Summary
金属の3D印刷パーツの後処理は幅広いカテゴリーで、長い間、付加製造のワークフローにおいて最も時間がかかる部分であると考えられてきた。それはしばしば印刷プロセス自体よりも費用も時間もかかるもので、ある意味、金属による付加製造の特徴ともいえるものであった。米国調査会社スマーテックマーケッツパブリッシング(SmarTech Markets Publishing)の調査レポート「金属付加製造(積層造形)の後処理の戦略的査定」は、一般的な後処理のステップに注目し、それによって何ができて何が課題であるかについて述べている。ワークフローにおいて留意すべき、あるいは注目されないコストについて述べている。多くのOEMやサービスプロバイダ、特定のケーススタディ、現在進行中の研究について論じている。エンドツーエンドソリューションや自動化、データ最適化、ソフトウェアソリューションなどの今後の動向について論じ、後処理に関する法規制の現状についても記載している。
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Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Challenges in Post-Processing Metal Parts
2.1 Powder Removal
2.2 Powder Recycling
2.3 Part Removal
2.4 Support Removal
2.4.1 Support Removal with Powder Bed Fusion
2.4.2 Support Removal with Material Extrusion Systems
2.5 Washing / De-Binding
2.6 Thermal Post-Processing
2.6.1 Sintering
2.6.2 Infiltration and Impregnation
2.6.3 Heat Treatment
2.6.4 Solution Treatment Aging (STA)/Age Hardening
2.6.5 Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)
2.7 Machining
2.8 Surface Finishing
2.8.1 Contact Surface Finishing
2.8.1.1 Sand Blasting and Shot Peening
2.8.1.2 Centrifugal Disc Finishing (CDF)
2.8.1.3 Centrifugal Barrel Finishing (CBF)
2.8.1.4 Reverse Drag Finishing (RDF)
2.8.2 Laser Surface Finishing
2.8.2.1 Benefits of Laser Surface Finishing
2.8.2.2 Limitations of Laser Surface Finishing
2.8.2.3 Laser Surface Finishing Methods
2.8.3 Electron Beam Polishing
2.8.4 Electropolishing and Electrochemical Machining (ECM)
2.8.5 Chemical Polishing
2.8.6 Chemically Accelerated Vibratory Finishing
2.8.7 Abrasive Flow Machining
Chapter Three: Cost Considerations for Post-Processing Metal AM Parts
3.1 Relative Cost Drivers by Printer Technology
3.2 Relative Cost Drivers by Process
3.2.1 Part Separation and Support Removal
3.2.2 Heat Treatment, HIP and Precipitation Hardening
3.2.3 Surface Finishing
3.3 Hidden Costs
3.3.1 Underestimation of Surface Finish Time
3.3.2 Inadequate Tools for Interior Finishing
3.3.3 Tolerance Issues
3.3.4 Process Knowledge
3.3.5 Skills Gap
3.3.6 Powder Recycling
3.4 Comprehensive Costs
3.5 A Comparison Across Common Alloys
Chapter Four: Post-processing OEMs and Service Providers
4.1 Post-processing Equipment OEMs
4.1.1 Powder Removal / Recycling
4.1.2 Thermal Treatment / HIP
4.1.3 Surface Finishing
4.1.6.1 Laser Surface Finishing
4.1.6.2 Electron Beam Polishing
4.1.6.3 Electropolishing
4.1.3.4 Electro-chemical Finishing
4.1.3.5 Combined Systems
4.1.4 Hybrid Machining
4.1.5 Sintering and Debinding
4.1.6 Integrated Systems
4.2 Post-processing Service Providers
4.3 Summary
Chapter Five: Design Considerations to Minimize and Optimize Post-Processing
5.1 Powder Removal
5.2 Support Structures
5.3 Orientation
5.4 Internal Passages
5.5 Thermal Processing
5.6 Surface Finishing
5.7 Machining
5.8 Software
Chapter Six: Case Studies and Research
6.1 Chemically Accelerated Vibratory Finishing
6.2 Electropolishing and Chemical Polishing
6.3 Magneto-Rheological Fluid Finishing of Copper
6.4 Laser Polishing of a Superalloy
6.5 Abrasive Flow Machining
6.6 Heat Treatment of Ti6Al4V
6.7 Heat Treatment of AlSi10Mg
6.8 The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Quasi-Static Behavior and Porosity of SLM Produced Inconel 718
6.9 Cracking During Thermal Treatment of PBF- Printed CM247LC Nickel Superalloy
6.10 Surface Finishing of PBF Parts by AFM and Electrochemical Machining in Tandem
Chapter Seven: Future Trends
7.1 End-to-end Solutions and Automation
7.2 Data Optimization and Industrial IoT
7.3 Software Solutions
7.4 Standards and Regulations
About SmarTech Analysis
About the Analyst
Acronyms and Abbreviations Used In this Report