Business overview 116
15.1.6.2 Recent developments 118
15.1.7 MAN 119
15.1.7.1 Business overview 119
15.1.8 J C BAMFORD EXCAVATORS LTD. 121
15.1.8.1 Business overview 121
15.1.8.2 Recent developments 122
15.1.9 LIEBHERR 123
15.1.9.1 Business overview 123
15.1.9.2 Recent developments 124
15.1.10 KEYOU GMBH 125
15.1.10.1 Business overview 125
15.1.10.2 Recent developments 126
16 FINAL TAKEAWAYS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 127
16.1 H2-ICE MARKET FOR ON-HIGHWAY VEHICLES TO GAIN TRACTION 127
16.2 PFI-SI COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY TO GAIN TRACTION IN H2-ICE MARKET 127
16.3 EUROPE TO BE PROMISING H2-ICE MARKET IN SHORT TERM 128
16.4 CONCLUSION 128