Summary

The global automotive speaker market is expected to reach USD 12.92 billion in 2029 from USD 9.49 billion in 2024, at a CAGR of 6.4% during the forecast period. Automotive speakers are experiencing increased demand from consumers for better in-car audio experiences for entertainment, navigation, and communication. Modern speakers give a clear, high-quality sound experience, making the drive more enjoyable and more functional. There is increased demand for high-quality automotive speakers due to the growing interest of consumers in advanced infotainment systems and premium audio features, especially in electric and luxury vehicles. Thus, advanced speakers in various automobiles and audio brands enhance consumer expectations and boost market growth.
“Commercial vehicles segment is expected to hold second largest market share during the forecast period.”
Commercial vehicles hold the second largest market share in the automotive speaker market due to rising demands in trucks, buses, vans, and response vehicles, which require toughened audio systems. The speaker supports these vital functions- communication, navigation, and safety- to provide clear audibility for drivers and passengers and in external announcements. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, Commercial vehicle production further propels demand, from a 9 percent rise in light commercial vehicles to 14 percent in heavy trucks in 2023. This is being one of the main pillars for the market growth of the automotive speaker market.
“Dashboard speakers segment is expected to grow at highest CAGR in automotive speaker market.”
Dashboard speakers are set to grow the highest CAGR as these speakers play the most vital role in audio by improving the clarity of audio and stereo imaging, which creates an immersive atmosphere. As dashboard speakers deliver mid and high frequencies on the front side of the automobile, therefore demand for these speakers is comparatively higher as consumers are hunting state-of-the-art infotainment systems; hence, manufacturers are investing money in innovative speaker technologies that reproduce sound with increased efficiency.

“China in the Asia Pacific region is projected to dominate the automotive speaker market.”
China holds the leading position in automotive speakers across the Asia Pacific region due to growing interest in electric vehicles and in-car audio with a heavy focus on quality. As automakers are becoming more concerned with sound quality within their vehicles, the automotive speaker market is set to grow. For instance, BYD is cooperating with major brands like DEVIALET for audio and is increasing manufacturing levels. Various automotive speaker manufacturers like Shanesheng Electronics are expanding production to meet rising demand. Thus, the automotive speaker market in China is leading the market growth in the Asia Pacific region.

• By Company Type: Tier 1 – 25%, Tier 2 – 40%, and Tier 3 – 35%
• By Designation: C-level Executives – 30%, Directors – 28%, and Others – 42%
• By Region: North America– 43%, Europe – 15%, Asia Pacific– 37% and RoW- 05%

Panasonic Holdings Corporation (US), Bose Corporation (US), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (South Korea), Alps Alpine Co., Ltd. (Japan), Pioneer Corporation (Japan), Sony Group Corporation (Japan), Masimo Corporation (US), Clarion (US), Focal (France), Elettromedia S.p.A. (Italy), JVC KENWOOD Corporation (Japan), Stillwater Designs (US), Rockford Corp. (US)., are some of the key players in the automotive speaker market.

The study includes an in-depth competitive analysis of these key players in the automotive speaker market, with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.

Research Coverage

This research report categorizes the automotive speaker market by type (Component Speakers, Coaxial Speakers, and Subwoofers), by vehicle type (Passenger Vehicles, Commercial Vehicles, and Two-wheelers), by installation location (Door Speakers, Dashboard Speakers, and Rear Deck Speakers), by sales channel (OEM, and Aftermarket), by technology integration (Bluetooth and Wireless Connectivity, Smart Speakers (IVA Integration), Multi-zone Audio Systems), and by region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and RoW). The report's scope covers detailed information regarding the major factors, such as drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities, influencing the growth of the automotive speaker market. A detailed analysis of the key industry players has been done to provide insights into their business overview, solutions, and services; key strategies; contracts, partnerships, agreements; new product & service launches; mergers and acquisitions; and recent developments associated with the automotive speaker market. This report covers the competitive analysis of upcoming startups in the automotive speaker market ecosystem.

Reasons to buy this report

The report will help market leaders and new entrants with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall automotive speaker market and its subsegments. It will also help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to better position their businesses and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the market pulse and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

The report provides insights on the following pointers:
• Analysis of key drivers (increasing demand for infotainment systems, rising demand for aftermarket customization trends, increasing strategic partnerships between automakers and premium audio brands), restraints (dependency on vehicle production rates), opportunities (Increasing technological advancements in audio systems, increasing demand for electric vehicles with quieter cabins, integration of IoT/AI making way for smart speakers), and challenges (high competition and price sensitivity, shifting consumer preferences) influencing the growth of the automotive speaker market
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product & service launches in the automotive speaker market
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyses the automotive speaker market across varied regions.
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the automotive speaker market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and service offerings of leading players like Panasonic Holdings Corporation (US), Bose Corporation (US), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (South Korea), Alps Alpine Co., Ltd. (Japan), Pioneer Corporation (Japan), Sony Group Corporation (Japan), Masimo Corporation (US), Clarion (US), Focal (France), Elettromedia S.p.A. (Italy), JVC KENWOOD Corporation (Japan), Stillwater Designs (US), Rockford Corp. (US), among others in the automotive speaker market.

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 24
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 24
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 24
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 25
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE 25
1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 25
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 26
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 26
1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED 26
1.6 LIMITATIONS 26
1.7 MARKET STAKEHOLDERS 26
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 27
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 28
2.1.1.1 List of major secondary sources 28
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 28
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 29
2.1.2.1 Intended participants and key opinion leaders in primary interviews 29
2.1.2.2 List of major participants in primary interviews 29
2.1.2.3 Key data from primary sources 30
2.1.2.4 Key industry insights 31
2.1.2.5 Breakdown of primaries 31
2.1.3 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH 32
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 32
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 34
2.2.1.1 Approach for arriving at market size using bottom-up analysis 34
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 35
2.2.2.1 Approach for arriving at market size using top-down analysis 35
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 36
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 37
2.5 RISK ASSESSMENT 37
2.6 STUDY LIMITATIONS 38
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 39
 
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 43
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET 43
4.2 AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY AND VEHICLE TYPE 44
4.3 AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY VEHICLE TYPE 44
4.4 AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET, BY COUNTRY 45
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 46
5.1 INTRODUCTION 46
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 46
5.2.1 DRIVERS 47
5.2.1.1 Growing demand for infotainment systems 47
5.2.1.2 Rising demand for aftermarket customization 47
5.2.1.3 Strategic partnerships between automakers and
premium audio brands 48
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 48
5.2.2.1 Dependency on vehicle production rates 48
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 49
5.2.3.1 Technological advancements in audio systems 49
5.2.3.2 Increasing demand for electric vehicles with quieter cabins 49
5.2.3.3 Integration of IoT and AI technologies for smart speakers 50
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 50
5.2.4.1 High competition and price sensitivity 51
5.2.4.2 Shifting consumer preferences 51
5.3 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 51
5.4 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 53
5.5 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 55
5.6 PRICING ANALYSIS 55
5.6.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER, BY TYPE 56
5.6.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKERS, BY TYPE 57
5.6.3 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKERS, BY REGION 57
5.6.4 INDICATIVE PRICING OF AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKERS, BY TYPE 58
5.7 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 61
5.7.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES 61
5.7.1.1 Digital signal processing 61
5.7.1.2 3D sound processing 62
5.7.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES 62
5.7.2.1 Infotainment system 62
5.7.2.2 Bluetooth and wireless connectivity 62
5.7.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES 62
5.7.3.1 Voice recognition and control systems 62
 
5.8 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 63
5.8.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 64
5.8.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 64
5.8.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 64
5.8.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 64
5.8.5 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 64
5.9 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 65
5.9.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 65
5.9.2 BUYING CRITERIA 66
5.10 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 67
5.11 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO 68
5.12 TRADE ANALYSIS 69
5.12.1 IMPORT DATA (HS CODE 851822) 69
5.12.2 EXPORT DATA (HS CODE 851822) 70
5.13 PATENT ANALYSIS 71
5.14 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025 73
5.15 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 75
5.15.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 75
5.15.2 TARIFF ANALYSIS 77
5.15.3 STANDARDS 78
5.16 IMPACT OF AI ON AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET 78
5.16.1 INTRODUCTION 78
5.16.2 AI USE CASES 79
6 TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKERS 81
6.1 INTRODUCTION 81
6.2 BLUETOOTH AND WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY 81
6.2.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR SEAMLESS HANDS-FREE COMMUNICATION AND INFOTAINMENT SYSTEMS DRIVING GROWTH 81
6.3 SMART SPEAKERS (IVA INTEGRATION) 81
6.3.1 GROWING ADOPTION OF CONNECTED CARS AND VOICE-CONTROLLED INTERFACES TO BOOST DEMAND 81
6.4 MULTI-ZONE AUDIO SYSTEMS 82
6.4.1 ADVANCEMENTS IN MULTI-SPEAKER ARRANGEMENTS FOR
SOUND ISOLATION FUELING MARKET GROWTH 82
7 AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET, BY TYPE 83
7.1 INTRODUCTION 84
7.2 COMPONENT SPEAKERS 85
7.2.1 CUSTOMIZATION AND FLEXIBILITY OF COMPONENT SPEAKER SYSTEMS DRIVING MARKET GROWTH 85
 
7.3 COAXIAL SPEAKERS 86
7.3.1 DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE AUDIO UPGRADES TO
BOOST SEGMENTAL GROWTH 86
7.4 SUBWOOFERS 87
7.4.1 OFFERS ENHANCED BASS EXPERIENCE IN VEHICLES 87
8 AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE 88
8.1 INTRODUCTION 89
8.2 PASSENGER VEHICLES 90
8.2.1 HATCHBACKS 95
8.2.1.1 Growing popularity of high-end hatchback models
driving market growth 95
8.2.2 SEDANS 95
8.2.2.1 Recovery in commercial ride-hailing services to
support market growth 95
8.2.3 SUVS & CROSSOVERS 96
8.2.3.1 Increasing new model launches by leading automakers to
fuel market growth 96
8.3 COMMERCIAL VEHICLES 96
8.3.1 TRUCKS & VANS 100
8.3.1.1 Shift toward electric vans and trucks with advanced infotainment systems to boost segmental growth 100
8.3.2 BUSES & COACHES 100
8.3.2.1 Need for high-quality audio systems for navigation and communication to fuel market growth 100
8.3.3 EMERGENCY RESPONSE VEHICLES 101
8.3.3.1 Increased focus on public safety and emergency preparedness to support market growth 101
8.4 TWO-WHEELERS 101
8.4.1 RISING POPULARITY OF ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS AND INTEGRATED
AUDIO TECHNOLOGIES TO FUEL MARKET GROWTH 101
8.4.1.1 E-bikes 105
9 AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET, BY INSTALLATION LOCATION 106
9.1 INTRODUCTION 107
9.2 DOOR SPEAKERS 108
9.2.1 REFINED SOUND DISTRIBUTION THROUGH MULTIPLE SPEAKER CONFIGURATIONS DRIVING MARKET GROWTH 108
9.3 DASHBOARD SPEAKERS 109
9.3.1 RISING POPULARITY OF CUSTOM AUDIO SETUPS TO
BOOST SEGMENTAL GROWTH 109
9.4 REAR DECK SPEAKERS 110
9.4.1 OFFERS ENHANCED LOUD BASS EXPERIENCE IN VEHICLES 110
 
10 AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL 112
10.1 INTRODUCTION 113
10.2 OEM (ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER) 114
10.2.1 COLLABORATION BETWEEN AUTOMAKERS AND AUDIO TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES TO DRIVE MARKET 114
10.3 AFTERMARKET 115
10.3.1 ONLINE RETAILERS 116
10.3.1.1 Wide product selection and customer reviews and ratings to
support market growth 116
10.3.2 SPECIALTY STORES 116
10.3.2.1 Expert guidance and installation services for car audio systems to fuel demand 116
11 AUTOMOTIVE SPEAKER MARKET, BY REGION 117
11.1 INTRODUCTION 118
11.2 NORTH AMERICA 119
11.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR NORTH AMERICA 120
11.2.2 US 124
11.2.2.1 Government investments in EV infrastructure supporting
market growth 124
11.2.3 CANADA 125
11.2.3.1 Investments by key auto companies to boost market growth 125
11.2.4 MEXICO 125
11.2.4.1 Increased investment and rising vehicle production to drive market 125
11.3 EUROPE 126
11.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR EUROPE 126
11.3.2 UK 131
11.3.2.1 Increasing vehicle production to fuel market growth 131
11.3.3 GERMANY 132
11.3.3.1 Presence of leading automotive audio brands to contribute to
market growth 132
11.3.4 FRANCE 133
11.3.4.1 Investment in electric vehicle manufacturing to drive market growth 133
11.3.5 ITALY 134
11.3.5.1 Government support for automotive production to fuel market growth 134
11.3.6 RUSSIA 135
11.3.6.1 Government investments in electric and hydrogen vehicles to
support market growth 135
11.3.7 REST OF EUROPE 136
11.3.7.1 Growing automotive production and export markets to fuel
market growth 136
 
11.4 ASIA PACIFIC 137
11.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ASIA PACIFIC 137
11.4.2 CHINA 142
11.4.2.1 Strategic partnership and collaboration with automakers to
drive market growth 142
11.4.3 JAPAN 143
11.4.3.1 Presence of key industry players accelerating market growth 143
11.4.4 SOUTH KOREA 144
11.4.4.1 Technological innovation in audio systems to enhance market growth 144
11.4.5 INDIA 145
11.4.5.1 Government initiatives such as PLI scheme to support market growth 145
11.4.6 AUSTRALIA 146
11.4.6.1 Shift towards eco-friendly vehicles and strong government support to drive market growth 146
11.4.7 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 147
11.4.7.1 Infrastructure development for electric vehicles to drive market 147
11.5 ROW 148
11.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ROW 148
11.5.2 MIDDLE EAST 152
11.5.2.1 GCC countries 152
11.5.2.1.1 Growing investments in EV infrastructure development to fuel market growth 152
11.5.2.2 Rest of Middle East 152
11.5.2.2.1 Increasing demand for enhanced in-car experience to
fuel market growth 152
11.5.3 AFRICA 153
11.5.3.1 Collaborations between local and international automotive manufacturers to support market growth 153
11.5.4 SOUTH AMERICA 154
11.5.4.1 Strong presence of automakers to fuel market growth 154
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 156
12.1 OVERVIEW 156
12.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2021−2024 156
12.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2019–2023 159
12.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023 159
12.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS 162
12.6 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON 163
12.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 164
12.7.1 STARS 164
12.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS 164
12.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 164
12.7.4 PARTICIPANTS 164
12.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 166
12.7.5.1 Company footprint 166
12.7.5.2 Region footprint 167
12.7.5.3 Type footprint 168
12.7.5.4 Vehicle type footprint 169
12.7.5.5 Sales channel footprint 170
12.7.5.6 Installation location footprint 171
12.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 172
12.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 172
12.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 172
12.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 172
12.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS 172
12.8.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: KEY STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 174
12.8.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs 174
12.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs 175
12.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 176
12.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 176
12.9.2 DEALS 179
12.9.3 EXPANSIONS 181
13 COMPANY PROFILES 182
13.1 KEY PLAYERS 182
13.1.1 PANASONIC HOLDINGS CORPORATION 182
13.1.1.1 Business overview 182
13.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 183
13.1.1.3 Recent developments 184
13.1.1.3.1 Product launches/developments 184
13.1.1.3.2 Deals 185
13.1.1.4 MnM view 185
13.1.1.4.1 Key strengths 185
13.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices 186
13.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 186
13.1.2 BOSE CORPORATION 187
13.1.2.1 Business overview 187
13.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 187
13.1.2.3 Recent developments 191
13.1.2.3.1 Product launches/developments 191
13.1.2.3.2 Deals 191
13.1.2.4 MnM view 192
13.1.2.4.1 Key strengths 192
13.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices 192
13.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 192
 
13.1.3 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. 193
13.1.3.1 Business overview 193
13.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 195
13.1.3.3 Recent developments 196
13.1.3.3.1 Product launches/developments 196
13.1.3.3.2 Expansions 197
13.1.3.4 MnM view 197
13.1.3.4.1 Key strengths 197
13.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices 197
13.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 197
13.1.4 ALPS ALPINE CO., LTD. 198
13.1.4.1 Business overview 198
13.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 199
13.1.4.3 Recent developments 200
13.1.4.3.1 Product launches/developments 200
13.1.4.4 MnM view 201
13.1.4.4.1 Key strengths 201
13.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices 201
13.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 201
13.1.5 PIONEER CORPORATION 202
13.1.5.1 Business overview 202
13.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 202
13.1.5.3 Recent developments 204
13.1.5.3.1 Expansions 204
13.1.5.3.2 Deals 205
13.1.5.4 MnM view 205
13.1.5.4.1 Key strengths 205
13.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices 205
13.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 206
13.1.6 SONY GROUP CORPORATION 207
13.1.6.1 Business overview 207
13.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 208
13.1.6.3 Recent developments 210
13.1.6.3.1 Product launches/developments 210
13.1.6.4 MnM view 210
13.1.6.4.1 Key strengths 210
13.1.6.4.2 Strategic choices 211
13.1.6.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 211
13.1.7 MASIMO CORPORATION 212
13.1.7.1 Business overview 212
13.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 213
13.1.7.3 Recent developments 214
13.1.7.3.1 Deals 214
13.1.8 CLARION 215
13.1.8.1 Business overview 215
13.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 215
13.1.9 FOCAL 217
13.1.9.1 Business overview 217
13.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 217
13.1.9.3 Recent developments 220
13.1.9.3.1 Product launches/developments 220
13.1.10 ELETTROMEDIA S.P.A. 222
13.1.10.1 Business overview 222
13.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 222
13.1.10.3 Recent developments 224
13.1.10.3.1 Expansions 224
13.1.11 JVCKENWOOD CORPORATION 225
13.1.11.1 Business overview 225
13.1.11.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 226
13.1.12 STILLWATER DESIGNS 228
13.1.12.1 Business overview 228
13.1.12.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 228
13.1.13 ROCKFORD CORP. 230
13.1.13.1 Business overview 230
13.1.13.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 230
13.1.13.3 Recent developments 231
13.1.13.3.1 Product launches/developments 231
13.2 OTHER PLAYERS 232
13.2.1 BLAUPUNKT 232
13.2.2 BURMESTER 233
13.2.3 DYNAUDIO A/S 234
13.2.4 JL AUDIO 235
13.2.5 MERIDIAN AUDIO 236
13.2.6 CERWIN VEGA 237
13.2.7 HYBRID AUDIO TECHNOLOGIES 238
13.2.8 MCINTOSH LABORATORY, INC. 239
13.2.9 MOREL 240
13.2.10 WINN SCANDINAVIA 241
13.2.11 ETON AUDIO 242
13.2.12 MTX INTERNATIONAL 243
 
14 APPENDIX 244
14.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 244
14.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 246
14.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 248
14.4 RELATED REPORTS 248
14.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 249