1. Executive Summary
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Market Trends
1.3 Market Forecast Heading
2. Market Issues
2.1 EV Adoption and Charging Infrastructure Landscape
2.2 VPPs Support Growing EV Charging Demands
2.3 VGI-Based VPP Management Platforms
2.4 Managed Charging Applications for VPPs Defined
2.4.1 V1G-Based versus V2G-Based VPPs
2.5 Market Drivers
2.5.1 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Order 2222
2.5.2 New Utility Business Models
2.5.3 COVID-19 and EV Adoption
2.5.4 EV-Only Mandates
2.6 Market Barriers
2.6.1 Rate-Based Traditional Infrastructure
2.6.1.1 Prohibitive US Regulations
2.6.2 Lack of Accessible PEV Charging Infrastructure
2.6.2.1 Absence of Optimized Siting
2.6.2.2 Proprietary Technology and Closed Charging Networks
2.6.3 Negative V2G Perceptions
2.7 International Managed Charging Landscape
2.7.1 North America
2.7.1.1 Case Study: Enel X Supports VGI-Based VPP in California
2.7.1.2 Nuvve Corporation V2G-Enabled Bus Fleets in California and Hawaii
2.7.2 Europe
2.7.2.1 Next Kraftwerke and Jedlix Managed Charging in the Netherlands
2.7.2.2 Italy’s Fiat Chrysler V2G Pilot Project
2.7.2.3 V2G Test Project Sciurus in the UK
2.7.3 Asia Pacific
2.7.3.1 Japanese Car Manufacturers Are Engaged in V2G Pilots
2.7.3.2 Jeju Island
2.7.4 Rest of the World
3. Key Industry Players
3.1 ABB
3.2 AutoGrid Systems
3.3 Enbala
3.4 Enel X
3.5 EnergyHub
3.6 Moixa
3.7 Next Kraftwerke
3.8 Siemens
4. Market Forecast
4.1 Forecast Assumptions
4.1.1 Report Scope and Market Sizing
4.2 VGI-Based VPP Deployment
4.2.1 V1G Capacity, Implementation Spending, and Revenue
4.2.2 V2G Capacity, Implementation Spending, and Revenue
4.3 Conclusions and Recommendations
5. Acronym and Abbreviation List
6. Table of Contents
7. Table of Charts and Figures
8. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes