Summary

The global lab consumables market is projected to reach USD 20.51 billion by 2029 from USD 14.41 billion in 2024, growing at a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period. The technological advancements of lab consumables products is one of the major factors anticipated to boost market growth in the forecasting years. Additionally, the high cost of lab consumables affects the growth of the lab consumables market.

“The containers and vials segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2024.”
Based on type, lab consumables is segmented into filters, filteration products, centrifuge tubes and accessories, pipettes and tips, tubes and racks, microplates, plates and seals, containers and vials, bags and wraps and other consumables. The containers and vials segment is expected to dominate the lab consumables market during the forecast period. With the increasing adoption of the increase in industry adoption of lab consumable products in emerging economies and the launch of technologically advanced lab consumable products worldwide leads to the growth of this market segment.

“The industrial manufacturing segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2024.”
Based on application, the Lab consumables market is segmented into clinical diagnostics, industrial manufacturing, life science research, environmental testing, forensic analysis and material analysis. The lab consumables market is expected to be dominated by industrial manufacturing segment during the forecast period. The industrial manufacturing application is expected to grow due to rising biotech industrial manufacturing and growth in pharmaceutical production.

“The pharma and biopharma companies segment to hold the largest share of the market in 2024.”
The end user market is segmented into pharma and biopharma companies, biotechnology companies, food and beverage companies, hospital, surgical centers and clinics, diagnostics centers, forensic laboratories, research and academic institutes and other end users. Pharma and biopharma companies accounted for the largest share of the global lab consumables market in 2023 during the forecasted years. This can be attributed to the amjor applications and large demand of lab consumables accounted by pharma and biopharma sector.

“The market in the APAC region is expected to register highest growth rate for Lab consumables in 2024.”
The lab consumables market covers five key geographies—North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. In 2023, a significant market share for lab consumables was held by the market in the North American region, comprising the US and Canada. On the other hand, the Asia Pacific market is estimated to register the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The increasing market penetration opportunities in emerging APAC countries led to the growth of the lab consumables market in this region.

A breakdown of the primary participants referred to for this report is provided below:
• By Company Type: Tier 1– 25%, Tier 2– 30%, and Tier 3– 45%
• By Designation: C-level– 33%, Directors– 25%, and Others– 42%
• By Region: North America– 40%, Europe– 30%, Asia Pacific– 20%, Latin America- 8%, MEA- 2%

The prominent players in the Lab consumables market are Merck KGaA (Germany), Danaher Corporation (US), Greiner Bio-One (Austria), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (US), Corning Incorporated (US), Eppendorf SE (Germany), Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. (US), Agilent Technologies Inc. (US), Abbott Laboratories (US), Qiagen (Germany), Waters Corporation (US), Bruker Corporation (US), Sysmex Corporation (Japan),among others.

Research Coverage
This report studies the lab consumables market based on type, application, end user, and region. It also covers the factors affecting market growth, analyzes the various opportunities and challenges in the market, and provides details of the competitive landscape for market leaders. Furthermore, the report analyzes micro markets with respect to their individual growth trends and forecasts the revenue of the market segments with respect to five main regions (and the respective countries in these regions).
Reasons to Buy the Report
The report will enable established firms as well as entrants/smaller firms to gauge the pulse of the market, which, in turn, would help them to garner a larger market share. Firms purchasing the report could use one or a combination of the below-mentioned strategies to strengthen their market presence.

This report provides insights on the following pointers:
• Analysis of key drivers (Technological advancements in laboratories, Rising R&D Investments, Focus on drug discovery and development, Adoption of lab automation, Intense competition among players), restraints (High cost of advanced lab consumables, Environmental sustainability concerns), opportunities (Growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly consumables, Growth potential of emerging markets, Increasing demand for molecular diagnostics), and challenges (Need for regulatory compliance, Lack of awareness and skills for advanced consumables) influencing the growth of the lab consumables market
• Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios offered by the top players in the lab consumables market
• Service Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming trends, R&D activities, and service developments in the lab consumables market
• Market Development: Comprehensive information on lucrative emerging regions
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new services, growing geographies, and recent developments in the lab consumables market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market segments, growth strategies, revenue analysis, and services of the leading market players.

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 26
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 26
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 26
1.3 MARKET SCOPE 27
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 27
1.3.2 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS 28
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 28
1.3.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 29
1.4 MARKET STAKEHOLDERS 29
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 30
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 30
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 31
2.1.1.1 List of secondary sources 32
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 33
2.2 MARKET ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY 34
2.2.1 REVENUE MAPPING-BASED MARKET ESTIMATION 35
2.2.2 END USER-BASED MARKET ESTIMATION 37
2.2.3 PRIMARY RESEARCH VALIDATION 38
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION AND MARKET BREAKDOWN 39
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 40
2.4.1 STUDY ASSUMPTIONS 40
2.5 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 41
2.6 RISK ASSESSMENT 41
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 42
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 45
4.1 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET OVERVIEW 45
4.2 ASIA PACIFIC: LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY END USER AND COUNTRY (2023) 46
4.3 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET: GEOGRAPHIC GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES 47
4.4 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET: REGIONAL MIX, 2022–2029 (USD MILLION) 48
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 49
5.1 INTRODUCTION 49
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 49
5.2.1 DRIVERS 50
5.2.1.1 Technological advancements in laboratories 50
5.2.1.2 Rising R&D investments 50
5.2.1.3 Focus on drug discovery and development 51
5.2.1.4 Adoption of lab automation 52
5.2.1.5 Intense competition among players 53
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 53
5.2.2.1 High cost of advanced lab consumables 53
5.2.2.2 Environmental sustainability concerns 54
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 54
5.2.3.1 Growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly consumables 54
5.2.3.2 Growth potential of emerging markets 55
5.2.3.3 Increasing demand for molecular diagnostics 55
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 56
5.2.4.1 Need for regulatory compliance 56
5.2.4.2 Lack of awareness and skills for advanced consumables 56
5.3 REGULATORY SCENARIO 57
5.3.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 57
5.3.2 REGULATORY TRENDS 60
5.3.2.1 North America 60
5.3.2.1.1 US 60
5.3.2.2 Europe 60
5.3.2.3 Asia Pacific 61
5.3.2.3.1 Japan 61
5.3.2.3.2 China 61
5.3.2.4 Rest of the World 61
5.4 REIMBURSEMENT SCENARIO 61
5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 62
5.5.1 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 62
5.5.2 PROCUREMENT & PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 62
5.5.3 MARKETING, SALES, AND DISTRIBUTION 62
5.6 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 63
5.6.1 PROMINENT COMPANIES 63
5.6.2 SMALL & MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES 63
5.6.3 END USERS 64
5.7 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 64
5.8 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 65
5.8.1 DEGREE OF COMPETITION 66
5.8.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 66
5.8.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 67
5.8.4 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 67
5.8.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 67
 
5.9 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 67
5.9.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 67
5.9.2 KEY BUYING CRITERIA 68
5.10 TRADE ANALYSIS 69
5.11 PATENT ANALYSIS 71
5.12 PRICING ANALYSIS 72
5.13 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 74
5.13.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES 74
5.13.1.1 Filtration and membrane technologies 74
5.13.1.2 3D printing 75
5.13.1.3 Single-use bioprocessing systems 75
5.13.2 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES 76
5.13.2.1 Lab automation 76
5.13.2.2 Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and microfluidics 76
5.13.2.3 Sensors and Internet of Things 76
5.13.3 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES 77
5.13.3.1 Temperature control systems 77
5.13.3.2 Sample handling and storage 77
5.13.3.3 Labware cleaning and sterilization 77
5.14 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024 78
5.15 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 79
5.16 INVESTMENT & FUNDING SCENARIO 79
5.17 UNMET NEEDS 81
5.18 IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI ON LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET 82
6 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY TYPE 83
6.1 INTRODUCTION 84
6.2 CONTAINERS & VIALS 84
6.2.1 CONTAINERS & VIALS TO DOMINATE PRODUCTS MARKET 84
6.3 PIPETTES & TIPS 86
6.3.1 CONTAMINATION-FREE HANDLING OF LIQUIDS TO PROPEL GROWTH 86
6.4 MICROPLATES 88
6.4.1 INCREASING IMMUNOASSAY AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 88
6.5 TUBES & RACKS 90
6.5.1 AVAILABILITY OF HEAT-RESISTANT RACKS & PCR TUBE RACKS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 90
6.6 CENTRIFUGE TUBES & ACCESSORIES 92
6.6.1 RISING RESEARCH ACTIVITY TO PROPEL DEMAND FOR CENTRIFUGES AND ACCESSORIES 92
6.7 PLATES & SEALS 94
6.7.1 RISING USE IN CELL-BASED RESEARCH APPLICATIONS TO AID ADOPTION 94
 
6.8 BAGS & WRAPS 96
6.8.1 EMPHASIS ON BIOSAFETY TO DRIVE ADOPTION 96
6.9 FILTERS 98
6.9.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR PARTICLE REMOVAL AND STERILIZATION TO DRIVE MARKET 98
6.10 FILTRATION PRODUCTS 100
6.10.1 GROWING INCIDENCE OF CONTAMINATION TO SUPPORT DEMAND 100
6.11 OTHER CONSUMABLES 102
7 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION 104
7.1 INTRODUCTION 105
7.2 INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING 105
7.2.1 RISING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION TO SUPPORT ADOPTION OF LAB CONSUMABLES 105
7.3 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS 106
7.3.1 GROWING ADOPTION OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES TO DRIVE DEMAND FOR CONSUMABLES 106
7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING 107
7.4.1 STRINGENT REGULATIONS FOR TESTING TO DRIVE MARKET 107
7.5 LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH 108
7.5.1 RISING RESEARCH ACTIVITY TO OFFER STRONG DEMAND FOR CONSUMABLES 108
7.6 FORENSIC ANALYSIS 109
7.6.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR BETTER EVIDENCE AND ANALYTICS TO PROPEL MARKET 109
7.7 MATERIALS ANALYSIS 110
7.7.1 CONTAMINATION PREVENTION AND FOCUS ON FOOD SAFETY TO PROPEL GROWTH 110
8 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY END USER 112
8.1 INTRODUCTION 113
8.2 PHARMACEUTICAL & BIOPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES 114
8.2.1 PHARMA & BIOPHARMA SECTOR TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST DEMAND 114
8.3 BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES 115
8.3.1 RISING CLINICAL TRIAL ACTIVITY TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 115
8.4 DIAGNOSTIC CENTERS 116
8.4.1 AUTOMATION AND WIDENING TEST PORTFOLIOS
TO PROPEL MARKET GROWTH 116
8.5 HOSPITAL, SURGICAL CENTERS, AND CLINICS 117
8.5.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF HOSPITALS AND CLINICS
TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 117
8.6 FOOD & BEVERAGE COMPANIES 117
8.6.1 GROWING FOOD SAFETY CONCERNS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH 117
8.7 ACADEMIC & RESEARCH INSTITUTES 118
8.7.1 RISING DRUG DISCOVERY AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY TO DRIVE MARKET 118
8.8 FORENSIC LABORATORIES 119
8.8.1 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS TO CREATE OPPORTUNITIES
FOR LAB CONSUMABLES 119
8.9 OTHER END USERS 120
9 LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET, BY REGION 121
9.1 INTRODUCTION 122
9.2 NORTH AMERICA 122
9.2.1 NORTH AMERICA: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK 122
9.2.2 US 126
9.2.2.1 Significant presence of major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to drive market 126
9.2.3 CANADA 127
9.2.3.1 Growing food & beverage sector to support market growth 127
9.3 EUROPE 128
9.3.1 EUROPE: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK 128
9.3.2 GERMANY 131
9.3.2.1 Germany to hold largest market share in Europe 131
9.3.3 FRANCE 132
9.3.3.1 Establishments of research sites to propel market growth in the coming years 132
9.3.4 UK 133
9.3.4.1 Government initiatives to develop diagnostic technologies contributing to market growth 133
9.3.5 ITALY 134
9.3.5.1 Expanding life science sector and favorable government initiatives to fuel market growth 134
9.3.6 SPAIN 135
9.3.6.1 Consolidation of laboratories and growth in food and biotechnology industries to drive market 135
9.3.7 REST OF EUROPE 136
9.4 ASIA PACIFIC 137
9.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK 137
9.4.2 CHINA 141
9.4.2.1 Government initiatives and growing research sector to aid market growth 141
9.4.3 JAPAN 142
9.4.3.1 Investments by Japanese pharmaceutical companies to support market growth 142
9.4.4 INDIA 143
9.4.4.1 Rising focus on food safety standards to support market growth 143
9.4.5 AUSTRALIA 144
9.4.5.1 Growth of food industry in the country to propel demand for consumables 144
9.4.6 SOUTH KOREA 144
9.4.6.1 Rising pharmaceutical and medical spending to support growth 144
9.4.7 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 145
9.5 LATIN AMERICA 146
9.5.1 LATIN AMERICA: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK 147
9.5.2 BRAZIL 149
9.5.2.1 Investments by leading manufacturers to drive market 149
9.5.3 MEXICO 150
9.5.3.1 Favorable business environment for market players to support market growth 150
9.5.4 REST OF LATIN AMERICA 151
9.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 152
9.6.1 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK 153
9.6.2 GCC COUNTRIES 155
9.6.2.1 Advancements in clinical diagnostics to drive market 155
9.6.3 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 156
10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 158
10.1 INTRODUCTION 158
10.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN 158
10.2.1 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PLAYERS IN LAB CONSUMABLES MARKET 158
10.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS 159
10.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 160
10.4.1 MICROPLATES MARKET RANKING 162
10.4.2 PIPETTES & TIPS MARKET RANKING 162
10.4.3 TUBES & RACKS MARKET RANKING 163
10.4.4 PLATES & SEALS MARKET RANKING 163
10.4.5 FILTRATION PRODUCTS MARKET RANKING 164
10.4.6 CENTRIFUGE TUBES & ACCESSORIES MARKET RANKING,
BY KEY PLAYER, 2023 164
10.4.7 CONTAINERS & VIALS MARKET RANKING 165
10.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 166
10.5.1 STARS 166
10.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 166
10.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 166
10.5.4 PARTICIPANTS 166
10.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 168
10.5.5.1 Company footprint 168
10.5.5.2 Type footprint 169
10.5.5.3 Application footprint 170
10.5.5.4 End-user footprint 171
10.5.5.5 Region footprint 172
10.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 172
10.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 173
10.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 173
10.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 173
10.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS 173
10.6.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 175
10.7 VALUATION & FINANCIAL METRICS 176
10.8 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON 177
10.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 178
10.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES 178
10.9.2 DEALS 178
10.9.3 EXPANSIONS 179
11 COMPANY PROFILES 180
11.1 KEY PLAYERS 180
11.1.1 MERCK KGAA 180
11.1.1.1 Business overview 180
11.1.1.2 Products offered 182
11.1.1.3 Recent developments 185
11.1.1.3.1 Expansions 185
11.1.1.4 MnM view 186
11.1.1.4.1 Key strengths 186
11.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices 186
11.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats 186
11.1.2 DANAHER CORPORATION 187
11.1.2.1 Business overview 187
11.1.2.2 Products offered 189
11.1.2.3 Recent developments 191
11.1.2.3.1 Deals 191
11.1.2.3.2 Expansions 191
11.1.2.4 MnM view 191
11.1.2.4.1 Key strengths 191
11.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices 192
11.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 192
11.1.3 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC, INC. 193
11.1.3.1 Business overview 193
11.1.3.2 Products offered 195
11.1.3.3 Recent developments 196
11.1.3.3.1 Product launches 196
11.1.3.3.2 Deals 196
 
11.1.3.4 MnM view 197
11.1.3.4.1 Key strengths 197
11.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices 197
11.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats 197
11.1.4 CORNING INCORPORATED 198
11.1.4.1 Business overview 198
11.1.4.2 Products offered 200
11.1.4.3 Recent developments 201
11.1.4.3.1 Deals 201
11.1.4.4 MnM view 201
11.1.4.4.1 Key strengths 201
11.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices 202
11.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats 202
11.1.5 GREINER BIO-ONE INTERNATIONAL GMBH 203
11.1.5.1 Business overview 203
11.1.5.2 Products offered 205
11.1.5.3 Recent developments 207
11.1.5.3.1 Product Launches 207
11.1.5.4 MnM view 207
11.1.5.4.1 Key strengths 207
11.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices 207
11.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats 208
11.1.6 EPPENDORF SE 209
11.1.6.1 Business overview 209
11.1.6.2 Products offered 210
11.1.6.3 Recent developments 212
11.1.6.3.1 Product launches 212
11.1.6.3.2 Expansions 213
11.1.7 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 214
11.1.7.1 Business overview 214
11.1.7.2 Products offered 216
11.1.7.3 Recent developments 217
11.1.7.3.1 Product Launches 217
11.1.7.3.2 Deals 217
11.1.7.3.3 Expansions 218
11.1.8 AVANTOR, INC. 219
11.1.8.1 Business overview 219
11.1.8.2 Products offered 221
11.1.8.3 Recent developments 224
11.1.8.3.1 Deals 224
11.1.8.3.2 Expansions 224
 
11.1.9 ABBOTT LABORATORIES 225
11.1.9.1 Business overview 225
11.1.9.2 Products offered 226
11.1.9.3 Recent developments 227
11.1.9.3.1 Deals 227
11.1.10 BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC. 228
11.1.10.1 Business overview 228
11.1.10.2 Products offered 230
11.1.10.3 Recent developments 231
11.1.10.3.1 Product launches 231
11.1.10.3.2 Deals 231
11.1.11 QIAGEN N.V. 232
11.1.11.1 Business overview 232
11.1.11.2 Products offered 234
11.1.11.3 Recent developments 235
11.1.11.3.1 Deals 235
11.1.11.3.2 Expansions 236
11.1.12 WATERS CORPORATION 237
11.1.12.1 Business overview 237
11.1.12.2 Products offered 239
11.1.12.3 Recent developments 239
11.1.12.3.1 Product Launches 239
11.1.12.3.2 Deals 240
11.1.12.3.3 Expansions 240
11.1.13 SYSMEX CORPORATION 241
11.1.13.1 Business overview 241
11.1.13.2 Products offered 243
11.1.13.3 Recent developments 243
11.1.13.3.1 Deals 243
11.1.13.3.2 Expansions 244
11.1.14 SHIMADZU CORPORATION 245
11.1.14.1 Business overview 245
11.1.14.2 Products offered 247
11.1.14.3 Recent developments 248
11.1.14.3.1 Deals 248
11.1.14.3.2 Expansions 248
11.1.15 REVVITY, INC. 249
11.1.15.1 Business overview 249
11.1.15.2 Products offered 251
11.1.15.3 Recent developments 252
11.1.15.3.1 Deals 252
 
11.1.16 BRUKER CORPORATION 253
11.1.16.1 Business overview 253
11.1.16.2 Products offered 255
11.1.16.3 Recent developments 255
11.1.16.3.1 Deals 255
11.2 OTHER PLAYERS 256
11.2.1 FUJIFILM WAKO PURE CHEMICAL CORPORATION 256
11.2.2 CAMLAB LTD. 257
11.2.3 REAGECON DIAGNOSTICS LTD. 258
11.2.4 SARTORIUS GROUP 260
11.2.5 SPECTRUM CHEMICAL MFG. CORP. 262
11.2.6 MOBITEC GMBH 264
11.2.7 COLE-PARMER INSTRUMENT COMPANY, LLC 265
11.2.8 MILTENYI BIOTEC 266
11.2.9 PATHTECH 267
11.2.10 MEDLINE SCIENTIFIC LIMITED 269
11.2.11 VITLAB GMBH 270
11.2.12 BELLCO GLASS, INC. 272
11.2.13 DWK LIFE SCIENCES 274
12 APPENDIX 275
12.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 275
12.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 280
12.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 282
12.4 RELATED REPORTS 282
12.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 283