The Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2020 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies, Industry Verticals & Forecasts
プライベートLTEと5Gネットワークのエコシステム 2020-2030年：ビジネスチャンス、課題、戦略、産業垂直市場、市場予測
英国とドバイに拠点をおく調査会社SNSテレコム&IT (SNS Telecom & IT)の調査レポートの調査レポート 「プライベートLTEと5Gネットワークのエコシステム 2020-2030年：ビジネスチャンス、課題、戦略... もっと見る
Summary
 英国とドバイに拠点をおく調査会社SNSテレコム&IT (SNS Telecom & IT)の調査レポートの調査レポート「プライベートLTEと5Gネットワークのエコシステム 2020-2030年：ビジネスチャンス、課題、戦略、産業垂直市場、市場予測」は、プライベートLTEと5Gネットワークの市場促進要因、課題、対応技術、産業垂直市場のビジネスチャンス、用途、主要動向、標準化、周波数使用・割当、法規制、採用のケーススタディ、ビジネスチャンス、今後のロードマップ、バリューチェーン、エコシステムの企業概要と戦略などを詳細に評価している。2020-2030年のプライベートLTEと5Gのネットワークのインフラ投資について、3つのサブ市場毎、2つの無線技術毎、10の垂直市場毎、6つの地域毎に予測している。
目次（抜粋）
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プライベートLTEと5Gのネットワークの概観
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プライベートLTEと5Gのネットワークのシステムアーキテクチャと技術
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プライベートLTEと5Gのネットワークの主要垂直市場、ケーススタディ、エンゲージメント
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周波数の可用性、周波数割当、利用
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標準化、法規制、共働のイニシアチブ
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プライベートLTEと5Gのネットワーク産業のロードマップとバリューチェーン
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プライベートLTEと5Gのネットワークの主要企業
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プライベートLTEと5Gのネットワーク市場規模と予測
Synopsis:
With the standardization of features such as MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data) services and URLCC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications) by the 3GPP, LTE and 5G NR (New Radio) networks are rapidly gaining recognition as an all-inclusive critical communications platform for the delivery of both mission and business critical applications.
By providing authority over wireless coverage and capacity, private LTE and 5G networks ensure guaranteed and secure connectivity, while supporting a wide range of applications – ranging from PTT group communications and real-time video delivery to wireless control and automation in industrial environments. Organizations across the critical communications and industrial IoT (Internet of Things) domains – including public safety agencies, militaries, utilities, oil & gas companies, mining groups, railway & port operators, manufacturers and industrial giants – are making sizeable investments in private LTE networks.
The very first private 5G networks are also beginning to be deployed to serve a diverse array of usage scenarios spanning from connected factory robotics and massive-scale sensor networking to the control of AVGs (Automated Guided Vehicles) and AR/VR (Augmented & Virtual Reality). For example, Daimler's Mercedes-Benz Cars division is establishing a local 5G network to support automobile production processes at its "Factory 56" in Sindelfingen, while the KMA (Korea Military Academy) is installing a dedicated 5G network in its northern Seoul campus to facilitate mixed reality-based military training programs – with a primary focus on shooting and tactical simulations.
In addition, with the emergence of neutral-host small cells, multi-operator connectivity and unlicensed/shared spectrum access schemes, the use of private LTE and 5G networks in enterprise buildings, campuses and public venues is expected to grow significantly over the coming years. The practicality of spectrum sharing schemes such as the three-tiered CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) framework and Japan's unlicensed sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform) has already been proven with initial rollouts in locations such as corporate campuses, golf courses, race tracks, stadiums, airports and warehouses.
A number of independent neutral-host and wholesale operators are also stepping up with pioneering business models to provide LTE and 5G connectivity services to both mobile operators and enterprises, particularly in indoor settings and locations where it is technically or economically not feasible for traditional operators to deliver substantial wireless coverage and capacity.
Expected to reach $4.7 Billion in annual spending by the end of 2020, private LTE and 5G networks are increasingly becoming the preferred approach to deliver wireless connectivity for critical communications, industrial IoT, enterprise & campus environments, and public venues. The market will further grow at a CAGR of 19% between 2020 and 2023, eventually accounting for nearly $8 Billion by the end of 2023.
SNS Telecom & IT estimates that as much as 30% of these investments – approximately $2.5 Billion – will be directed towards the build-out of private 5G networks which will become preferred wireless connectivity medium to support the ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution for the automation and digitization of factories, warehouses, ports and other industrial premises, in addition to serving other verticals.
The “Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2020 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies, Industry Verticals & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the private LTE and 5G network ecosystem including market drivers, challenges, enabling technologies, vertical market opportunities, applications, key trends, standardization, spectrum availability/allocation, regulatory landscape, deployment case studies, opportunities, future roadmap, value chain, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for private LTE and 5G network infrastructure investments from 2020 till 2030. The forecasts cover three submarkets, two air interface technologies, 10 vertical markets and six regions.
The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report.
Pricing: The report is available for the following price:
Single User License: USD 2,500
Company Wide License: USD 3,500
Key Findings:
The report has the following key findings:
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Expected to reach $4.7 Billion in annual spending by the end of 2020, private LTE and 5G networks are increasingly becoming the preferred approach to deliver wireless connectivity for critical communications, industrial IoT, enterprise & campus environments, and public venues. The market will further grow at a CAGR of 19% between 2020 and 2023, eventually accounting for nearly $8 Billion by the end of 2023.
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SNS Telecom & IT estimates that as much as 30% of these investments – approximately $2.5 Billion – will be directed towards the build-out of private 5G networks which will become preferred wireless connectivity medium to support the ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution for the automation of factories, warehouses, ports and other industrial premises, besides serving additional verticals.
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Favorable spectrum licensing regimes – such as the German Government's decision to reserve frequencies in the 3.7 – 3.8 GHz range for localized 5G networks – will be central to the successful adoption of private 5G networks.
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A number of other countries – including Sweden, United Kingdom, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia – are also moving forward with their plans to identify and allocate spectrum for localized, private 5G networks with a primary focus on the 3.7 GHz, 26 GHz and 28 GHz frequency bands.
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The very first private 5G networks are also beginning to be deployed to serve a diverse array of usage scenarios spanning from connected factory robotics and massive-scale sensor networking to the control of AVGs (Automated Guided Vehicles) and AR/VR (Augmented & Virtual Reality).
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For example, Daimler's Mercedes-Benz Cars division is establishing a local 5G network to support automobile production processes at its "Factory 56" in Sindelfingen, while the KMA (Korea Military Academy) is installing a dedicated 5G network in its northern Seoul campus to facilitate mixed reality-based military training programs – with a primary focus on shooting and tactical simulations.
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The private LTE network submarket is well-established with operational deployments across multiple segments of the critical communications and industrial IoT (Internet of Things) industry, as well as enterprise buildings, campuses and public venues. China alone has hundreds of small to medium scale private LTE networks, extending from single site systems through to city-wide networks – predominantly to support police forces, local authorities, power utilities, railways, metro systems, airports and maritime ports.
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Private LTE networks are expected to continue their upward trajectory beyond 2020, with a spate of ongoing and planned network rollouts – from nationwide public safety broadband networks to usage scenarios as diverse as putting LTE-based communications infrastructure on the Moon.
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In addition to the high-profile FirstNet, South Korea’s Safe-Net, Britain’s ESN (Emergency Services Network) nationwide public safety LTE network projects, a number of other national-level engagements have recently come to light – most notably, the Royal Thai Police’s LTE network which is already operational in the greater Bangkok region, Finland's VIRVE 2.0 mission-critical mobile broadband service, France's PCSTORM critical communications broadband project, and Russia's planned secure 450 MHz LTE network for police forces, emergency services and the national guard.
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Other segments within the critical communications industry have also seen growth in the adoption of private LTE networks – with recent investments focused on mining, port and factory automation, deployable broadband systems for military communications, mission-critical voice, broadband and train control applications for railways and metro systems, ATG (Air-to-Ground) and airport surface wireless connectivity for aviation, field area networks for utilities, and maritime LTE platforms for vessels and offshore energy assets.
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In the coming months and years, we expect to see significant activity in the 1.9 GHz sXGP, 3.5 GHz CBRS, 5 GHz and other unlicensed/shared spectrum bands to support the operation of private LTE and 5G networks across a range of environments, particularly enterprise buildings, campuses, public venues, factories and warehouses.
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Leveraging their extensive spectrum assets and mobile networking expertise combined with a growing focus on vertical industries, mobile operators are continuing to retain a strong foothold in the wider private LTE and 5G network ecosystem – with active involvement in projects ranging from large-scale nationwide public safety LTE networks to highly localized 5G networks for industrial environments.
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A number of independent neutral-host and wholesale operators are also stepping up with pioneering business models to provide LTE and 5G connectivity services to both mobile operators and enterprises. For example, using strategically acquired 2.6 GHz and 3.6 GHz spectrum licenses, Airspan's operating company Dense Air plans to provide wholesale wireless connectivity in Ireland, Belgium, Portugal, New Zealand and Australia.
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Cross-industry partnerships are becoming more commonplace as LTE/5G network equipment suppliers wrestle to gain ground in key vertical domains. For example, Nokia has partnered with Komatsu, Sandvik, Konecranes and Kalmar to develop tailored private LTE and 5G network solutions for the mining and transportation industries.
Topics Covered:
The report covers the following topics:
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Private LTE and 5G network ecosystem
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Market drivers and barriers
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System architecture and key elements of private LTE and 5G networks
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Analysis of vertical markets and applications – ranging from mobile broadband and mission-critical voice to domain-specific applications such as CBTC (Communications-Based Train Control) and connected robotics for factory automation
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Operational models for private LTE and 5G networks including independent, managed, shared core, hybrid commercial-private and private MVNO networks
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Mission-critical PTT/video/data services, deployable LTE/5G systems, cellular IoT, TSN (Time Sensitive Networking), URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications) techniques, quantum cryptography, unlicensed/shared spectrum, neutral-host/multi-operator small cells, network slicing, MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) and other enabling technologies
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Key trends including the adoption of local and shared spectrum licensing, commercial readiness of private 5G systems for Industry 4.0, nationwide and city-wide public safety broadband network build-outs, regional mission/business-critical LTE networks for utilities and energy companies, localized private LTE/5G networks for railway infrastructure, ports, airports, mines, factories, warehouses, buildings, campuses and public venues, and pioneering neutral-host business models for enterprise and public wireless connectivity.
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Review of private LTE and 5G network engagements worldwide, including case studies of more than 40 live networks
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Spectrum availability, allocation and usage for private LTE and 5G networks across the global, regional and national regulatory domains
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Standardization, regulatory and collaborative initiatives
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Future roadmap and value chain
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Profiles and strategies of over 600 ecosystem players including LTE/5G network infrastructure suppliers and vertical-domain specialists
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Strategic recommendations for end users, LTE/5G network infrastructure suppliers, system integrators and commercial/private mobile operators
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Market analysis and forecasts from 2020 till 2030
Forecast Segmentation:
Market forecasts are provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories:
Submarkets
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RAN (Radio Access Network)
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Mobile Core
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Backhaul & Transport
Air Interface Technologies
Spectrum Types
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Licensed Spectrum
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Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum
Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Frequency Bands
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1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT
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2.4 GHz
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3.5 GHz CBRS
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5 GHz
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Other Bands
Vertical Markets
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Critical Communications & Industrial IoT
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Public Safety
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Military
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Energy
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Utilities
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Mining
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Transportation
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Factories & Warehouses
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Others
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Enterprise & Campus Environments
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Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts
Regional Markets
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Asia Pacific
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Eastern Europe
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Latin & Central America
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Middle East & Africa
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North America
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Western Europe
Key Questions Answered:
The report provides answers to the following key questions:
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How big is the private LTE and 5G network opportunity?
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What trends, drivers and barriers are influencing its growth?
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How is the ecosystem evolving by segment and region?
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What will the market size be in 2023, and at what rate will it grow?
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Which vertical markets and regions will see the highest percentage of growth?
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What is the status of private LTE and 5G network adoption worldwide, and what are the primary usage scenarios of these networks?
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What are the practical applications of private 5G networks – based on early commercial rollouts and pilot deployments?
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How are private LTE and 5G networks delivering broadband and IoT connectivity for smart cities in areas such as public safety, transportation, utilities, waste management and environmental monitoring?
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What are the existing and candidate licensed, unlicensed and shared spectrum bands for the operation of private LTE and 5G networks?
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How will CBRS, sXGP, MulteFire and other unlicensed/shared spectrum access schemes and technologies accelerate the adoption of private LTE and 5G networks in the coming years?
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How does standardization impact the adoption of LTE and 5G networks for critical communications and industrial IoT?
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When will mission-critical PTT/video/data, 3GPP-LMR interworking, URLLC for industrial IoT, railway/maritime communications and other 3GPP-specified vertical-domain capabilities become commercially mature for implementation?
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How will the integration of TSN (Time Sensitive Networking) enable private 5G networks to deliver reliable, low-latency connectivity across a broad range of time-critical industrial applications?
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Do IEEE 802.16s, AeroMACS, WiGRID and other technologies pose a threat to private LTE and 5G networks?
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What opportunities exist for commercial mobile operators in the private LTE and 5G network ecosystem?
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Will FirstNet, Safe-Net, ESN and other nationwide public safety broadband networks eventually replace existing digital LMR networks?
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When will private LTE and 5G networks supersede GSM-R as the predominant radio bearer for railway communications?
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What are the future prospects of rapidly deployable LTE and 5G systems?
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Who are the key ecosystem players, and what are their strategies?
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What strategies should LTE/5G infrastructure suppliers, system integrators, vertical-domain specialists and mobile operators adopt to remain competitive?
List of Companies Mentioned:
The following companies and organizations have been reviewed, discussed or mentioned in the report:
3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
450 MHz Alliance
450connect
4K Solutions
5G PPP (5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership)
5GAA (5G Automotive Association)
5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation)
5G-IA (5G Infrastructure Association)
7Layers
A1 Telekom Austria Group
Aaeon Technology
AAR (American Association of Railroad)
ABB
Abu Dhabi Police
Accelleran
Accenture
ACCF (Australasian Critical Communications Forum)
Accton Technology Corporation
Accuver
Ace Technologies Corporation
AceAxis
ACMA (Australian Communications and Media Authority)
Adax
Addis Ababa Light Rail
ADF (Australian Defence Force)
ADLINK Technology
ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company)
ADR (Aeroporti di Roma)
ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies)
ADTRAN
ADVA Optical Networking
Advantech
Advantech Wireless
Aegex Technologies
AEP Renewables
AeroMobile Communications
AeroVironment
Affarii Technologies
Affirmed Networks
Agnico Eagle
AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France)
Air France
Airbus
Airgain
Air-Lynx
Airrays
Airspan Networks
Airwavz Solutions
Ajman Police
AKOS (Agency for Communication Networks and Services of the Republic of Slovenia)
Alcobendas City Council
Alcom (Alands Telecommunications)
Alea/Talkway
Alepo
Alga Microwave
Alliander
Allied Telesis
Alpha Networks
Alpha Technologies
Alphabet
Alstom
Altaeros
Altair Semiconductor
ALTÁN Redes
Altice France
Altice USA
Altiostar Networks
Altran
Alvarion Technologies
AM Telecom
Amaggi
Amarisoft
Amazon
Ambra Solutions
Amdocs
Ameren Corporation
América Móvil
American Tower Corporation
Amit Wireless
Amphenol Corporation
An Garda Síochána (Irish National Police Service)
Anktion (Fujian) Technology
Anritsu Corporation
ANS (Advanced Network Services)
Antenna Company
Anterix (pdvWireless)
APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International
API (American Petroleum Institute)
APPA (American Public Power Association)
Apple
Aptel (Association of Proprietary Infrastructure and Private Telecommunications Systems Companies, Brazil)
Aptica
Aqura Technologies (Veris)
Arcadyan Technology Corporation
ARCEP (Autorité de Régulation des Communications Électroniques)
Archos
ARCIA (Australian Radio and Communications Industry Association)
Arete M
AREU (Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza)
Argela/Netsia
ArgoNET
ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, Japan)
ARM
Armasuisse (Federal Office for Defence Procurement, Switzerland)
Arqiva
ARRIS International
Arrow Energy
Artemis Networks
Artesyn Embedded Computing
Artiza Networks
ASELSAN
Askey Computer Corporation
ASOCS
Assured Wireless Corporation
Astellia
ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute)
ASTRID
ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)
AT&T
Atel Antennas
Athonet
ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions)
Atlas Telecom
ATN International
Atos
AttoCore
Ausgrid
Avanti Communications Group
AVI
Aviat Networks
AVX Corporation
AWWA (American Water Works Association)
Axon
Axxcelera Broadband Wireless
Axxcss Wireless Solutions
Azcom Technology
Azetti Networks
BABS/FOCP (Federal Office for Civil Protection, Switzerland)
BAE Systems
BAI Communications
Baicells Technologies
BAKOM/OFCOM (Federal Office of Communications, Switzerland)
BandRich
BandwidthX
Barrett Communications
BARTEC
BASE (Telenet)
BASF
BATM Advanced Communications
BATS (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems)
Baylin Technologies
BBB (BB Backbone Corporation)
BBK Electronics Corporation
BC Hydro
BCE (Bell Canada)
BDBOS (Federal Agency for Public Safety Digital Radio, Germany)
BDEW (Federal Association of Energy and Water Industries, Germany)
Beach Energy
BEC Technologies
Beeline Armenia
Beeper Communications
Benetel
BesoVideo
BHP
Bilbao Metro
Billion Electric
Bird Technologies
Bittium Corporation
Black & Veatch
Black Box Corporation
Blackned
BLiNQ Networks
Blue Danube Systems
Blue Wireless
Bluebird
BLUnet (Axpo WZ-Systems)
BNetzA (Federal Network Agency, Germany)
BNPB (Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management).
Boingo Wireless
Boliden
Bombardier
Booz Allen Hamilton
BorgWarner
Bosch Rexroth
Bouygues Telecom
Boxchip
Brazilian Army
Bridgewave Communications
British Army
Broadcom
BroadForward
Broadpeak
BRTI (Indonesian Telecommunications Regulatory Authority)
BSNL
BT Group
BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users)
BTI Wireless
B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance
Buenos Aires City Police
Bullitt
Bureau Veritas
Busan Transportation Corporation
BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems)
BYD
C Spire
CableFree (Wireless Excellence)
CableLabs
CACI International
CalAmp
Caltta
Cambium Networks
Cambridge Consultants
CAMET (China Association of Metros)
Canadian Army
CapX Nederland
Cargotec
Casa Systems
Casio Computer Company
Cat Phones (Caterpillar)
CBRS Alliance
CCI (Communication Components Inc.)
CCI Systems
CCN (Cirrus Core Networks)
CCSA (China Communications Standards Association)
CDE (Clarksville Department of Electricity) Lightband
CEA (Canadian Electricity Association)
CellAntenna Corporation
Cellcom
Cellnex Telecom
cellXica
Cemig (Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais)
Centerline Communications
CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)
Ceragon Networks
CFE (Comisión Federal de Electricidad)
Challenge Networks
Charter Communications
Chemring Technology Solutions
Cheytec Telecommunications
China Mobile
China Southern Power Grid
China Telecom
China Unicom
Chongqing Dima
CHPC (Cirtek Holdings Philippines Corporation)
Cibicom
CICT (China Information and Communication Technology Group)/China Xinke Group
Ciena Corporation
Cirpack
Cisco Systems
CITIC Pacific Mining
City of London Police
CK Hutchison Holdings
Claro
Cloudstreet
CLP Power Hong Kong
CN (Canadian National Railway Company)
CND (Core Network Dynamics)
CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation)
CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation)
Cobham Wireless
Codan Communications
Coherent Logix
Collinear Networks
Collins Aerospace
Colony Capital
Comba Telecom
Comcast Corporation
COMLAB
CommAgility
CommScope
Comrod Communication Group
Comtech Telecommunications Corporation
CONET Technologies
Connect Tech
Connectivity Wireless Solutions
Contela
Contour Networks
Coolpad
Copel (Companhia Paranaense de Energia)
Coriant
Cornet Technology
Corning
Cox Communications
CPqD (Center for Research and Development in Telecommunications, Brazil)
Cradlepoint
CRC (Communications Research Centre Canada)
Crown Castle International Corporation
CS Corporation
Cubic Corporation
Cubic Telecom
CybertelBridge
Daimler
Dali Wireless
Dalton Utilities
DAMM Cellular Systems
DART (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)
Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Group
DBcom
DDPS (Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport, Switzerland)
DEKRA
Dell Technologies
Delta/Agema
Deltenna
Dense Air
DEPEN (National Penitentiary Department, Brazil)
Dhaka Mass Transit Company
Dialogic
Digi International
Digital Bridge Holdings
Digital Colony/Freshwave Group
D-Link Corporation
DMI
Dongguan Electric Power Company
DragonWave-X
DRDC (Defence Research and Development Canada)
Druid Software
DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance)
DSB (Directorate for Civil Protection, Norway)
DSTL (Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, United Kingdom)
DT (Deutsche Telekom)
Dublin City Council
Duke Energy Corporation
Duons
Durabook (Twinhead International Corporation)
Dynabook
e.GO Mobile
EA Networks (Electricity Ashburton)
Easycom (Shenzhen Easycom Electronics)
E-Band Communications
EchoStar Corporation
ECI Telecom
Ecom Instruments
Ecotel
ECT (Hutchison Ports ECT Rotterdam)
EDF (Électricité de France)
EDF Energy
EDP (Energias de Portugal)
EE
EEI (Edison Electric Institute)
EF Johnson Technologies
EION Wireless
Ekinops
Elbit Systems
Elefante Group
Elektro
Elisa
Elistair
Elta Systems
ELUON Corporation
Embraer
EMERCOM (Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief, Russia)
Emerson
ENA (Energy Networks Association)
Encore Networks
Enel Distribución Río
Enel Group
ENENSYS Technologies
Energex
EnerSys
Enexis
ENLETS (European Network of Law Enforcement Technology Services)
ENTELEC (Energy Telecommunications and Electrical Association)
Epiroc
ERA (European Union Agency for Railways)
Ericsson
Erillisverkot (State Security Networks Group, Finland)
EsalqTec
Esharah Etisalat Security Solutions
Eskom
Essential Products
Estalky (K-Mobile Technology)
ETELM
eTera Communication/Sinotech R&D Group
Etherstack
Ethertronics
Etisalat
ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea)
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
Etteplan
Eurona Wireless Telecom
EUTC (European Utilities Telecom Council)
EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance)
Excelerate Group
EXFO
Expeto
Exprivia
Expway
ExRobotics
ExteNet Systems
Eyecom Telecommunications Group
FAB (Brazilian Air Force)
Facebook
Fairspectrum
Fairwaves
Fastback Networks (CBF Networks)
FAW Group
FCNT (Fujitsu Connected Technologies)
Federal Police of Mexico
Federated Wireless
FedEx
Fenix Group
FFI (Defence Research Establishment, Norway)
FiberHome Technologies
Fibocom Wireless
Finavia
FinnHEMS (Finnish Helicopter Emergency Medical Services)
Finnish Border Guard
Finnish Defence Forces
FirstNet (First Responder Network) Authority
Flash Private Mobile Networks
Flightcell International
Foshan Power Supply Bureau
FPInnovations
Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems)
Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute)
Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits)
Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology)
French Army
French Ministry of Defense
French Ministry of Interior
French National Gendarmerie
French National Police
Frequentis
FRTek
Fujian BelFone Communications Technology
Fujitsu
Funk-Electronic Piciorgros
Funkwerk
Future Technologies Venture
Galtronics Corporation
GCF (Global Certification Forum)
GCT Semiconductor
GE (General Electric)
Gemalto
Gemtek Technology
Genaker
General Dynamics Mission Systems
GenXComm
Geotab
Geoverse
German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr)
Getac Technology Corporation
Gilat Satellite Networks
Glencore Coal
Globalstar
GO Internet
Gogo
Gold Fields
Goodman Networks
Goodmill Systems
Google
Green Packet
GRENTECH
Groupe ADP (Aéroport de Paris)
GroupTalk
GSI (GS Instech)/GST (GS Teletech)
Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau
GWT (Global Wireless Technologies)
GWTCA (Government Wireless Technology & Communications Association)
Haikou Electric Power Bureau
Hainan Power Grid Company
Halton Regional Police Service
Halys
Handheld Group
Hanjin Newport
HAPSMobile
Harbor Max
Harwich International Port
HBFEC (Hebei Far East Communication System Engineering)
HCL Technologies
Heathrow Airport Holdings
Heathrow Commercial Telecoms
HFR
HiSilicon
HISPASAT Group
Hitachi
Hitachi Rail STS
HKT
HMD Global
Hoimyung ICT
Home Office, United Kingdom
Hon Hai Precision Industry/Foxconn Technology Group
Honeywell International
Hong Kong Police Force
Hoverfly Technologies
HP
HPA (Hamburg Port Authority)
HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
HTC Corporation
Huawei
Hub One
Huber+Suhner
Hughes Network Systems
Hungarian Ministry of Interior
Hunter Technology
Huntsville Police Department
Hydro-Québec
Hytera Communications
Hytera Mobilfunk
IAI (Israel Aerospace Industries)
Iberdrola
IBM Corporation
IB-RED
iBwave Solutions
Ice Group
Ice Norge
Icom
ICT (Islamabad Capital Territory)
IDEMIA
IDF (Israel Defense Forces)
IDY Corporation
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
IgniteNet
IGOF (International Governmental Operators’ Forum)
IIJ (Internet Initiative Japan)
Imaginet International
IMDA (Info-communications Media Development Authority of Singapore)
IMPTT
IMSWorkX
Indian Army
Indra
INET (Infrastructure Networks)
Infinera
Infomark Corporation
Infovista
Inmarsat
Innogy
InnoWireless
Inrico (Shenzhen Inrico Electronics)
Inseego Corporation
Instant Connect
Intel Corporation
Intelsat
InterDigital
Internal Security Forces, Lebanon
Interop Technologies
Intracom Telecom
IoT4Net
ip.access
IPITEK (Integrated Photonics Technology)
IPLOOK Networks
Iradio Electronics
Iridium Communications
IRIS (Red Nacional de Radiocomunicación de Misión Crítica Tetrapol)
Isala Klinieken Hospital
ISC (International Speedway Corporation)
ISCO International
ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)
Iskratel
Israel Police
Israel Railways
IS-Wireless
Italian Army
Italian Ministry of Interior
Italtel
ITELAZPI
ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan)
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
IWT (Innovative Wireless Technologies)
Jaton Technology
Jazz (Pakistan Mobile Communications)
JCI (Japan Communications Inc.)
JEMS (Japan EM Solutions)
JMA Wireless
Jordanian Armed Forces
JRC (Japan Radio Company)
JRC (Joint Radio Company)
Juni Global
Juniper Networks
JVCKENWOOD Corporation
Kalmar
Kantonspolizei Zürich (Cantonal Police of Zurich)
Kapsch CarrierCom
Kathrein Mobile Communication (Ericsson)
KBR
KCC (Korea Communications Commission) has
Kenyan Police Service
Key Bridge Wireless
Keysight Technologies
Kirisun Communications
Kisan Telecom
Klas Telecom
Klein Electronics
Kleos
KMA (Korea Military Academy)
KMBG (Dutch Critical Mobile Broadband Users) Expert Group
KMW
Kodiak Networks
Komatsu
Konecranes
Koning & Hartman
Kontron
KPCN (Korps Politie Caribisch Nederland)
KPN
KPN Critical Communications
KRNA (Korea Rail Network Authority)
KRRI (Korea Railroad Research Institute)
KT Corporation
Kudelski Group
KUKA
Kumu Networks
K-Won
Kymeta Corporation
Kyocera Corporation
Kyrio
L&T (Larsen & Toubro)
L3Harris Technologies
Land Rover Explore
Landmark Dividend
LCR Embedded Systems
Leidos
Lemko Corporation
Lenovo
Leonardo
LG Chem
LG CNS
LG Corporation
LG Electronics
LG Innotek
LG Uplus
LGS Innovations
Ligado Networks
Lime Microsystems
Lisheng Fujian Communications
LMCC (Land Mobile Communications Council)
Lociva
Lockheed Martin Corporation
LoJack
Longsung Technology
LS telcom
M/C Partners
M1
M87
Madagascar National Police
Marlink Group
Martin UAV
Marubeni
Marvell Technology Group
Masmovil
Mavenir Systems
MCMC (Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission)
McWane
MediaTek
MegaFon
Mellanox Technologies
MER Group
Mercedes-Benz Cars
Metaswitch Networks
Metro Network Services
MIC (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan)
Microlab
Microsoft Corporation
Microwave Networks
MIIT (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China)
Mimosa Networks
Minas Gerais State Military Police
Ministry of Citizen Protection & Public Order, Greece
Ministry of Interior and Security, Côte d'Ivoire
Ministry of National Security, Trinidad & Tobago
Ministry of Public Security, Madagascar
MitraStar Technology Corporation
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
MMG
MND (Ministry of National Defense, South Korea)
Mobile Tornado
MobileDemand
Mobilicom
Mobilitie
Modular Mining Systems
MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, South Korea)
MOIS (Ministry of the Interior and Safety, South Korea)
MOLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, South Korea)
Moscow Police
Motorola Mobility
Motorola Solutions
MP Antenna
MPA (Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore)
MPF (Mauritius Police Force)
MRC (Mobile Radio Center)
MSB (Civil Contingencies Agency, Sweden)
MT (Mauritius Telecom)
MTC (Ministry of Transport and Communications, Peru)
MTI (Microelectronics Technology, Inc.)
MTN Group
MTS (Mobile TeleSystems)
MulteFire Alliance
Multi-Tech Systems
Mushroom Networks
Mutualink
MVM Group
MVM NET
MYT Electronics
N.A.T.
NAKIT (National Agency for Communication, Czech Republic)
Nash Technologies
National Guard of the Russian Federation
National Police of Colombia
National Police of Peru
National Police of the Netherlands
Naval Group (DCNS)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
NEC Corporation
Nedaa
Nemergent Solutions
Neoenergia
Neolink Communications Technology
Neptune Mobile
Neste
Net1 International
Net1 PH
Net1 Sweden (Netett Sverige)
Netas
NetCity (GEOS Telecom/GEOS Holding)
NetComm Wireless
Netgear
NetGenuity
NetMotion Software
NetNumber
NETSCOUT Systems
Neutral Connect Networks
New Postcom Equipment
New Zealand Police
Newport Utilities
Nextivity
NFL (National Football League)
NI (National Instruments)
Nigeria Police Force
Nkom (Norwegian Communications Authority)
Node-H
Nokia
Nominet
Nordic Telecom
Norsat International
Northern Michigan University
Northern Star Resources
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Norwegian Police Service
NRECA (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association)
NS (Nederlandse Spoorwegen)
Nsight
NSW (New South Wales) Telco Authority
NU Connect
Nubia Technology
NuRAN Wireless
Nutaq Innovation
NVision Group
NXP Semiconductors
Ocado
Oceus Networks
Octasic
ODN (Orbital Data Network)
Ofcom (Office of Communications, United Kingdom)
Oi
OMA (Open Mobile Alliance)
Oman Royal Office
Omnitele
ONCF (Moroccan National Railway Office)
One2many
OneAccess
OnePlus
OneWeb
Ooredoo
OPPO
Optus
Oracle Communications
Orange
Orange Belgium
Orange Poland
Origin Energy
Orion Labs
Ørsted
OSRAM
Ożarowice Government
PacStar (Pacific Star Communications)
Panasonic Avionics Corporation
Panasonic Corporation
Panda Electronics
Panorama Antennas
Parallel Wireless
Parks Canada
Parsons Corporation
Pavlov Media
PCCW
PCTEL
PCTEST Lab (PCTEST Engineering Laboratory)
PEA (Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand)
Peel Regional Police
Pei Tel Communications
Peiker
Pemex (Petróleos Mexicanos)
Pentonet
Pepperl+Fuchs
Pepro
Perspecta Labs
Petrobras (Petroleo Brasileiro)
PetroChina
PGA Tour
PGE Systemy
PHAZR
Philippine Red Cross
Phluido
Pierson Wireless
Pixavi
PLA (People's Liberation Army)
Plover Bay Technologies (Peplink/Pepwave)
PMN (Private Mobile Networks)
PoCStar (Shanli Tongyi Information Technology)
Polaris Networks
Polizia di Stato (State Police, Italy)
Port of Durban
Port of Felixstowe
Port of HaminaKotka
Port of Immingham
Port of Kokkola
Port of Oulu
Port of Qingdao
Port of Rotterdam Authority
Potevio
PRESCOM
PrioCom
Proximus
PSBTA (Public Safety Broadband Technology Association)
PSCA (Punjab Safe Cities Authority)
PSCE (Public Safety Communications Europe)
PSTA (Public Safety Technology Alliance)
PTA (Public Transport Authority) of Western Australia
PTI (Persistent Telecom Inc.)
Public Safety Canada
Publicis Sapient
Puloli
Pulse Electronics
Qatar Armed Forces
Qatar MOI (Ministry of Interior)
QCT (Quanta Cloud Technology)
Qinetiq
QuadGen Wireless Solutions
Qualcomm
Quanta Computer
Quantum Wireless
Qucell
Quectel Wireless Solutions
Quintel
Qulsar
Quortus
RAC (Railway Association of Canada)
RACOM Corporation
RAD Data Communications
Radio IP Software
Radisys Corporation
RADWIN
RAF (Royal Air Force)
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
Rai Way
RailTel/Indian Railways
Raizen
Rajant Corporation
Range Networks
RATP Group
Raycap
Raytheon Company
Realme
Rearden
Red Hat
Red Rover
RED Technologies
REDCOM Laboratories
Redline Communications
Reliance Industries
REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks
Repsol
RESCAN (Canary Islands Network for Emergency and Security)
Rescue 42/PodRunner
Resolute Forest Products (Produits Forestiers Resolu)
RF Window
RFS (Radio Frequency Systems)
Ribbon Communications
RIKS (State Infocommunication Foundation, Estonia)
Rio de Janeiro Fire Department
Rio Tinto Group
RIVA Networks
Rivada Networks
Rivas Vaciamadrid City Council
Robert Bosch
Robustel
Rogers Communications
Rohde & Schwarz
Rohill
ROK (Republic of Korea) Army
ROKAF (Republic of Korea Air Force)
ROP (Royal Oman Police)
Rosenberger
Rostelecom
Roy Hill Holdings
Royal Dutch Shell
Royal Thai Police
RTRS (Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network)
RTX A/S
Ruckus Networks
RugGear
Ruijie Networks
Rush University Medical Center
Russian Army
Russian Ministry of Defense
Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs
Russian Railways
RWG (Rotterdam World Gateway)
S&T
Saab
SAF (Singapore Armed Forces)
Safari Telecom
Safaricom
SafeMobile
Safe-Net Forum
Safer Buildings Coalition
Safran
SAGE SatCom
SAI Technology
SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation)
Samji Electronics
Samsung
Sandvik
Sanjole
Santos
São Paulo State Military Police
Saudi Aramco
Saudi MOI (Ministry of Interior)
SBA Communications Corporation
Scania
SCF (Small Cell Forum)
Schneider Electric
SCRF (State Commission for Radio Frequencies, Russia)
SDG&E (San Diego Gas & Electric Company)
Seamless Air Alliance
Secure Chorus
Sempra Energy
Seoul Metro
Seowon Intech
Sepura
Sequans Communications
Serbian Ministry of Interior
Sercomm Corporation
SES
SETAR
Sevis Systems
SFR
SGCC (State Grid Corporation of China)
SGP (Société du Grand Paris)
SGS
Shanghai Pearl Oriental Group
Shanghai Police Department
Sharp Corporation
Shentel (Shenandoah Telecommunications Company)
Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau
Shenzhen Recoda Technologies
Shift2Rail
SHR (Shuohuang Railway)
SIAE Microelettronica
Siemens
Siemens Mobility
Sierra Wireless
Signal Information & Communication Corporation
Siklu Communication
Silicom SAS (France)
SIMCom Wireless Solutions
Simoco Wireless Solutions
Sinclair Technologies
Singapore Police Force
Singtel
SiRRAN Communications
Sitarail
SITRONICS
Siyata Mobile/Uniden
SK Telecom
SK Telesys
SLA Corporation/ESChat
SLC (Secure Land Communications)
Slovenian Ministry of Public Administration
SM Optics
Smart Cities Council
Smart Communications
SMART Global Holdings
Smartfren
SmarTone
SmartSky Networks
SNCF (French National Railways)
SoftBank Group
Softil
SOLiD
Soliton Systems
Sonim Technologies
Sony Corporation
Sony Mobile Communications
Sooktha
South32
Southern Adriatic Sea Port Authority
Southern Company
Southern Linc
Space Data Corporation
Spanish Army
Spanish Ministry of Interior
Spectra Group
Speedcast International
SpiderCloud Wireless
SPIE Group
Spirent Communications
Sporton International
Sprint Corporation
SRS (Software Radio Systems)
ST Engineering iDirect
ST Engineering Land Systems
Stadtpolizei Zürich (Zurich City Police)
Star Microwave
Star Solutions
STC (Saudi Telecom Company)
STC Specialized (Bravo)
STEALTH Concealment Solutions
Stedin
Steep
Steveco
STI (Sampoerna Telekomunikasi Indonesia)
STMicroelectronics
sTraffic
StrattoOpencell
StreamWIDE
STS (Special Telecommunication Service, Romania)
Sumitomo Electric Industries
Sunrise Communications
Sunsea AIoT
SuperCom
Suzhou Aquila Solutions (Aquila Wireless)
Swedish Armed Forces
Swedish Ministry of Justice
Swedish Police Authority
Swisscom
Swisscom Broadcast
Syniverse Technologies
Sysoco
System Innovation Group
T&W (Shenzhen Gongjin Electronics)
TacSat Networks
Tait Communications
Talk-IP International
Talkpod Technology
Tampa Microwave
Tampnet
Tango Networks
Taoglas
TASSTA
Tata Elxsi
TCCA (The Critical Communications Association)
TCL Communication (TCL/Alcatel/BlackBerry)
TCOM
TD Tech
Tech Mahindra
Technicolor
Técnicas Competitivas
Tecom
Tecore Networks
TEKTELIC Communications
Tel Aviv Light Rail
Telco Systems
Teldat
Tele2 Russia/SkyLink
Telecom26
Telefónica Deutschland
Telefónica Group
Telenor Group
Telenor Maritime
Telent Technology Services
Telespazio
TeleWare
Teleworld Solutions
Telia Company
Telit Communications
Tellabs
Telo Systems Corporation
Telrad Networks
Telstra
Teltronic
Telus
TEN (Texas Energy Network)
Teracom Group
TESSCO Technologies/Ventev
Thales
Three UK
TI (Texas Instruments)
TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
Tillman Infrastructure
TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile)
TIM Brasil
TLC Solutions
T-Mobile US
TOKIE Solutions/Irvees Technology
Tokyo Metro
Toshiba Corporation
TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India)
Transit Wireless
Transnet
Trópico
TSDSI (Telecommunications Standards Development Society, India)
T-Systems
TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association, South Korea)
TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee, Japan)
Turk Telekom
Turkcell
Turkish National Police Force
Twilio
Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Army
U.S. Cellular
U.S. Coast Guard
U.S. Department of Commerce
U.S. DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
U.S. DOD (Department of Defense)
U.S. DOE (Department of Energy)
U.S. FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
U.S. Marines Corps
U.S. Navy
U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
U.S. NPSTC (National Public Safety Telecommunications Council)
U.S. NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
U.S. NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration)
UANGEL
UBBA (Utility Broadband Alliance)
Ubicquia
U-Blox
UGL
UIC (International Union of Railways)
UK Broadband
Ukkoverkot
UL
UMC (University Medical Centre) Utrecht
UN (United Nations)
UNIFE (The European Rail Supply Industry Association)
UNIMO Technology
Unisoc
UniStrong
United Kingdom MoD (Ministry of Defence)
United Technologies Corporation
URSYS
USSOCOM (U.S. Special Operations Command)
UTC (Utilities Technology Council)
UTCAL (Utilities Telecom & Technology Council América Latina)
Utility (Utility Associates)
Utility Connect
Vanu
Vattenfall
VDE (Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies, Germany)
VEON
Verizon Communications
Vertical Bridge
Verveba Telecom
VHA (Vodafone Hutchison Australia)
Viasat
Viavi Solutions
Victoria Police
Vientiane Municipal Government
Vientiane Municipal Police
VINCI Energies
VinSmart/Vingroup
Virtualnetcom/VNC (Virtual Network Communications)
Vislink Technologies
Vital NZ
Vivint Internet
Vivo
VKU (Association of Local Public Utilities, Germany)
VMware
VNL (Vihaan Networks Limited)
Vodacom Group
Vodafone Germany
Vodafone Group
Vodafone New Zealand
Voentelecom
Volkswagen Group
Volvo CE (Construction Equipment)
Voxer
Voyage Auto
VR Group (Finnish State Railways)
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
VVDN Technologies
Vy Group
Wave Wireless
Wavetel Technology
Westell Technologies
Western Power Distribution
WH Bence Group
Widelity
WIG (Wireless Infrastructure Group)
Wildox (Shenzhen Happy Technology)
WiMAX Forum
Wind Tre
WInnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum)
Wipro
Wireless Logic Gro
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Table of Contents
1 Chapter 1: Introduction ........ 43
1.1 Executive Summary ................ 43
1.2 Topics Covered .................. 46
1.3 Forecast Segmentation................ 48
1.4 Key Questions Answered .................. 50
1.5 Key Findings ................. 52
1.6 Methodology ................ 56
1.7 Target Audience ................ 57
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned ............... 58
2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Private LTE/5G Networks .... 64
2.1 Private Wireless Networks ............... 64
2.1.1 Addressing the Needs of the Critical Communications Industry ........ 64
2.1.2 The Limitations of LMR (Land Mobile Radio) Networks ........... 65
2.1.3 Growing Use of Commercial Mobile Broadband Technologies .......... 66
2.1.4 Connectivity Requirements for the Industrial IoT (Internet of Things) ......... 67
2.1.5 Localized Mobile Networks for Buildings, Campuses & Public Venues ........ 67
2.2 LTE & 5G for Private Networking ................ 68
2.2.1 Why LTE & 5G? ................. 68
2.2.2 Performance Metrics .................. 69
2.2.3 Coexistence, Interoperability and Spectrum Flexibility ............ 69
2.2.4 A Thriving Ecosystem of Chipsets, Devices & Network Equipment ......... 70
2.2.5 Economic Feasibility of Operation ............. 70
2.2.6 Moving Towards LTE-Advanced & LTE-Advanced Pro .............. 71
2.2.7 Private LTE Support in LTE-Advanced Pro ............ 71
2.2.8 5G NR (New Radio) Capabilities & Usage Scenarios ............ 72
2.2.8.1 eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) ............ 73
2.2.8.2 URLCC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications) ............ 73
2.2.8.3 mMTC (Massive Machine-Type Communications) ............. 74
2.3 Private LTE & 5G Network Operational Models ............. 75
2.3.1 Independent Private Network ............... 75
2.3.2 Managed Private Network ............... 76
2.3.3 Shared Core Private Network ................ 77
2.3.4 Hybrid Commercial-Private Network .............. 78
2.3.5 Private MVNO: Commercial Network with a Private Mobile Core .......... 79
2.3.6 Other Approaches .................. 80
2.4 Key Applications of Private LTE & 5G Networks ............. 80
2.4.1 Secure & Seamless Mobile Broadband Access .......... 80
2.4.2 Bandwidth-Intensive & Latency-Sensitive Field Applications ........ 80
2.4.3 Bulk Multimedia & Data Transfers ............. 81
2.4.4 In-Building Coverage & Capacity ................ 81
2.4.5 Seamless Roaming & Mobile VPN Access ............ 82
2.4.6 Mission-Critical HD Voice & Group Communications .......... 82
2.4.7 Video & High-Resolution Imagery .............. 83
2.4.8 Massive-Scale Video Surveillance & Analytics ........... 84
2.4.9 Messaging & Presence Services ............ 84
2.4.10 Location Services & Mapping ................ 85
2.4.11 Command & Control Systems ............... 85
2.4.12 Smart Grid Operations ................ 86
2.4.13 Environmental Monitoring ............... 86
2.4.14 Industrial Automation ................. 87
2.4.15 Connected Robotics ............... 87
2.4.16 Machine Vision ................. 87
2.4.17 AR/VR (Augmented & Virtual Reality) ............. 88
2.4.18 Telehealth & Remote Surgery ............... 88
2.4.19 High-Speed Railway Connectivity ............... 88
2.4.20 PIS (Passenger Information Systems) .............. 89
2.4.21 Delay-Sensitive Control of Railway Infrastructure.......... 89
2.4.22 In-Flight Connectivity for Passengers & Airline Operators ............ 90
2.4.23 Maritime Connectivity for Vessels & Offshore Facilities .......... 90
2.4.24 Telemetry, Control & Remote Diagnostics ........... 90
2.4.25 Unmanned Ground, Marine & Aerial Vehicles .......... 91
2.5 Market Drivers .................. 92
2.5.1 Recognition of LTE & 5G as the De-Facto Platform for Wireless Connectivity ....... 92
2.5.2 Spectral Efficiency & Bandwidth Flexibility ............... 92
2.5.3 Regional Interoperability & Cost Efficiency ............... 93
2.5.4 Endorsement from the Critical Communications Industry ............ 93
2.5.5 Emergence of Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum Technologies ........ 94
2.5.6 Growing Demand for High-Speed & Low-Latency Data Applications ........... 94
2.5.7 Limited Coverage in Indoor, Industrial & Remote Environments ............ 95
2.5.8 Favorable Licensing Schemes for Localized LTE & 5G Networks ........ 95
2.5.9 Control over QoS (Quality-of-Service) ............. 96
2.5.10 Privacy & Security .................. 96
2.6 Market Barriers ................. 97
2.6.1 Lack of Licensed Spectrum for Wide-Area Coverage ........... 97
2.6.2 Funding Challenges for Large-Scale Networks .......... 97
2.6.3 Technical Complexities of Implementation & Operation .............. 98
2.6.4 Smaller Coverage Footprint Than Legacy LMR Systems ........... 98
2.6.5 Competition from IEEE 802.16s, AeroMACS, WiGRID & Other Technologies ......... 98
2.6.6 Delayed Standardization .................. 99
3 Chapter 3: System Architecture & Technologies for Private LTE/5G Networks ..... 100
3.1 Architectural Components of Private LTE & 5G Networks ........... 100
3.1.1 UE (User Equipment) ................ 101
3.1.2 E-UTRAN – LTE RAN (Radio Access Network) .......... 102
3.1.2.1 eNBs – LTE Base Stations ............... 102
3.1.3 NG-RAN – 5G NR (New Radio) Access Network ........... 103
3.1.3.1 gNBs – 5G NR Base Stations................ 104
3.1.3.2 en-gNBs – Secondary Node 5G NR Base Stations ............. 104
3.1.3.3 ng-eNBs – Next Generation LTE Base Stations ............. 105
3.1.4 Transport Network ............... 105
3.1.4.1 Backhaul ............... 105
3.1.4.2 Fronthaul & Midhaul ................ 105
3.1.5 EPC (Evolved Packet Core) – The LTE Mobile Core ............ 105
3.1.5.1 SGW (Serving Gateway) ............ 106
3.1.5.2 PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway) ............... 106
3.1.5.3 MME (Mobility Management Entity) ............ 106
3.1.5.4 HSS (Home Subscriber Server) ............ 107
3.1.5.5 PCRF (Policy Charging and Rules Function) ............. 107
3.1.6 5GC (5G Core)/NGC (Next-Generation Core) .......... 107
3.1.6.1 AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function) ............. 109
3.1.6.2 UPF (User Plane Function) ............. 109
3.1.6.3 SMF (Session Management Function) ............... 109
3.1.6.4 PCF (Policy Control Function) ............. 110
3.1.6.5 NEF (Network Exposure Function) ................ 110
3.1.6.6 NRF (Network Repository Function) ............. 110
3.1.6.7 UDM (Unified Data Management) ................ 110
3.1.6.8 UDR (Unified Data Repository) ................ 111
3.1.6.9 AUSF (Authentication Server Function) ............. 111
3.1.6.10 AF (Application Function) .............. 111
3.1.6.11 NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function) ........... 111
3.1.6.12 NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function)............ 112
3.1.6.13 Other Elements............... 112
3.1.7 IMS (IP-Multimedia Subsystem), Application & Service Elements ........ 113
3.1.7.1 IMS Core & VoLTE/VoNR ............... 113
3.1.7.2 eMBMS/FeMBMS – Broadcasting/Multicasting over LTE/5G Networks ......... 114
3.1.7.3 ProSe (Proximity Services) ............. 115
3.1.7.4 Group Communication & Mission-Critical Services .......... 115
3.1.8 Gateways for LTE/5G-External Network Interworking ........... 116
3.2 Key Enabling Technologies & Concepts .............. 117
3.2.1 Critical Communications ................ 117
3.2.1.1 MCPTT (Mission-Critical PTT) Voice & Group Communications ............ 117
3.2.1.2 Mission-Critical Video & Data ............. 117
3.2.1.3 ProSe (Proximity Services) for D2D Connectivity & Communications ........ 118
3.2.1.4 IOPS (Isolated E-UTRAN Operation for Public Safety) ............ 119
3.2.1.5 Deployable LTE & 5G Systems ............ 120
3.2.1.6 UE Enhancements ................ 121
3.2.2 Industrial IoT .............. 122
3.2.2.1 eMTC, NB-IoT & mMTC: Wide Area & High Density IoT Applications ........ 122
3.2.2.2 Techniques for URLLC ............... 123
3.2.2.3 TSN (Time Sensitive Networking) ............ 123
3.2.3 QPP (QoS, Priority & Preemption)............ 124
3.2.4 High-Precision Positioning ............. 124
3.2.5 End-to-End Security .................. 125
3.2.6 Quantum Cryptography Technologies ............... 126
3.2.7 Licensed Spectrum Sharing & Aggregation ............. 126
3.2.8 Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum Usage ............... 127
3.2.8.1 CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service): Three-Tiered Sharing .......... 127
3.2.8.2 LSA (Licensed Shared Access): Two-Tiered Sharing .......... 128
3.2.8.3 sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform): Non-Tiered Unlicensed Access .......... 129
3.2.8.4 LTE-U/LAA (License Assisted Access) & eLAA (Enhanced LAA): Licensed & Unlicensed Spectrum Aggregation .... 129
3.2.8.5 MulteFire .............. 130
3.2.8.6 5G NR-U ................ 131
3.2.9 SDR (Software-Defined Radio) ............ 131
3.2.10 Cognitive Radio & Spectrum Sensing ............ 131
3.2.11 Wireless Connection Bonding ............. 132
3.2.12 Network Sharing & Slicing .............. 132
3.2.12.1 MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network) ............. 132
3.2.12.2 DECOR (Dedicated Core)................ 132
3.2.12.3 Network Slicing ............... 133
3.2.13 Software-Centric Networking ............. 134
3.2.13.1 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) ............ 134
3.2.13.2 SDN (Software Defined Networking) ............ 134
3.2.14 Small Cells .................. 135
3.2.15 C-RAN (Centralized RAN)................ 136
3.2.16 SON (Self-Organizing Networks) .............. 137
3.2.17 MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) ............ 137
3.2.18 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning .............. 138
3.2.19 Big Data & Advanced Analytics ................ 139
4 Chapter 4: Vertical Markets, Case Studies & Private LTE/5G Engagements ..... 140
4.1 Vertical Markets .............. 140
4.1.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT ........... 140
4.1.1.1 Public Safety .............. 140
4.1.1.2 Military ................. 142
4.1.1.3 Energy................... 143
4.1.1.4 Utilities ................. 143
4.1.1.5 Mining .................. 144
4.1.1.6 Transportation ................ 145
4.1.1.7 Factories & Warehouses ................ 146
4.1.1.8 Others ................... 147
4.1.2 Enterprise & Campus Environments ............. 148
4.1.3 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts ................ 148
4.2 Private LTE & 5G Network Case Studies ............. 150
4.2.1 Agnico Eagle ............... 150
4.2.2 Air France ................... 152
4.2.3 ASTRID's BLM (Blue Light Mobile) Service ............... 155
4.2.4 BBB (BB Backbone Corporation) .............. 157
4.2.5 Beach Energy .................. 159
4.2.6 Busan Transportation Corporation ............... 162
4.2.7 China Southern Power Grid............ 164
4.2.8 Daimler/Mercedes-Benz Cars ............. 166
4.2.9 EAN (European Aviation Network) ................ 168
4.2.10 Elektro (Neoenergia/Iberdrola) ................ 171
4.2.11 Enel Group ................. 173
4.2.12 FirstNet (First Responder Network) Authority ............. 176
4.2.13 France's PCSTORM Critical Communications Broadband Project .......... 180
4.2.14 French Army............... 183
4.2.15 German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) ................ 186
4.2.16 Gold Fields ................. 188
4.2.17 Halton Regional Police Service ............ 190
4.2.18 Heathrow Airport ................. 192
4.2.19 INET (Infrastructure Networks) ................ 194
4.2.20 Kenyan Police Service ............... 197
4.2.21 KMA (Korea Military Academy) ................ 199
4.2.22 KRNA (Korea Rail Network Authority) ................ 201
4.2.23 LG Chem ................ 204
4.2.24 Nedaa .................... 206
4.2.25 Ocado .................... 208
4.2.26 PGA Tour ............... 210
4.2.27 Port of Rotterdam ................ 212
4.2.28 PSCA (Punjab Safe Cities Authority) .............. 214
4.2.29 Qatar MOI (Ministry of Interior) .............. 216
4.2.30 RESCAN (Canary Islands Network for Emergency and Security) ............ 218
4.2.31 Rio Tinto Group ............... 220
4.2.32 Rivas Vaciamadrid City Council ................ 223
4.2.33 Royal Thai Police .................. 225
4.2.34 Shanghai Police Department ............... 228
4.2.35 South Korea’s Safe-Net (National Disaster Safety Communications Network) ......... 230
4.2.36 Southern Linc .................. 233
4.2.37 Tampnet ................ 236
4.2.38 U.S. Navy ............... 239
4.2.39 Ukkoverkot ................ 241
4.2.40 UN (United Nations) .................. 245
4.2.41 United Kingdom’s ESN (Emergency Services Network) .......... 247
4.2.42 Zhengzhou Metro ................ 252
4.3 Review of Other Private LTE & 5G Network Engagements .......... 254
4.3.1 Asia Pacific ................. 254
4.3.1.1 Bangladesh ................ 254
4.3.1.2 Australia ............... 254
4.3.1.3 China ............... 256
4.3.1.4 Hong Kong ................. 258
4.3.1.5 India ................. 258
4.3.1.6 Indonesia .............. 259
4.3.1.7 Japan ............... 260
4.3.1.8 Laos ................. 261
4.3.1.9 Malaysia ............... 262
4.3.1.10 New Zealand .............. 262
4.3.1.11 Pakistan ................ 263
4.3.1.12 Philippines ................. 264
4.3.1.13 Singapore.............. 265
4.3.1.14 South Korea ............... 266
4.3.1.15 Thailand ................ 269
4.3.1.16 Other Countries .............. 270
4.3.2 Europe .................. 270
4.3.2.1 Austria .................. 270
4.3.2.2 Belgium................. 271
4.3.2.3 Czech Republic................ 271
4.3.2.4 Denmark ............... 272
4.3.2.5 Estonia .................. 272
4.3.2.6 Finland .................. 273
4.3.2.7 France ................... 274
4.3.2.8 Germany ............... 278
4.3.2.9 Hungary ................ 280
4.3.2.10 Ireland .................. 280
4.3.2.11 Italy .................. 281
4.3.2.12 Netherlands ............... 282
4.3.2.13 Norway ................. 285
4.3.2.14 Poland .................. 286
4.3.2.15 Portugal ................ 286
4.3.2.16 Russia ................... 286
4.3.2.17 Serbia............... 288
4.3.2.18 Slovenia ................ 288
4.3.2.19 Spain ................ 289
4.3.2.20 Sweden ................. 291
4.3.2.21 Switzerland ................ 293
4.3.2.22 Turkey ................... 294
4.3.2.23 United Kingdom .............. 295
4.3.2.24 Other Countries .............. 298
4.3.3 Latin & Central America ................. 298
4.3.3.1 Argentina .............. 298
4.3.3.2 Bolivia ................... 299
4.3.3.3 Brazil ................ 299
4.3.3.4 Chile ................. 301
4.3.3.5 Colombia .............. 301
4.3.3.6 Ecuador ................ 302
4.3.3.7 Mexico .................. 302
4.3.3.8 Peru ................. 303
4.3.3.9 Trinidad & Tobago ............... 304
4.3.3.10 Venezuela .................. 304
4.3.3.11 Other Countries .............. 305
4.3.4 Middle East & Africa ................. 305
4.3.4.1 Algeria .................. 305
4.3.4.2 Cameroon .................. 306
4.3.4.3 Côte d'Ivoire .............. 306
4.3.4.4 Egypt ................ 306
4.3.4.5 Ethiopia ................ 306
4.3.4.6 GCC (Gulf Corporation Council) Countries .............. 306
4.3.4.6.1 Oman ................ 306
4.3.4.6.2 Qatar ................. 307
4.3.4.6.3 Saudi Arabia ................ 307
4.3.4.6.4 United Arab Emirates ............ 308
4.3.4.7 Ghana ................... 310
4.3.4.8 Iraq .................. 310
4.3.4.9 Israel ................ 310
4.3.4.10 Jordan ................... 311
4.3.4.11 Kenya ............... 311
4.3.4.12 Lebanon ................ 312
4.3.4.13 Madagascar ............... 312
4.3.4.14 Mali ................. 312
4.3.4.15 Mauritius .............. 312
4.3.4.16 Morocco ............... 312
4.3.4.17 Nigeria .................. 313
4.3.4.18 Republic of the Congo .............. 313
4.3.4.19 South Africa ............... 313
4.3.4.20 Zambia .................. 314
4.3.4.21 Other Countries .............. 315
4.3.5 North America ................ 315
4.3.5.1 Canada .................. 315
4.3.5.2 United States .................. 318
5 Chapter 5: Spectrum Availability, Allocation & Usage ...... 324
5.1 Frequency Bands for Private LTE & 5G Networks .............. 324
5.1.1 Licensed Spectrum for Local, Regional & National Private Networks ........ 324
5.1.1.1 200/230 MHz .................. 324
5.1.1.2 400/420/450 MHz ............... 325
5.1.1.3 600 MHz ............... 327
5.1.1.4 700 MHz ............... 327
5.1.1.5 800 MHz ............... 329
5.1.1.6 900 MHz ............... 330
5.1.1.7 1.4 GHz ................. 330
5.1.1.8 1.8 GHz ................. 331
5.1.1.9 1.9 GHz ................. 332
5.1.1.10 2.1 GHz ................. 333
5.1.1.11 2.3 GHz ................. 333
5.1.1.12 2.4 GHz ................. 333
5.1.1.13 2.5 GHz ................. 334
5.1.1.14 2.6 GHz ................. 334
5.1.1.15 3.5 GHz ................. 335
5.1.1.16 3.6 GHz ................. 335
5.1.1.17 3.7 GHz ................. 336
5.1.1.18 4.6 – 4.8 GHz .................. 336
5.1.1.19 4.9 GHz ................. 336
5.1.1.20 5.9 GHz ................. 337
5.1.1.21 26 GHz .................. 337
5.1.1.22 28 GHz .................. 338
5.1.1.23 Other Bands ............... 338
5.1.2 Shared Access Spectrum ................ 339
5.1.2.1 2.3 GHz LSA Band................. 339
5.1.2.2 3.5 GHz (3.55 – 3.7 GHz) CBRS Band ............. 339
5.1.2.3 3.7 – 4.2 GHz C-Band ................ 340
5.1.2.4 8 GHz ............... 340
5.1.2.5 26 GHz .................. 341
5.1.2.6 28 GHz .................. 341
5.1.2.7 37 GHz .................. 341
5.1.2.8 Others Bands .................. 341
5.1.3 License Exempt Spectrum .............. 342
5.1.3.1 470/800/900 MHz ............... 342
5.1.3.2 1.8 GHz DECT Guard Band ............. 342
5.1.3.3 1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT Band .............. 343
5.1.3.4 2.4 GHz ................. 343
5.1.3.5 5 GHz ............... 343
5.1.3.6 6 GHz (5.925 – 7.125 GHz) ............. 344
5.1.3.7 57 – 71 GHz ............... 344
5.1.3.8 Other Bands ............... 344
5.2 Spectrum Regulation, Sharing & Management ............ 345
5.2.1 National Frequency Regulators ................ 345
5.2.1.1 Identification & Allocation of Spectrum for Private LTE/5G Networks ........... 345
5.2.2 ITU-R (International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector) ........ 345
5.2.2.1 International & Regional Harmonization of Spectrum ........... 345
5.2.3 CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations) ....... 346
5.2.3.1 ECC (Electronic Communications Committee): Common Policies for Private LTE/5G Spectrum in Europe ...... 346
5.2.3.2 Broadband PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief) Networks .......... 347
5.2.3.3 Radio Spectrum for Railway Applications .......... 347
5.2.4 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) ......... 348
5.2.4.1 Standards for the Implementation of LSA (Licensed Shared Access) ......... 348
5.2.5 450 MHz Alliance ................. 348
5.2.5.1 Promoting the Use of 450 MHz for LTE Networks ............ 348
5.2.6 CBRS Alliance .................. 349
5.2.6.1 OnGo Certification Program ............... 349
5.2.7 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance) ............ 349
5.2.7.1 Advocacy Efforts for the Dynamic Sharing of Spectrum ........ 350
5.2.8 MulteFire Alliance ................ 350
5.2.8.1 Release 1.0: LTE Operation in the Unlicensed 5 GHz Band ......... 350
5.2.8.2 Release 1.1: Support for Industrial IoT & Sub-1/1.9/2.4 GHz Spectrum Bands ......... 350
5.2.9 WInnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum)............... 351
5.2.9.1 SSC (Spectrum Sharing Committee): CBRS Standards ............ 351
5.2.9.2 Other Committees ............... 352
5.2.10 XGP (eXtended Global Platform) Forum ............ 352
5.2.10.1 Development & Promotion of the sXGP Unlicensed LTE Service .......... 352
6 Chapter 6: Standardization, Regulatory & Collaborative Initiatives ...... 353
6.1 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) ............... 353
6.1.1 Releases 11-14: Public Safety & Critical Communications Features ........... 354
6.1.2 Releases 13 & 14: eMTC, NB-IoT & Unlicensed Spectrum Support ............ 355
6.1.3 Release 15: 5G NR, Mission-Critical Service Enhancements, & Additional Operating Bands ........ 355
6.1.4 Release 16: 5G URLLC for Industrial IoT, 3GPP-LMR Interworking & Railway/Maritime Communications ....... 357
6.1.5 Release 17 & Beyond: 5G-Based Direct Mode, Broadcast & New Vertical Applications .......... 359
6.2 5G PPP (5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership)/5G-IA (5G Infrastructure Association) ...... 360
6.2.1 Private 5G-Related Activities............... 360
6.3 5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation) ......... 361
6.3.1 Industrial Domain Requirements in 5G Standardization, Regulation, Spectrum Allocation & Operator Models ... 361
6.4 AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France) ........ 362
6.4.1 Advocacy Efforts for Private LTE/5G Networks in the Transportation & Energy Sectors ......... 362
6.5 APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International ........... 362
6.5.1 Public Safety LTE/5G Advocacy Efforts ............... 363
6.5.2 ANS 2.106.1-2019: Standard for PSG (Public Safety Grade) Site Hardening Requirements ..... 363
6.6 ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) ............. 363
6.6.1 Standardization Efforts Relevant to Private & Critical Communications LTE/5G Networks ..... 364
6.7 BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users)........... 364
6.7.1 KMBG (Dutch Critical Mobile Broadband Users) Expert Group ........ 365
6.7.2 Private LTE /5G-Related Lobbying Efforts ............... 365
6.8 B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance ........ 365
6.8.1 B-TrunC Standard for LTE-Based Critical Communications ......... 365
6.9 CAMET (China Association of Metros) ................ 366
6.9.1 Adoption of LTE as the Communications Standard for Urban Rail Systems ......... 366
6.9.2 LTE-M: Specification for Urban Rail Transit Onboard-to-Wayside Communications ...... 366
6.10 CEA (Canadian Electricity Association) ............... 367
6.10.1 PVNO (Private Virtual Network Operator) System for Electric Utilities ........... 367
6.11 CRC (Communications Research Centre Canada) .............. 367
6.11.1 Interoperability Research and Evaluation of Public Safety LTE/5G Networks ...... 367
6.12 DRDC (Defence Research and Development Canada) ............ 368
6.12.1 R&D Efforts in Public Safety & Military LTE/5G Networks ........... 368
6.13 ENTELEC (Energy Telecommunications and Electrical Association) ............ 369
6.13.1 Policy Advocacy & Other Activities Related to Private LTE/5G Networks ....... 369
6.14 ERA (European Union Agency for Railways) ............ 369
6.14.1 Project on the Evolution of Railway Radio Communication ........ 369
6.15 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) .......... 370
6.15.1 TCCE (TETRA and Critical Communications Evolution) Technical Committee ...... 370
6.15.1.1 Standards & Guidelines for Critical Communications Broadband ......... 371
6.15.2 CTI (Center for Testing and Interoperability) .......... 372
6.15.2.1 MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data) Plugtests .............. 372
6.15.3 TC RT (Technical Committee for Rail Telecommunications) ........ 372
6.15.3.1 FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System)-Related Standardization Activities ...... 372
6.15.4 Other Technical Committees & Private LTE/5G-Related Standards ........... 373
6.16 EUTC (European Utilities Telecom Council) ............. 373
6.16.1 LTE & 5G-Related Work.................. 373
6.17 EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance) ............... 373
6.17.1 Frequency Coordination & Spectrum Advocacy for Private Wireless Networks ....... 374
6.18 GCF (Global Certification Forum) .............. 374
6.18.1 Certification of LTE/5G Devices for Public Safety & Other Critical Communications Networks .... 374
6.19 Home Office, United Kingdom ............. 375
6.19.1 Public Safety LTE/5G Standardization Efforts .......... 375
6.20 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) ............... 376
6.20.1 Standards & Protocols for Mission-Critical Services over LTE & 5G Networks .......... 376
6.21 IGOF (International Governmental Operators’ Forum) .......... 376
6.21.1 Addressing Broadband-Related Issues in Critical Communications ........... 376
6.22 JRC (Joint Radio Company) .................. 377
6.22.1 Frequency Management for Private Radio Networks ............ 377
6.22.2 Spectrum Advocacy for the United Kingdom's Utility Operators .......... 377
6.22.3 Addressing the Impact of 5G on Electric Utilities .............. 378
6.23 KRRI (Korea Railroad Research Institute) ............ 378
6.23.1 LTE-Based KRTCS (Korean Radio-Based Train Control System) ........ 378
6.24 MCOP (Mission-Critical Open Platform) ............. 378
6.24.1 Open Platform for the Development of Standards-Compliant MCPTT Applications ...... 379
6.25 PSBTA (Public Safety Broadband Technology Association) .......... 379
6.25.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Activities ............. 379
6.26 PSCE (Public Safety Communications Europe) .............. 380
6.26.1 Public Safety LTE/5G Standardization ................ 380
6.26.2 BroadX Projects: Pan-European Interoperable Broadband Mobile System for Public Safety ........ 380
6.27 PSCR (Public Safety Communications Research) Program ........... 383
6.27.1 Technology Development & Standardization Efforts for Public Safety LTE/5G ......... 383
6.28 PSTA (Public Safety Technology Alliance) ................ 384
6.28.1 Certified Open Standards & APIs for Public Safety Communications ......... 384
6.29 Public Safety Canada ................. 384
6.29.1 Participation in the Federal PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network) Task Team ........ 384
6.30 Safe-Net Forum ............... 385
6.30.1 Guidance & Ecosystem Development for Public Safety LTE Networks ............ 385
6.31 SCF (Small Cell Forum) ............... 386
6.31.1 Specifications for Enterprise & Unlicensed Small Cells .......... 386
6.32 Seamless Air Alliance ................. 386
6.32.1 Technical Specifications and Recommendations for In-Flight LTE & 5G Connectivity ......... 387
6.33 Shift2Rail .................... 387
6.33.1 Railway Communications-Related R&D Efforts ............ 387
6.33.1.1 TD (Technical Demonstrator) 2.1: Development of a New Communication System...... 388
6.34 TCCA (The Critical Communications Association) .............. 388
6.34.1 CCBG (Critical Communications Broadband Group) .......... 389
6.34.2 BIG (Broadband Industry Group) ............. 389
6.35 TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) ........... 390
6.35.1 TR-8.8: Subcommittee on Broadband Data Systems .............. 390
6.36 TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association, South Korea) ........ 390
6.36.1 Functional Requirements for Public Safety LTE ............ 390
6.36.2 LTE-R (LTE Based Railway Communication System) .......... 391
6.36.3 LTE-M (LTE-Maritime) ............... 391
6.37 U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) ............. 391
6.37.1 CTL (Communications Technology Laboratory): R&D Leadership for FirstNet .......... 392
6.38 U.S. NPSTC (National Public Safety Telecommunications Council) ........ 392
6.38.1 Early Leadership in Public Safety LTE ............ 393
6.38.2 LMR-LTE Integration, Deployable Systems & Other Work .......... 393
6.39 U.S. NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration) ........ 393
6.39.1 FirstNet Governance & Funding ............... 393
6.39.2 Other Work Related to Private & Critical Communications LTE/5G Networks .......... 394
6.40 UBBA (Utility Broadband Alliance) ................ 394
6.40.1 Efforts to Advance Private Broadband Networks for Utilities .......... 394
6.41 UIC (International Union of Railways) ................ 395
6.41.1 Replacing GSM-R with Next-Generation Wireless Technologies ........... 395
6.41.2 FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System) Project ......... 395
6.42 UNIFE (The European Rail Supply Industry Association) .............. 396
6.42.1 UNITEL Committee: Development & Implementation of Future Interoperable Railway Communications Systems ... 396
6.43 UTC (Utilities Technology Council) ................ 397
6.43.1 LTE & 5G-Related Advocacy, Technology Development & Policy Efforts ........ 397
6.44 UTCAL (Utilities Telecom & Technology Council América Latina) .......... 397
6.44.1 Promoting the Adoption of Private LTE/5G Systems for Latin American Utilities .......... 398
6.45 Vendor-Led Alliances ................. 398
6.45.1 Huawei's eLTE Industry Alliance ............... 398
6.45.2 Nokia's Mission Critical Communications Alliance ............ 398
6.45.3 L3Harris' Mission Critical Alliance ............ 399
6.46 Others ................... 399
6.46.1 National Government Agencies & Regulators .............. 399
6.46.2 Regional & Country-Specific Associations ............... 400
6.46.3 Global Industry Associations & Organizations.............. 401
7 Chapter 7: Future Roadmap & Value Chain ....... 404
7.1 Future Roadmap .............. 404
7.1.1 Pre-2020: Continued Investments for Both Mission & Business Critical Needs ........ 404
7.1.2 2020 – 2025: Commercial Maturity of Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum & Private 5G Infrastructure .... 407
7.1.3 2025 – 2030: Mass-Market Adoption of Private LTE/5G Networks for Vertical Industries ...... 408
7.2 Value Chain ................ 408
7.2.1 Enabling Technology Providers ................ 409
7.2.2 RAN, Mobile Core & Transport Infrastructure Suppliers ............. 410
7.2.3 Terminal Equipment Vendors ............. 410
7.2.4 System Integrators ............... 410
7.2.5 Application Developers .................. 410
7.2.6 Test, Measurement & Performance Specialists ........... 411
7.2.7 Mobile Operators ................. 411
7.2.8 MVNOs .................. 411
7.2.9 Vertical Industries, Enterprises & Other End Users ........... 411
8 Chapter 8: Key Ecosystem Players .......... 413
8.1 4K Solutions ................ 413
8.2 ABB ................... 415
8.3 Accelleran ................... 416
8.4 Accton Technology Corporation/IgniteNet .............. 417
8.5 Accuver/Qucell/InnoWireless .............. 418
8.6 Ace Technologies Corporation ............ 420
8.7 AceAxis .................. 421
8.8 Adax ................. 422
8.9 ADLINK Technology .............. 423
8.10 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) ................ 424
8.11 ADTRAN ................. 425
8.12 ADVA Optical Networking .............. 427
8.13 Advantech .................. 428
8.14 Aegex Technologies .............. 429
8.15 Affarii Technologies .............. 430
8.16 Affirmed Networks ............... 431
8.17 Airbus/SLC (Secure Land Communications) ............. 432
8.18 Airgain ................... 434
8.19 Airrays ................... 435
8.20 Airspan Networks/Dense Air/Mimosa Networks.......... 436
8.21 Airwavz Solutions ................. 438
8.22 Alea/Talkway ................... 439
8.23 Alepo ................ 440
8.24 Alliander (450connect/Utility Connect) .............. 441
8.25 Allied Telesis ............... 442
8.26 Alpha Networks ............... 443
8.27 Alpha Technologies/EnerSys ............... 444
8.28 Alstom ................... 445
8.29 Altaeros ................. 446
8.30 Altair Semiconductor ................. 447
8.31 ALTÁN Redes ................... 448
8.32 Altice USA ................... 449
8.33 Altiostar Networks................ 450
8.34 Altran................ 451
8.35 Alvarion Technologies/SuperCom ............ 453
8.36 AM Telecom ............... 455
8.37 Amarisoft .................... 456
8.38 Amazon ................. 457
8.39 Ambra Solutions/Ecotel .................. 458
8.40 Amdocs .................. 460
8.41 American Tower Corporation .............. 462
8.42 Amit Wireless .................. 463
8.43 Amphenol Corporation .............. 464
8.44 Anktion (Fujian) Technology ................ 465
8.45 Anritsu Corporation .............. 466
8.46 ANS (Advanced Network Services) ................ 467
8.47 Antenna Company ................ 468
8.48 Anterix (pdvWireless) ................ 469
8.49 Apple ................ 470
8.50 Aqura Technologies (Veris) .................. 471
8.51 Arcadyan Technology Corporation ................ 472
8.52 Archos ................... 473
8.53 Arete M ................. 474
8.54 Argela/Netsia .................. 475
8.55 ArgoNET ................ 477
8.56 ARM.................. 478
8.57 Arqiva .................... 479
8.58 Artemis Networks/Rearden ................. 480
8.59 Artesyn Embedded Computing/SMART Global Holdings ............. 481
8.60 Artiza Networks ............... 482
8.61 ASELSAN ................ 483
8.62 ASOCS .................... 485
8.63 Assured Wireless Corporation ............. 486
8.64 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) ......... 487
8.65 ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)/Askey Computer Corporation/Aaeon Technology......... 489
8.66 AT&T................. 490
8.67 Atel Antennas .................. 491
8.68 Athonet ................. 492
8.69 ATN International/Geoverse ............... 493
8.70 Atos/Air-Lynx ................... 494
8.71 AttoCore ................ 495
8.72 Avanti Communications Group ................ 496
8.73 AVI .................... 497
8.74 Aviat Networks ................ 498
8.75 Axon ................. 500
8.76 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) ............. 501
8.77 Axxcss Wireless Solutions ............... 502
8.78 Azcom Technology ............... 503
8.79 Azetti Networks ............... 504
8.80 BAE Systems ............... 505
8.81 BAI Communications/Transit Wireless ............... 506
8.82 Baicells Technologies ................. 507
8.83 BandRich .................... 508
8.84 BandwidthX ................ 509
8.85 Barrett Communications ................ 510
8.86 BARTEC/Pixavi ................. 511
8.87 BATS (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems) .............. 512
8.88 Baylin Technologies (Galtronics Corporation, Advantech Wireless, Alga Microwave) ........ 513
8.89 BCE (Bell Canada) ................. 515
8.90 BEC Technologies ................. 516
8.91 Beeper Communications ................ 517
8.92 Benetel .................. 518
8.93 BesoVideo .................. 519
8.94 Billion Electric .................. 520
8.95 Bird Technologies ................. 521
8.96 Bittium Corporation .................. 522
8.97 Black & Veatch ................ 524
8.98 Black Box Corporation ............... 525
8.99 Blackned ................ 526
8.100 Blue Danube Systems ................ 527
8.101 Blue Wireless ................... 528
8.102 Bluebird ................. 529
8.103 BLUnet (Axpo WZ-Systems) ................. 530
8.104 Boingo Wireless ............... 531
8.105 Bombardier ................ 532
8.106 Booz Allen Hamilton .................. 533
8.107 Bouygues Telecom ............... 534
8.108 Boxchip .................. 535
8.109 Broadcom ................... 536
8.110 BroadForward ................. 537
8.111 Broadpeak .................. 538
8.112 BTI Wireless ................ 539
8.113 Bullitt/Cat Phones (Caterpillar)/Land Rover Explore .............. 540
8.114 Bureau Veritas/7Layers .................. 541
8.115 BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems) .............. 542
8.116 C Spire ................... 543
8.117 CableFree (Wireless Excellence) ............... 544
8.118 CableLabs/Kyrio ............... 545
8.119 CACI International/LGS Innovations .............. 546
8.120 CalAmp/LoJack ................ 548
8.121 Cambium Networks .............. 549
8.122 Cambridge Consultants .................. 550
8.123 CapX Nederland ............... 551
8.124 Casa Systems/NetComm Wireless ............ 552
8.125 Casio Computer Company .............. 554
8.126 CCI (Communication Components Inc.)/BLiNQ Networks ........... 555
8.127 CCI Systems ................ 556
8.128 CCN (Cirrus Core Networks) ................ 557
8.129 CellAntenna Corporation ................ 558
8.130 Cellnex Telecom .............. 559
8.131 cellXica .................. 560
8.132 Centerline Communications ................ 561
8.133 Ceragon Networks ................ 562
8.134 Challenge Networks .................. 563
8.135 Charter Communications................ 564
8.136 Chemring Technology Solutions ............... 565
8.137 Cheytec Telecommunications ............. 566
8.138 China Mobile ................... 567
8.139 China Telecom ................. 568
8.140 China Unicom .................. 569
8.141 CHPC (Cirtek Holdings Philippines Corporation)/ Quintel ............ 570
8.142 CICT (China Information and Communication Technology Group)/China Xinke Group ....... 571
8.143 Ciena Corporation ................ 573
8.144 Cirpack................... 574
8.145 Cisco Systems .................. 575
8.146 Cloudstreet ................. 577
8.147 Cobham Wireless ................. 578
8.148 Codan Communications ................. 579
8.149 Coherent Logix ................ 580
8.150 Collinear Networks ............... 581
8.151 Collins Aerospace/United Technologies Corporation ............. 582
8.152 Comba Telecom ............... 583
8.153 Comcast Corporation ................ 585
8.154 COMLAB ................ 586
8.155 CommAgility ............... 587
8.156 CommScope/ARRIS International/Ruckus Networks .............. 588
8.157 Comrod Communication Group ............... 590
8.158 Comtech Telecommunications Corporation ............ 591
8.159 CONET Technologies ................. 592
8.160 Connect Tech ................... 593
8.161 Contela .................. 594
8.162 Coolpad ................. 595
8.163 Cornet Technology ............... 596
8.164 Corning/SpiderCloud Wireless/iBwave Solutions .............. 597
8.165 Cox Communications ................. 599
8.166 Cradlepoint ................. 600
8.167 Crown Castle International Corporation ............. 601
8.168 CS Corporation ................ 602
8.169 Cubic Corporation/Deltenna ............... 603
8.170 CybertelBridge ................. 604
8.171 Dali Wireless ............... 605
8.172 DAMM Cellular Systems ................. 606
8.173 DBcom ................... 607
8.174 DEKRA.................... 608
8.175 Dell Technologies ................. 609
8.176 Delta/Agema ................... 610
8.177 Dialogic .................. 611
8.178 Digi International .................. 612
8.179 Digital Bridge Holdings/Colony Capital ............... 613
8.180 Digital Colony/Freshwave Group .............. 614
8.181 D-Link Corporation ............... 615
8.182 DMI................... 616
8.183 DragonWave-X ................ 617
8.184 Druid Software ................ 618
8.185 DT (Deutsche Telekom) .................. 619
8.186 Duons .................... 620
8.187 Durabook (Twinhead International Corporation) .............. 621
8.188 Easycom (Shenzhen Easycom Electronics) .............. 622
8.189 E-Band Communications (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)............. 623
8.190 EchoStar Corporation/Hughes Network Systems .............. 624
8.191 ECI Telecom ................ 625
8.192 Ecom Instruments/Pepperl+Fuchs ................ 626
8.193 EE/BT Group ............... 627
8.194 EION Wireless .................. 628
8.195 Ekinops/OneAccess .............. 629
8.196 Elbit Systems ................... 630
8.197 Elefante Group ................ 631
8.198 Elisa .................. 632
8.199 Elistair .................... 633
8.200 ELUON Corporation .............. 634
8.201 Embraer ................. 635
8.202 Emerson ................ 636
8.203 Encore Networks .................. 637
8.204 ENENSYS Technologies/Expway ............... 638
8.205 Enexis .................... 639
8.206 Epiroc .................... 640
8.207 Ericsson ................. 641
8.208 Essential Products ................ 643
8.209 Estalky (K-Mobile Technology) ............ 644
8.210 ETELM.................... 645
8.211 eTera Communication/Sinotech R&D Group ........... 646
8.212 Etherstack................... 647
8.213 Ethertronics/AVX Corporation (Kyocera) ............ 648
8.214 ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea) ......... 649
8.215 Etteplan ................. 650
8.216 Excelerate Group .................. 651
8.217 EXFO/Astellia ................... 652
8.218 Expeto ................... 653
8.219 ExteNet Systems .............. 654
8.220 Eyecom Telecommunications Group ............. 655
8.221 Facebook .................... 656
8.222 Fairspectrum ................... 659
8.223 Fairwaves ................... 660
8.224 Fastback Networks (CBF Networks) ............... 661
8.225 FCNT (Fujitsu Connected Technologies)/JEMS (Japan EM Solutions) ......... 662
8.226 Federated Wireless .............. 663
8.227 Fenix Group ................ 665
8.228 Fibocom Wireless ................. 666
8.229 Flash Private Mobile Networks ............ 667
8.230 Flightcell International .............. 668
8.231 Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems) ......... 669
8.232 Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute) ............... 670
8.233 Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits) .......... 671
8.234 Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology) ............ 672
8.235 Frequentis .................. 673
8.236 FRTek ................ 674
8.237 Fujian BelFone Communications Technology ............... 675
8.238 Fujitsu .................... 676
8.239 Funk-Electronic Piciorgros .............. 678
8.240 Funkwerk .................... 679
8.241 Future Technologies Venture .............. 680
8.242 GCT Semiconductor .............. 681
8.243 GE (General Electric).................. 682
8.244 Gemalto (Thales) .................. 683
8.245 Gemtek Technology.............. 684
8.246 Genaker ................. 685
8.247 General Dynamics Mission Systems .............. 686
8.248 GenXComm ................ 688
8.249 Geotab................... 689
8.250 Getac Technology Corporation ............ 690
8.251 Gilat Satellite Networks .................. 691
8.252 Globalstar ................... 692
8.253 Gogo ................. 693
8.254 Goodman Networks .................. 694
8.255 Goodmill Systems ................. 695
8.256 Google/Alphabet .................. 696
8.257 Green Packet ................... 698
8.258 GRENTECH .................. 699
8.259 GroupTalk ................... 700
8.260 GSI (GS Instech)/GST (GS Teletech) ............... 701
8.261 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) ............. 702
8.262 Halys ................. 703
8.263 Handheld Group .............. 704
8.264 HAPSMobile/AeroVironment .............. 705
8.265 Harbor Max ................ 706
8.266 HBFEC (Hebei Far East Communication System Engineering)........... 707
8.267 HCL Technologies ................. 708
8.268 HFR ................... 709
8.269 HISPASAT Group .............. 710
8.270 Hitachi/Hitachi Rail STS .................. 711
8.271 HMD Global ................ 713
8.272 Hoimyung ICT .................. 714
8.273 Hon Hai Precision Industry/Foxconn Technology Group/Sharp Corporation ....... 715
8.274 Honeywell International ................. 717
8.275 Hoverfly Technologies ............... 718
8.276 HP ................ 719
8.277 HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) ............ 720
8.278 HTC Corporation .............. 722
8.279 Huawei/HiSilicon .................. 723
8.280 Huber+Suhner ................. 726
8.281 Hytera Communications/Sepura/Teltronic.............. 727
8.282 IAI (Israel Aerospace Industries)/Elta Systems ............. 729
8.283 IBM Corporation/Red Hat............... 730
8.284 Ice Group .................... 732
8.285 Icom ................. 733
8.286 IDEMIA .................. 734
8.287 IDY Corporation ............... 735
8.288 IMPTT .................... 736
8.289 Indra ................. 737
8.290 INET (Infrastructure Networks) ................ 738
8.291 Infinera/Coriant ............... 739
8.292 Infomark Corporation ................ 740
8.293 Infovista ................. 741
8.294 Inmarsat ................ 742
8.295 Inrico (Shenzhen Inrico Electronics) .............. 743
8.296 Inseego Corporation .................. 744
8.297 Instant Connect ............... 745
8.298 Intel Corporation .................. 746
8.299 Intelsat .................. 748
8.300 InterDigital ................. 749
8.301 Interop Technologies ................. 750
8.302 Intracom Telecom ................ 751
8.303 IoT4Net.................. 752
8.304 ip.access ................ 753
8.305 IPITEK (Integrated Photonics Technology) ............... 755
8.306 IPLOOK Networks ................. 756
8.307 Iradio Electronics .................. 757
8.308 Iridium Communications ................ 758
8.309 ISCO International ................ 759
8.310 Iskratel ................... 760
8.311 IS-Wireless .................. 761
8.312 Italtel/Exprivia ................. 762
8.313 ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan) .............. 763
8.314 IWT (Innovative Wireless Technologies) ............. 764
8.315 Jaton Technology.................. 765
8.316 JCI (Japan Communications Inc.)/Contour Networks ............. 766
8.317 JMA Wireless/PHAZR ................. 767
8.318 JRC (Japan Radio Company)................. 768
8.319 Juni Global .................. 770
8.320 Juniper Networks ................. 771
8.321 JVCKENWOOD Corporation/Zetron ............... 772
8.322 Kalmar (Cargotec) ................. 773
8.323 Kathrein Mobile Communication (Ericsson) ............ 774
8.324 KBR ................... 775
8.325 Key Bridge Wireless .............. 776
8.326 Keysight Technologies ............... 777
8.327 Kirisun Communications ................. 779
8.328 Kisan Telecom ................. 780
8.329 Klas Telecom ................... 781
8.330 Klein Electronics .............. 782
8.331 Kleos ................. 783
8.332 KMW ................ 784
8.333 Komatsu/Modular Mining Systems ............... 785
8.334 Konecranes ................. 786
8.335 KPN/KPN Critical Communications ................ 787
8.336 KT Corporation ................ 788
8.337 Kudelski Group ................ 789
8.338 KUKA ................ 790
8.339 Kumu Networks ............... 791
8.340 K-Won/Hunter Technology.................. 792
8.341 Kymeta Corporation .................. 793
8.342 Kyocera Corporation ................. 794
8.343 L3Harris Technologies ............... 795
8.344 Landmark Dividend .............. 797
8.345 LCR Embedded Systems ................. 798
8.346 Leidos .................... 799
8.347 Lemko Corporation ............... 800
8.348 Lenovo/Motorola Mobility .................. 801
8.349 Leonardo .................... 803
8.350 LG Corporation/LG Electronics/LG Innotek ............. 804
8.351 LG Uplus ................ 805
8.352 Ligado Networks .............. 806
8.353 Lime Microsystems ............... 807
8.354 Lisheng Fujian Communications ............... 808
8.355 Lociva .................... 809
8.356 Lockheed Martin Corporation ............. 810
8.357 LS telcom .................... 811
8.358 Marlink Group ................. 812
8.359 Martin UAV................. 813
8.360 Marvell Technology Group .................. 814
8.361 Mavenir Systems .................. 815
8.362 MediaTek.................... 817
8.363 Mellanox Technologies .............. 818
8.364 MER Group ................. 819
8.365 Metaswitch Networks ............... 820
8.366 Metro Network Services ................. 821
8.367 Microlab ................ 822
8.368 Microsoft Corporation ............... 823
8.369 Microwave Networks ................ 824
8.370 MitraStar Technology Corporation ................ 825
8.371 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation ................ 826
8.372 Mobile Tornado ............... 827
8.373 MobileDemand ................ 828
8.374 Mobilicom .................. 829
8.375 Mobilitie ................ 830
8.376 Motorola Solutions ............... 831
8.377 MP Antenna ............... 835
8.378 MTI (Microelectronics Technology, Inc.) ............ 836
8.379 Multi-Tech Systems .............. 837
8.380 Mushroom Networks ................ 838
8.381 Mutualink ................... 839
8.382 MVM NET ................... 840
8.383 MYT Electronics ............... 841
8.384 N.A.T. ................ 842
8.385 Nash Technologies ............... 844
8.386 NEC Corporation .............. 845
8.387 Nemergent Solutions ................. 847
8.388 Neolink Communications Technology ................ 848
8.389 Neptune Mobile .............. 849
8.390 Net1 International ................ 850
8.391 Netas ................ 851
8.392 NetCity (GEOS Telecom/GEOS Holding) ............. 852
8.393 Netgear ................. 853
8.394 NetMotion Software ................. 854
8.395 NetNumber ................ 855
8.396 NETSCOUT Systems .............. 856
8.397 Neutral Connect Networks/Connectivity Wireless Solutions (M/C Partners) ....... 857
8.398 New Postcom Equipment ............... 858
8.399 Nextivity ................ 859
8.400 NI (National Instruments) ............... 860
8.401 Node-H .................. 861
8.402 Nokia ................ 862
8.403 Nominet ................ 864
8.404 Nordic Telecom ............... 865
8.405 Northrop Grumman Corporation ............. 866
8.406 Nsight/Cellcom ................ 867
8.407 Nubia Technology (ZTE) .................. 868
8.408 NuRAN Wireless/Nutaq Innovation ............... 869
8.409 NXP Semiconductors ................. 870
8.410 Oceus Networks .............. 871
8.411 Octasic ................... 873
8.412 ODN (Orbital Data Network) ............... 874
8.413 Omnitele .................... 875
8.414 One2many .................. 876
8.415 OneWeb ................ 877
8.416 OPPO/Vivo/OnePlus/Realme (BBK Electronics Corporation)............ 878
8.417 Oracle Communications ................. 879
8.418 Orange ................... 880
8.419 Orion Labs .................. 881
8.420 PacStar (Pacific Star Communications) ............... 882
8.421 Panasonic Corporation/Panasonic Avionics Corporation/AeroMobile Communications ......... 883
8.422 Panda Electronics ................. 884
8.423 Panorama Antennas .................. 885
8.424 Parallel Wireless .............. 886
8.425 Parsons Corporation .................. 887
8.426 Pavlov Media ................... 888
8.427 PCTEL ................ 889
8.428 PCTEST Lab (PCTEST Engineering Laboratory) .............. 890
8.429 Pei Tel Communications/Peiker................ 891
8.430 Pentonet................ 892
8.431 Pepro ................ 893
8.432 Perspecta Labs................. 894
8.433 Phluido .................. 895
8.434 Pierson Wireless .............. 896
8.435 Plover Bay Technologies (Peplink/Pepwave) ........... 897
8.436 PoCStar (Shanli Tongyi Information Technology) .............. 898
8.437 Polaris Networks .................. 899
8.438 Potevio .................. 900
8.439 PRESCOM ................... 901
8.440 PrioCom ................. 902
8.441 PTI (Persistent Telecom Inc.)/NetGenuity/RIVA Networks .......... 903
8.442 Publicis Sapient ............... 905
8.443 Puloli ................ 906
8.444 Qinetiq .................. 907
8.445 QuadGen Wireless Solutions ............... 908
8.446 Qualcomm .................. 909
8.447 Quanta Computer/QCT (Quanta Cloud Technology) .............. 911
8.448 Quantum Wireless ................ 912
8.449 Quectel Wireless Solutions .................. 913
8.450 Qulsar .................... 914
8.451 Quortus ................. 915
8.452 RACOM Corporation .................. 917
8.453 RAD Data Communications ................. 918
8.454 Radio IP Software ................. 919
8.455 Radisys Corporation/Reliance Industries ............ 920
8.456 RADWIN ................ 922
8.457 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems ................ 923
8.458 Rajant Corporation ............... 924
8.459 Range Networks .............. 925
8.460 Raycap/STEALTH Concealment Solutions ................ 926
8.461 Raytheon Company .............. 927
8.462 Red Rover ................... 928
8.463 RED Technologies ................. 929
8.464 REDCOM Laboratories/IMSWorkX ................ 930
8.465 Redline Communications ................ 931
8.466 REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks/Bridgewave Communications/SAGE SatCom (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) ..... 932
8.467 Rescue 42/PodRunner ............... 933
8.468 RF Window ................. 934
8.469 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) ................ 935
8.470 Ribbon Communications ................ 936
8.471 Rivada Networks .................. 937
8.472 Robert Bosch ................... 938
8.473 Robustel ................ 939
8.474 Rogers Communications ................. 940
8.475 Rohde & Schwarz ................. 941
8.476 Rohill ................ 942
8.477 Rosenberger ............... 943
8.478 RTX A/S .................. 944
8.479 RugGear ................. 945
8.480 Ruijie Networks ............... 946
8.481 S&T/Kontron/Kapsch CarrierCom ............. 947
8.482 Saab .................. 948
8.483 SafeMobile ................. 949
8.484 Safran/ZII (Zodiac Inflight Innovations) .............. 950
8.485 SAI Technology ................ 951
8.486 SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation) ........... 952
8.487 Samji Electronics .................. 953
8.488 Samsung ................ 954
8.489 Sandvik .................. 956
8.490 Sanjole ................... 957
8.491 SBA Communications Corporation ................ 958
8.492 Schneider Electric ................. 959
8.493 Seowon Intech ................. 960
8.494 Sequans Communications .............. 961
8.495 Sercomm Corporation ............... 962
8.496 SES .................... 963
8.497 SFR/Altice France ................. 964
8.498 SGS ................... 965
8.499 Sharp Corporation/Dynabook (Foxconn) ............ 966
8.500 Shentel (Shenandoah Telecommunications Company) .......... 967
8.501 Shenzhen Recoda Technologies ............... 968
8.502 SIAE Microelettronica/SM Optics ............. 969
8.503 Siemens/Siemens Mobility .................. 970
8.504 Sierra Wireless................. 971
8.505 Signal Information & Communication Corporation ........... 972
8.506 Siklu Communication ................. 973
8.507 Silicom SAS (France) .................. 974
8.508 Simoco Wireless Solutions.............. 975
8.509 Singtel/Optus .................. 976
8.510 SiRRAN Communications ................ 977
8.511 SITRONICS .................. 978
8.512 Siyata Mobile/Uniden ................ 979
8.513 SK Telecom ................. 980
8.514 SK Telesys ................... 981
8.515 SLA Corporation/ESChat ................. 982
8.516 SmartSky Networks .............. 983
8.517 SoftBank Group/BBB (BB Backbone Corporation) ............. 984
8.518 Softil ................. 985
8.519 SOLiD ................ 986
8.520 Soliton Systems ............... 987
8.521 Sonim Technologies.............. 988
8.522 Sony Corporation/Sony Mobile Communications ............. 989
8.523 Sooktha ................. 991
8.524 Southern Linc .................. 992
8.525 Space Data Corporation ................. 993
8.526 Spectra Group ................. 994
8.527 Speedcast International ................. 995
8.528 SPIE Group .................. 996
8.529 Spirent Communications ................ 997
8.530 Sporton International ................ 999
8.531 Sprint Corporation .............. 1000
8.532 SRS (Software Radio Systems) ................ 1001
8.533 ST Engineering iDirect .................. 1002
8.534 Star Microwave .................. 1003
8.535 Star Solutions ................ 1004
8.536 Steep ................... 1006
8.537 Steveco ................ 1007
8.538 STMicroelectronics .................. 1008
8.539 sTraffic ................. 1009
8.540 StrattoOpencell (Digital Colony/Freshwave Group) ............. 1010
8.541 StreamWIDE .................. 1011
8.542 Sumitomo Electric Industries ............. 1012
8.543 Sunsea AIoT/SIMCom Wireless Solutions/Longsung Technology ........ 1013
8.544 Suzhou Aquila Solutions (Aquila Wireless) ............ 1014
8.545 Swisscom/Swisscom Broadcast .............. 1015
8.546 Syniverse Technologies ................ 1016
8.547 System Innovation Group .................. 1017
8.548 T&W (Shenzhen Gongjin Electronics) ............... 1018
8.549 TacSat Networks ................. 1019
8.550 Tait Communications............... 1020
8.551 Talk-IP International ................ 1021
8.552 Talkpod Technology ................ 1022
8.553 Tampa Microwave (Thales) ............... 1023
8.554 Tampnet ................... 1024
8.555 Tango Networks ................. 1025
8.556 Taoglas ................ 1026
8.557 TASSTA ................ 1027
8.558 Tata Elxsi .................. 1028
8.559 TCL Communication (TCL/Alcatel/BlackBerry) ............ 1029
8.560 TCOM .................. 1030
8.561 TD Tech................ 1031
8.562 Tech Mahindra .............. 1032
8.563 Technicolor ............... 1033
8.564 Tecom .................. 1034
8.565 Tecore Networks ................ 1035
8.566 TEKTELIC Communications ................ 1036
8.567 Telco Systems/BATM Advanced Communications .......... 1037
8.568 Teldat .................. 1038
8.569 Tele2 Russia/SkyLink ............... 1039
8.570 Telecom26 ................ 1040
8.571 Telefónica Group ................ 1041
8.572 Telenor Group/Telenor Maritime ................ 1042
8.573 Telespazio (Leonardo/Thales) ................ 1043
8.574 TeleWare/PMN (Private Mobile Networks) ........... 1044
8.575 Teleworld Solutions ................. 1045
8.576 Telia Company ............... 1046
8.577 Telit Communications .............. 1047
8.578 Tellabs ................. 1048
8.579 Telo Systems Corporation ................. 1049
8.580 Telrad Networks ................. 1050
8.581 Telstra ................. 1051
8.582 Telus .................... 1052
8.583 Teracom Group/Net1 Sweden (Netett Sverige) .............. 1053
8.584 TESSCO Technologies/Ventev ............ 1054
8.585 Thales .................. 1055
8.586 TI (Texas Instruments) .................. 1057
8.587 Tillman Infrastructure .............. 1058
8.588 TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) .............. 1059
8.589 TLC Solutions ................. 1060
8.590 T-Mobile US ................... 1061
8.591 TOKIE Solutions/Irvees Technology ............. 1062
8.592 Toshiba Corporation ................ 1063
8.593 Trópico/CPqD (Center for Research and Development in Telecommunications, Brazil) ........ 1064
8.594 Twilio/CND (Core Network Dynamics) .............. 1065
8.595 U.S. Cellular ................... 1066
8.596 UANGEL .................... 1067
8.597 U-Blox .................. 1068
8.598 Ubicquia ................... 1069
8.599 UK Broadband/Three UK (CK Hutchison Holdings) .......... 1070
8.600 Ukkoverkot ............... 1071
8.601 UL ................... 1072
8.602 UNIMO Technology ................. 1073
8.603 Unisoc.................. 1074
8.604 UniStrong ................. 1075
8.605 URSYS .................. 1076
8.606 Utility (Utility Associates) .................. 1077
8.607 Vanu .................... 1078
8.608 Verizon Communications .................. 1079
8.609 Vertical Bridge ............... 1080
8.610 Verveba Telecom ................ 1081
8.611 Viasat ................... 1082
8.612 Viavi Solutions ............... 1083
8.613 VINCI Energies/Koning & Hartman/Sysoco ............ 1085
8.614 VinSmart/Vingroup.................. 1086
8.615 Virtualnetcom/VNC (Virtual Network Communications) ........... 1087
8.616 Vislink Technologies ................ 1088
8.617 Vivint Internet ............... 1089
8.618 VMware .................... 1090
8.619 VNL (Vihaan Networks Limited) .............. 1091
8.620 Vodafone Group ................. 1092
8.621 Voentelecom ................. 1093
8.622 Volvo CE (Construction Equipment) ............ 1094
8.623 Voxer ................... 1095
8.624 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ............. 1096
8.625 VVDN Technologies ................. 1097
8.626 Wave Wireless ............... 1098
8.627 Wavetel Technology ................ 1099
8.628 Westell Technologies .............. 1100
8.629 WH Bence Group ................ 1101
8.630 Widelity .................... 1102
8.631 WIG (Wireless Infrastructure Group)................ 1103
8.632 Wildox (Shenzhen Happy Technology) ............. 1104
8.633 Wipro .................. 1105
8.634 Wireless Logic Group ............... 1106
8.635 Wireless Technologies Finland ............... 1107
8.636 Wireless Telecom Group .............. 1108
8.637 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) ................ 1109
8.638 Wouxun (Quanzhou Wouxun Electronics) ............. 1111
8.639 WTL (World Telecom Labs) ................ 1112
8.640 Wytec International ................ 1113
8.641 XCOM/M87 ................... 1114
8.642 Xiaomi Corporation ................. 1115
8.643 Xilinx .................... 1116
8.644 XipLink/Sevis Systems.............. 1117
8.645 Yageo Corporation/Pulse Electronics ............... 1118
8.646 Yanton (Quanzhou Yanton Electronics) ............ 1119
8.647 Yokogawa Electric Corporation .............. 1120
8.648 Z-Com .................. 1121
8.649 Zcomax Technologies .............. 1122
8.650 Zebra Technologies ................. 1123
8.651 Zello ................ 1124
8.652 ZenFi Networks.............. 1125
8.653 Zetel Solutions ............... 1126
8.654 Zinwave/McWane .............. 1127
8.655 Zmtel (Shanghai Zhongmi Communication Technology) ........... 1128
8.656 ZTE/Caltta ................. 1129
8.657 Zyxel Communications Corporation ............ 1131
9 Chapter 9: Market Sizing & Forecasts ........ 1132
9.1 Global Outlook for Private LTE & 5G Network Investments ........... 1132
9.2 Segmentation by Submarket ............. 1133
9.2.1 RAN ................ 1133
9.2.2 Mobile Core .................. 1134
9.2.3 Backhaul & Transport.............. 1134
9.3 Segmentation by Technology ............ 1135
9.3.1 Private LTE ............... 1135
9.3.1.1 RAN................ 1136
9.3.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1137
9.3.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1137
9.3.2 Private 5G ................ 1138
9.3.2.1 RAN................ 1138
9.3.2.2 Mobile Core .................. 1139
9.3.2.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1140
9.4 Segmentation by Spectrum Type ................ 1141
9.4.1 Licensed Spectrum .................. 1142
9.4.2 Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum ................ 1143
9.5 Segmentation by Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Frequency Band ............ 1144
9.5.1 1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT ................. 1145
9.5.2 2.4 GHz ................ 1146
9.5.3 3.5 GHz CBRS................. 1147
9.5.4 5 GHz................... 1148
9.5.5 Other Bands .................. 1149
9.6 Segmentation by Vertical Market ................ 1150
9.6.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT .............. 1151
9.6.1.1 RAN................ 1152
9.6.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1153
9.6.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1153
9.6.2 Public Safety ................. 1154
9.6.2.1 RAN................ 1155
9.6.2.2 Mobile Core .................. 1156
9.6.2.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1156
9.6.3 Military ............... 1157
9.6.3.1 RAN................ 1158
9.6.3.2 Mobile Core .................. 1159
9.6.3.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1159
9.6.4 Energy ................. 1160
9.6.4.1 RAN................ 1161
9.6.4.2 Mobile Core .................. 1162
9.6.4.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1162
9.6.5 Utilities ................ 1163
9.6.5.1 RAN................ 1164
9.6.5.2 Mobile Core .................. 1165
9.6.5.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1165
9.6.6 Mining ................. 1166
9.6.6.1 RAN................ 1167
9.6.6.2 Mobile Core .................. 1168
9.6.6.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1168
9.6.7 Transportation .............. 1169
9.6.7.1 RAN................ 1170
9.6.7.2 Mobile Core .................. 1171
9.6.7.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1171
9.6.8 Factories & Warehouses .............. 1172
9.6.8.1 RAN................ 1173
9.6.8.2 Mobile Core .................. 1174
9.6.8.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1174
9.6.9 Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors ........... 1175
9.6.9.1 RAN................ 1176
9.6.9.2 Mobile Core .................. 1177
9.6.9.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1177
9.6.10 Enterprise & Campus Environments ................ 1178
9.6.10.1 RAN................ 1179
9.6.10.2 Mobile Core .................. 1180
9.6.10.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1180
9.6.11 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts .............. 1181
9.6.11.1 RAN................ 1182
9.6.11.2 Mobile Core .................. 1183
9.6.11.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1183
9.7 Segmentation by Region .............. 1184
9.7.1 Submarkets .............. 1184
9.7.1.1 RAN................ 1184
9.7.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1185
9.7.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1185
9.7.2 Vertical Markets ................. 1186
9.7.2.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT ............. 1186
9.7.2.2 Enterprise & Campus Environments ........... 1189
9.7.2.3 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts .............. 1192
9.8 Asia Pacific ................ 1195
9.8.1 Submarkets .............. 1195
9.8.1.1 RAN................ 1195
9.8.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1196
9.8.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1196
9.8.2 Vertical Markets ................. 1197
9.8.2.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT ............. 1197
9.8.2.2 Enterprise & Campus Environments ........... 1200
9.8.2.3 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts .............. 1203
9.9 Eastern Europe .............. 1206
9.9.1 Submarkets .............. 1206
9.9.1.1 RAN................ 1206
9.9.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1207
9.9.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1207
9.9.2 Vertical Markets ................. 1208
9.9.2.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT ............. 1208
9.9.2.2 Enterprise & Campus Environments ........... 1211
9.9.2.3 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts .............. 1214
9.10 Latin & Central America ............... 1217
9.10.1 Submarkets .............. 1217
9.10.1.1 RAN................ 1217
9.10.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1218
9.10.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1218
9.10.2 Vertical Markets ................. 1219
9.10.2.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT ............. 1219
9.10.2.2 Enterprise & Campus Environments ........... 1222
9.10.2.3 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts .............. 1225
9.11 Middle East & Africa ................ 1228
9.11.1 Submarkets .............. 1228
9.11.1.1 RAN................ 1228
9.11.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1229
9.11.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1229
9.11.2 Vertical Markets ................. 1230
9.11.2.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT ............. 1230
9.11.2.2 Enterprise & Campus Environments ........... 1233
9.11.2.3 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts .............. 1236
9.12 North America ............... 1239
9.12.1 Submarkets .............. 1239
9.12.1.1 RAN................ 1239
9.12.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1240
9.12.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1240
9.12.2 Vertical Markets ................. 1241
9.12.2.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT ............. 1241
9.12.2.2 Enterprise & Campus Environments ........... 1244
9.12.2.3 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts .............. 1247
9.13 Western Europe ................. 1250
9.13.1 Submarkets .............. 1250
9.13.1.1 RAN................ 1250
9.13.1.2 Mobile Core .................. 1251
9.13.1.3 Backhaul & Transport ............. 1251
9.13.2 Vertical Markets ................. 1252
9.13.2.1 Critical Communications & Industrial IoT ............. 1252
9.13.2.2 Enterprise & Campus Environments ........... 1255
9.13.2.3 Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts .............. 1258
10 Chapter 10: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations ....... 1261
10.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? ............ 1261
10.2 Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Consolidation & Strategic Alliances ......... 1262
10.3 Which Licensed Spectrum Bands Dominate the Market?.......... 1263
10.3.1 Sub-500 MHz Bands ................ 1263
10.3.2 700/800/900 MHz .............. 1264
10.3.3 1.4 – 3.8 GHz ................. 1264
10.3.4 Higher Frequencies ................. 1264
10.4 Evolving Regulatory Environment for Spectrum Licensing ............. 1265
10.5 Prospects of Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Networks ........ 1266
10.6 Opportunities for Smaller Vendors & System Integrators .............. 1268
10.7 Opening the Door to Industrial & Mission/Business-Critical IoT Services ........... 1268
10.8 Delivering Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Wireless Connectivity for Industry 4.0 ....... 1269
10.9 Creating Smarter Cities with Dedicated Wireless Networks ........... 1270
10.10 The Emergence of Private 5G Networks ................ 1271
10.11 Practical Examples of Private 5G Network Applications ............ 1272
10.11.1 UHD (Ultra-High Definition) Video Delivery .......... 1272
10.11.2 Connected Robotics for Factory Automation ............. 1272
10.11.3 Massive-Scale Sensor Networking .............. 1273
10.11.4 AR-Assisted Industrial Applications ............. 1273
10.11.5 VR-Based Military Training Programs ............... 1273
10.11.6 AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) ............ 1274
10.11.7 Automated Cranes & Terminal Tractors........... 1274
10.11.8 Remote Control of Heavy Construction Machinery ............. 1274
10.11.9 Drones for Mission-Critical Services ............ 1274
10.11.10 Teleprotection for Smart Grids .............. 1275
10.11.11 Port & Terminal Automation ............. 1275
10.11.12 5G-Equipped Robots for the Inspection of Gas Leaks .......... 1276
10.11.13 Smart Helmets for Critical Inspections ............. 1276
10.11.14 Predictive Pipe Maintenance ............ 1276
10.12 Continued Investments in Private LTE Networks for Public Safety & Critical Communications ........ 1277
10.13 When Will LTE & 5G NR Replace GSM-R for Railway Communications? ............ 1278
10.14 The Role of Mobile Operators ................ 1279
10.14.1 Operator Built & Managed Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Networks .......... 1279
10.14.2 Private MVNO Arrangements ................ 1279
10.14.3 Operator-Branded LTE/5G Critical Communications Platforms .......... 1280
10.14.4 Local Private LTE/5G Networks as a Managed Service .............. 1280
10.14.5 Private LTE/5G Data Processing with Edge Computing ............. 1281
10.14.6 Logical Slicing of Mobile Operator Network Assets.............. 1281
10.14.7 Dedicated Access to Licensed Spectrum ............... 1281
10.14.8 BYON (Build-Your-Own-Network) Solutions.......... 1282
10.15 The Importance of Roaming in Private LTE & 5G Networks ........... 1283
10.16 Neutral-Host & Wholesale Operators: New Business Models with Private LTE/5G Networks .... 1283
10.17 Growing Adoption of Deployable LTE & 5G-Ready Systems ........... 1284
10.18 Strategic Recommendations ............. 1284
10.18.1 Vertical Industries & End Users .............. 1284
10.18.2 LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Suppliers .......... 1285
10.18.3 System Integrators .................. 1286
10.18.4 Commercial & Private Mobile Operators .............. 1286
List of Figures
Figure 1: Basic Components of a Digital LMR Network ..................... 65
Figure 2: LTE Connection Speed Compared to 3G & Wi-Fi Networks (Mbps) .................. 69
Figure 3: Global LTE & 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2030 (Millions)................ 70
Figure 4: 5G Performance Requirements...................... 72
Figure 5: Independent Private LTE/5G Network ..................... 75
Figure 6: Managed Private LTE/5G Network ...................... 76
Figure 7: Shared Core Private LTE/5G Network ...................... 77
Figure 8: Hybrid Commercial-Private LTE/5G Network ..................... 78
Figure 9: Commercial LTE/5G Network with a Private Mobile Core ................. 79
Figure 10: Private LTE & 5G Network Architecture .....................100
Figure 11: 5G NR-RAN Architecture ........................103
Figure 12: 5GC (5G Core) Service-Based Architecture ......................108
Figure 13: Sidelink Air Interface for ProSe (Proximity Services) ..................118
Figure 14: Transition from Normal Backhaul Connectivity to Isolated E-UTRAN Operation ................119
Figure 15: Telefónica's Portable LTE NIB (Network-in-Box) System .................120
Figure 16: Use Cases of eMTC and NB-IoT Technologies ..................122
Figure 17: End-to-End Security in Private LTE & 5G Networks ...................125
Figure 18: Conceptual Architecture for End-to-End Network Slicing in Mobile Networks ..................133
Figure 19: NFV Concept ......................134
Figure 20: C-RAN Architecture ......................136
Figure 21: Military LTE/5G Network Architecture ..................142
Figure 22: Key Elements & RF Site Coverage of Air France's Private LTE Network ...............153
Figure 23: Air France's LTE & 5G Adoption Roadmap ..................154
Figure 24: IoT Services Over BBB's sXGP-Based Private LTE Network Platform ...................158
Figure 25: Beach Energy's LTE-Equipped Vehicles..................160
Figure 26: Busan Transportation Corporation’s LTE-R Network .................163
Figure 27: Inmarsat and Deutsche Telekom's EAN (European Aviation Network) ...............169
Figure 28: Enel's Future Vision for Private LTE & 5G Networks ..................174
Figure 29: FirstNet Deployment Plan & Timeline ...................179
Figure 30: Airbus' BLR-LTE Platform for the French Army .....................184
Figure 31: Infrastructure Networks' Fast L2 Architecture .....................195
Figure 32: Infrastructure Networks' Private LTE Network for Critical Infrastructure ................196
Figure 33: KRNA's Wonju-Gangneung HSR (High-Speed Railway) Line .................202
Figure 34: LG Chem's Private LTE Network for IoT Services ..................205
Figure 35: Ocado's 4G-Based Wireless Control System for Warehouse Automation ................209
Figure 36: User Segments and Applications of the RESCAN LTE Network..................219
Figure 37: Rio Tinto's Private LTE Network .......................221
Figure 38: Key Architectural Elements of the Rivas Vaciamadrid Smart eLTE Network..................224
Figure 39: Deployable LTE Platform & Terminals for the Tham Luang Cave Rescue .................226
Figure 40: Shanghai Police Convergent Command Center ....................229
Figure 41: South Korea’s Safe-Net Deployment Plan & Timeline ....................231
Figure 42: Southern Linc's LTE Network Architecture ......................234
Figure 43: Tampnet's LTE Coverage in the North Sea..................237
Figure 44: Tampnet's LTE & GSM Coverage in the Gulf of Mexico ..................238
Figure 45: Ukkoverkot's Hardened, Multi-Access Mobile Broadband Service Architecture for Critical Communications ............244
Figure 46: United Kingdom's ESN Deployment Timeline ..................250
Figure 47: Zhengzhou Metro's LTE-Based Train-Ground Communications Network ................253
Figure 48: 3.5 GHz CBRS Three-Tiered Shared Spectrum in the United States ...............340
Figure 49: ETSI's Critical Communications System Reference Model ...................371
Figure 50: SpiceNet (Standardized PPDR Interoperable Communication Service for Europe) Reference Architecture ..........381
Figure 51: Future Roadmap for Private LTE & 5G Networks: 2020 – 2030.................404
Figure 52: Private LTE & 5G Network Value Chain ......................409
Figure 53: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1132
Figure 54: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1133
Figure 55: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................. 1133
Figure 56: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)............... 1134
Figure 57: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1134
Figure 58: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Technology: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1135
Figure 59: Global Private LTE Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................ 1135
Figure 60: Global Private LTE Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ............ 1136
Figure 61: Global Private LTE Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................ 1136
Figure 62: Global Private LTE Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .................. 1137
Figure 63: Global Private LTE Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1137
Figure 64: Global Private 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .................. 1138
Figure 65: Global Private 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ............. 1138
Figure 66: Global Private 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................. 1139
Figure 67: Global Private 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................... 1139
Figure 68: Global Private 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1140
Figure 69: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments by Spectrum Type: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) .......... 1141
Figure 70: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue by Spectrum Type: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1141
Figure 71: Global Licensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ............. 1142
Figure 72: Global Licensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1142
Figure 73: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ............ 1143
Figure 74: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)........... 1143
Figure 75: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments by Frequency Band: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)....... 1144
Figure 76: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue by Frequency Band: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1144
Figure 77: Global 1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ......... 1145
Figure 78: Global 1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1145
Figure 79: Global 2.4 GHz Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ............. 1146
Figure 80: Global 2.4 GHz Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1146
Figure 81: Global 3.5 GHz CBRS Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ......... 1147
Figure 82: Global 3.5 GHz CBRS Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1147
Figure 83: Global 5 GHz Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)........... 1148
Figure 84: Global 5 GHz Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1148
Figure 85: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Other Bands: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ........ 1149
Figure 86: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Other Bands: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1149
Figure 87: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Vertical Market: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1150
Figure 88: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1151
Figure 89: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1151
Figure 90: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 .............. 1152
Figure 91: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)......... 1152
Figure 92: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1153
Figure 93: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1153
Figure 94: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1154
Figure 95: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Public Safety Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1154
Figure 96: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030 ............... 1155
Figure 97: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million).......... 1155
Figure 98: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1156
Figure 99: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million).............. 1156
Figure 100: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1157
Figure 101: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Military Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1157
Figure 102: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030 ................ 1158
Figure 103: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1158
Figure 104: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1159
Figure 105: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1159
Figure 106: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1160
Figure 107: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Energy Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1160
Figure 108: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030............. 1161
Figure 109: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1161
Figure 110: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1162
Figure 111: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1162
Figure 112: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1163
Figure 113: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Utilities Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1163
Figure 114: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030 ................ 1164
Figure 115: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)........... 1164
Figure 116: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1165
Figure 117: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1165
Figure 118: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1166
Figure 119: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Mining Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1166
Figure 120: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030 ............ 1167
Figure 121: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1167
Figure 122: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1168
Figure 123: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1168
Figure 124: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1169
Figure 125: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Transportation Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1169
Figure 126: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030 ............... 1170
Figure 127: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1170
Figure 128: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1171
Figure 129: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1171
Figure 130: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1172
Figure 131: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1172
Figure 132: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030 .......... 1173
Figure 133: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1173
Figure 134: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1174
Figure 135: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)......... 1174
Figure 136: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1175
Figure 137: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1175
Figure 138: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030 .......... 1176
Figure 139: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .... 1176
Figure 140: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1177
Figure 141: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1177
Figure 142: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)........... 1178
Figure 143: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1178
Figure 144: Global Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) .......... 1179
Figure 145: Global Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1179
Figure 146: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1180
Figure 147: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1180
Figure 148: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)......... 1181
Figure 149: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1181
Figure 150: Global Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ........ 1182
Figure 151: Global Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1182
Figure 152: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1183
Figure 153: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1183
Figure 154: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1184
Figure 155: Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1184
Figure 156: Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................. 1185
Figure 157: Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1185
Figure 158: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1186
Figure 159: Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ........... 1186
Figure 160: Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1187
Figure 161: Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1187
Figure 162: Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1188
Figure 163: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1189
Figure 164: Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ......... 1189
Figure 165: Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1190
Figure 166: Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1190
Figure 167: Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1191
Figure 168: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1192
Figure 169: Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ....... 1192
Figure 170: Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1193
Figure 171: Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1193
Figure 172: Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1194
Figure 173: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1195
Figure 174: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .................. 1195
Figure 175: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1196
Figure 176: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................ 1196
Figure 177: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1197
Figure 178: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 .......... 1197
Figure 179: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1198
Figure 180: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1198
Figure 181: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1199
Figure 182: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1200
Figure 183: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ........ 1200
Figure 184: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1201
Figure 185: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1201
Figure 186: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1202
Figure 187: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1203
Figure 188: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ...... 1203
Figure 189: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1204
Figure 190: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1204
Figure 191: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1205
Figure 192: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1206
Figure 193: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................ 1206
Figure 194: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1207
Figure 195: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1207
Figure 196: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1208
Figure 197: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030......... 1208
Figure 198: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1209
Figure 199: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1209
Figure 200: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1210
Figure 201: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1211
Figure 202: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ...... 1211
Figure 203: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1212
Figure 204: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1212
Figure 205: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1213
Figure 206: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1214
Figure 207: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ......... 1214
Figure 208: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1215
Figure 209: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1215
Figure 210: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1216
Figure 211: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1217
Figure 212: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1217
Figure 213: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................ 1218
Figure 214: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1218
Figure 215: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1219
Figure 216: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 .......... 1219
Figure 217: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)..... 1220
Figure 218: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1220
Figure 219: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)......... 1221
Figure 220: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)......... 1222
Figure 221: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ........ 1222
Figure 222: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1223
Figure 223: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1223
Figure 224: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1224
Figure 225: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)....... 1225
Figure 226: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ...... 1225
Figure 227: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1226
Figure 228: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1226
Figure 229: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1227
Figure 230: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .............. 1228
Figure 231: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .................. 1228
Figure 232: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................ 1229
Figure 233: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1229
Figure 234: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1230
Figure 235: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030........... 1230
Figure 236: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ..... 1231
Figure 237: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1231
Figure 238: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1232
Figure 239: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1233
Figure 240: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ........ 1233
Figure 241: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1234
Figure 242: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........... 1234
Figure 243: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1235
Figure 244: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ....... 1236
Figure 245: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ...... 1236
Figure 246: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1237
Figure 247: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1237
Figure 248: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1238
Figure 249: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1239
Figure 250: North America Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ................. 1239
Figure 251: North America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1240
Figure 252: North America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1240
Figure 253: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1241
Figure 254: North America Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ......... 1241
Figure 255: North America Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ......... 1242
Figure 256: North America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1242
Figure 257: North America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1243
Figure 258: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1244
Figure 259: North America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) ....... 1244
Figure 260: North America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1245
Figure 261: North America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1245
Figure 262: North America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1246
Figure 263: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1247
Figure 264: North America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) .......... 1247
Figure 265: North America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1248
Figure 266: North America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1248
Figure 267: North America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1249
Figure 268: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1250
Figure 269: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............... 1250
Figure 270: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1251
Figure 271: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............. 1251
Figure 272: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1252
Figure 273: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ............ 1252
Figure 274: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1253
Figure 275: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1253
Figure 276: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1254
Figure 277: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1255
Figure 278: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units).......... 1255
Figure 279: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1256
Figure 280: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ............ 1256
Figure 281: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1257
Figure 282: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ........ 1258
Figure 283: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)........ 1258
Figure 284: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1259
Figure 285: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) .......... 1259
Figure 286: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million) ...... 1260
Figure 287: Global Share of Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments by Frequency Band: 2020 (%) ......... 1266
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Press Release
[プレスリリース原文]
Private LTE & 5G network infrastructure an $8 Billion opportunity, says SNS Telecom & IT
DUBAI, UAE. 20th October 2019: SNS Telecom & IT's latest research report indicates that annual investments in private LTE and 5G network infrastructure – which includes RAN (Radio Access Network), mobile core and transport network equipment – will reach $8 Billion by the end of 2023.
With the standardization of features such as MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data) services and URLCC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications) by the 3GPP, LTE and 5G NR (New Radio) networks are rapidly gaining recognition as an all-inclusive critical communications platform for the delivery of both mission and business critical applications.
By providing authority over wireless coverage and capacity, private LTE and 5G networks ensure guaranteed and secure connectivity, while supporting a wide range of applications – ranging from PTT group communications and real-time video delivery to wireless control and automation in industrial environments. Organizations across the critical communications and industrial IoT (Internet of Things) domains – including public safety agencies, militaries, utilities, oil & gas companies, mining groups, railway & port operators, manufacturers and industrial giants – are making sizeable investments in private LTE networks.
The very first private 5G networks are also beginning to be deployed to serve a diverse array of usage scenarios spanning from connected factory robotics and massive-scale sensor networking to the control of AVGs (Automated Guided Vehicles) and AR/VR (Augmented & Virtual Reality). For example, Daimler's Mercedes-Benz Cars division is establishing a local 5G network to support automobile production processes at its "Factory 56" in Sindelfingen, while the KMA (Korea Military Academy) is installing a dedicated 5G network in its northern Seoul campus to facilitate mixed reality-based military training programs – with a primary focus on shooting and tactical simulations.
In addition, with the emergence of neutral-host small cells, multi-operator connectivity and unlicensed/shared spectrum access schemes, the use of private LTE and 5G networks in enterprise buildings, campuses and public venues is expected to grow significantly over the coming years. The practicality of spectrum sharing schemes such as the three-tiered CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) framework and Japan's unlicensed sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform) has already been proven with initial rollouts in locations such as corporate campuses, golf courses, race tracks, stadiums, airports and warehouses.
A number of independent neutral-host and wholesale operators are also stepping up with pioneering business models to provide LTE and 5G connectivity services to both mobile operators and enterprises, particularly in indoor settings and locations where it is technically or economically not feasible for traditional operators to deliver substantial wireless coverage and capacity.
Expected to reach $4.7 Billion in annual spending by the end of 2020, private LTE and 5G networks are increasingly becoming the preferred approach to deliver wireless connectivity for critical communications, industrial IoT, enterprise & campus environments, and public venues. The market will further grow at a CAGR of 19% between 2020 and 2023, eventually accounting for nearly $8 Billion by the end of 2023.
SNS Telecom& IT estimates that as much as 30% of these investments – approximately $2.5 Billion – will be directed towards the build-out of private 5G networks which will become preferred wireless connectivity medium to support the ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution for the automation and digitization of factories, warehouses, ports and other industrial premises, in addition to serving other verticals.
The “Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2020 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies, Industry Verticals & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the private LTE and 5G network ecosystem including market drivers, challenges, enabling technologies, vertical market opportunities, applications, key trends, standardization, spectrum availability/allocation, regulatory landscape, deployment case studies, opportunities, future roadmap, value chain, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for private LTE and 5G network infrastructure investments from 2020 till 2030. The forecasts cover three submarkets, two air interface technologies, 10 vertical markets and six regions.
The report will be of value to current and future potential investors into the private LTE and 5G network ecosystem, as well as LTE/5G infrastructure suppliers, critical communications organizations, industrial IoT companies, vertical-domain specialists, mobile operators, MVNOs, neutral hosts and other ecosystem players who wish to broaden their knowledge of the ecosystem.
About SNS Telecom & IT
Part of the SNS Worldwide group, SNS Telecom & IT is a global market intelligence and consulting firm with a primary focus on the telecommunications and information technology industries. Developed by in-house subject matter experts, our market intelligence and research reports provide unique insights on both established and emerging technologies. Our areas of coverage include but are not limited to wireless networks, 5G, LTE, SDN (Software Defined Networking), NFV (Network Functions Virtualization), IoT (Internet of Things), critical communications, big data, smart cities, smart homes, consumer electronics, wearable technologies, and vertical applications.
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