Summary

The global hydrogen technology TIC was valued at USD 4.1 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 9.2 billion by 2029; it is expected to register a CAGR of 17.8% during the forecast period. The growing demand for cleaner fuels, supportive government policies aimed at decarbonizing various sectors, and the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure such as refueling stations, pipelines, and storage facilities are key drivers of the Hydrogen Technology TIC market. Additionally, the inherent risks and strict regulations in hydrogen processes, along with technological advancements crucial for green hydrogen development, are further catalyzing market growth.

“The long-distance segment of hydrogen technology TIC market for transporation/distribution is expected to have significantly large share during the forecast period.”
With the global shift from fossil fuel-based energy sources, hydrogen energy has emerged as a key enabler of low carbon solutions across many industries. Expanding market though establishing new networks for hydrogen infrastructure. pipelines are preferred means of transportation since they are cost effective and less hazardous to the environment since they transport hydrogen which is a green energy source from source that may be far from the demand point. Hydrogen pipeline project mainly focuses on targets of IES 2023 that stated the overall pipeline length of hydrogen to be 19,000 km up to 2030. It has led to combined efforts among governments, industries and investors to develop a good hydrogen infrastructure which comprises of research development spending, more development of efficient and cheap methods of hydrogen production and development of hydrogen refueling facilities for fuel cell vehicles and industrial usage. These infrastructures also help enhance energy security while generating employment and spurring economic development Altogether, hydrogen remains the perfect solution to fight climate change and lower GHG emissions on the planet.

“The green hydrogen segment is likely to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period”
Demand for green hydrogen, which is 100% emission-free and produced from renewable energy via the electrolysis of water, will increase with countries placing a stronger focus on net zero carbon emissions. As per IEA 2023 Report, the share of clean hydrogen (blue + green) will reach upto 30% of the total hydrogen demand in 2030. This technology uses electricity generated through sources such as wind, hydropower, or solar to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. It produces nothing but pure-play green hydrogen emissions in the process. However, this is the most expensive hydrogen production method at about USD 5-6 per kilogram. Still challenges remain – namely high equipment costs and scarce availability of clean electricity, which makes large-scale production unrealistic for now – if countries green their own hydrogen transition from fields.

“The europe is likely to grow at the significant CAGR during the forecast period.”
The countries of the European continent are improving to different extents in terms of creating new policy norms in the sphere of energetic For the EU, the target is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by at least 40% by the year 2030. Being one of the oldest producers in the oil and gas sector, Europe is gradually transitioning to the use of fuel cells, which are powered by residential and commercial projects and initiatives involving national governments. The actual number of FCEVs in Europe 2600 units and more than 1000 of these are in Germany by the end of 2020. Of these, the FCEVs are mainly light duty passenger vehicles, with approximately 130 fuel cell buses. Europe also leads in the development of fuel cell trains where commercialisation is also being realized. The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking initiative is the special concern working on the R&D element in the fuel cell and hydrogen. Moreover, the expansion of the fuel cell industry is also expected to be encouraged by the increased adoption of electric cars, and therefore the hydrogen market in this region.

Breakdown of primaries
The study contains insights from various industry experts, ranging from component suppliers to Tier 1 companies and OEMs. The break-up of the primaries is as follows:

• By Company Type - Tier 1 – 50%, Tier 2 – 30%, Tier 3 – 20%
• By Designation— C-level Executives - 35%, Directors - 30%, Others - 35%
• By Region— Asia Pacific - 40%, Europe - 25%, , North America - 20%, RoW - 15%

The hydrogen technology TIC market is dominated by a few globally established players such as SGS SA (Switzerland), Bureau Veritas (France), Intertek Group plc (UK), DEKRA (Germany), TÜV SÜD (Germany), DNV GL (Norway), TÜV RHEINLAND (Germany), Applus+ (Spain), TÜV NORD Group (Germany), Element Materials Technology (UK), and UL LLC (US). The study includes an in-depth competitive analysis of these key players in the hydrogen technology TIC market, with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.

Research Coverage:
The report segments the hydrogen technology TIC market and forecasts its size by process, service type, testing type, and application. The report also discusses the drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges pertaining to the market. It gives a detailed view of the market across four main regions—North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and RoW. Supply chain analysis has been included in the report, along with the key players and their competitive analysis in the hydrogen technology TIC ecosystem.

Key Benefits to Buy the Report:
• Analysis of key drivers (increasing shift towards low and zero-carbon renewable fuels, Development of low-weight storage tanks for transportation, Government-led initiatives for developing hydrogen econom), restraint (impacts of hydrogen projects on water supply and land use, availability of substitutes ), opportunity (demand of risk management due the risk of high flammability associated with hydrogen, emergence of hydrogen fuel cells for the automotive sector), challenges (high hydrogen generation, storage, and transportation costs, integration of hydrogen into natural gas networks)
• Service Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research and development activities, and new product launches in the hydrogen technology TIC market.
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets – the report analyses the hydrogen technology TIC market across varied regions
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products and services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the hydrogen technology TIC market.
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and service offerings of leading players like SGS SA (Switzerland), Bureau Veritas (France), Intertek Group plc (UK), DEKRA (Germany), TÜV SÜD (Germany), DNV GL (Norway), TÜV RHEINLAND (Germany), Applus+ (Spain), TÜV NORD Group (Germany), Element Materials Technology (UK), and UL LLC (US) among others in the hydrogen technology TIC market.

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 23
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 23
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 23
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 24
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE 24
1.3.2 YEARS CONSIDERED 25
1.3.3 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 25
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 26
1.5 LIMITATIONS 26
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 26
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27
2.1 RESEARCH APPROACH 27
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 28
2.1.1.1 List of key secondary sources 28
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 29
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 29
2.1.2.1 Intended participants and key opinion leaders in primary interviews 29
2.1.2.2 Key data from primary sources 30
2.1.2.3 Key industry insights 30
2.1.2.4 Breakdown of primaries 31
2.1.3 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH 31
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 32
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 32
2.2.1.1 Approach to estimate market size using bottom-up analysis
(demand side) 32
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 33
2.2.2.1 Approach to estimate market size using top-down analysis
(supply side) 34
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 35
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 35
2.5 RISK ANALYSIS 36
2.6 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 36
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 37

4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 42
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET 42
4.2 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY PROCESS 42
4.3 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY APPLICATION 43
4.4 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY SERVICE 43
4.5 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY TESTING TYPE 44
4.6 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY REGION 44
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 45
5.1 INTRODUCTION 45
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 45
5.2.1 DRIVERS 46
5.2.1.1 Rising focus on achieving sustainable and low-carbon economy 46
5.2.1.2 Increasing use of low-carbon fuel in transportation sector 47
5.2.1.3 Growing production of green hydrogen 47
5.2.1.4 Rising need to ensure safety and reliability of hydrogen technologies 48
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 48
5.2.2.1 Requirement of substantial renewable energy and water to feed electrolyzers 48
5.2.2.2 Lack of uniformity in global TIC standards 49
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 50
5.2.3.1 Adoption of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation sector 50
5.2.3.2 Deployment of blockchain technology in TIC services 50
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 51
5.2.4.1 Costly on-site production of hydrogen 51
5.2.4.2 Keeping testing protocols and certifications up to date 52
5.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 52
5.4 PRICING ANALYSIS 53
5.4.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2023 53
5.4.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF CERTIFICATION SERVICES OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2020–2023 54
5.4.3 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF CERTIFICATION SERVICES, BY REGION, 2020–2023 55
5.5 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 55
5.6 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 57
5.7 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO 58
5.8 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 58
5.8.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES 58
5.8.1.1 Hydrogen fuel cells 58
5.8.1.2 Alkaline electrolysis 59
5.8.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES 59
5.8.2.1 Material science 59
5.8.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES 60
5.8.3.1 Energy storage management systems 60
5.8.3.2 Solid-state storage 60
5.9 PATENT ANALYSIS 61
5.10 TRADE ANALYSIS 63
5.10.1 EXPORT DATA (HS CODE 280410) 64
5.10.2 IMPORT DATA (HS CODE 280410) 65
5.11 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2023–2024 66
5.12 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 68
5.12.1 APPLUS+ OFFERED TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO HELP GREEN HYDROGEN PLANT OWNER IN BARCELONA TO SUPPLY HYDROGEN FOR TRANSPORTATION AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 68
5.12.2 SIEMENS ENERGY COLLABORATED WITH TÜV SÜD TO DEVELOP H2-READY POWER PLANTS TO ENSURE RELIABLE ENERGY SUPPLY 68
5.12.3 TÜV SÜD HELPED HYDROGEN-POWERED VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS GAIN SAFE EU MARKET ACCESS BY CLOSING REGULATORY GAPS 69
5.13 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 69
5.13.1 TARIFF ANALYSIS 69
5.13.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 70
5.13.3 REGULATIONS 72
5.14 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 73
5.14.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 74
5.14.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 74
5.14.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 74
5.14.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 75
5.14.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 75
5.15 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 75
5.15.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 75
5.15.2 BUYING CRITERIA 76
5.16 IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI ON HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET 77
6 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY PROCESS 80
6.1 INTRODUCTION 81
6.2 GENERATION 82
6.2.1 GRAY HYDROGEN 83
6.2.1.1 Low cost of production to drive market 83
6.2.2 BLUE HYDROGEN 84
6.2.2.1 Rising demand for clean hydrogen to spur demand 84
6.2.3 GREEN HYDROGEN 84
6.2.3.1 Increasing focus on achieving net-zero carbon emission targets to boost demand 84
6.2.4 OTHERS 85

6.3 STORAGE 89
6.3.1 PHYSICAL 90
6.3.1.1 Rising application in buffer tanks to drive market 90
6.3.2 MATERIAL-BASED 90
6.3.2.1 Enhanced hydrogen storage performance with improved kinetics to spur demand 90
6.4 TRANSPORTATION 94
6.4.1 LONG-DISTANCE 95
6.4.1.1 Growing emphasis on establishing strong hydrogen infrastructure to drive market 95
6.4.2 SHORT-DISTANCE 95
6.4.2.1 Increasing demand for emergency power backups to accelerate demand 95
7 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY TESTING TYPE 100
7.1 INTRODUCTION 101
7.2 PRESSURE CYCLE, LEAKAGE AND TIGHTNESS TESTING 103
7.2.1 INCREASING NEED TO DETECT AND MINIMIZE FUGITIVE HYDROGEN EMISSIONS TO BOOST DEMAND 103
7.3 OVERPRESSURE, BURST, AND FLOW TESTING 103
7.3.1 PRESSING NEED TO MITIGATE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES TO DRIVE MARKET 103
7.4 HYDROGEN PERMEATION AND COMPATIBILITY TESTING 103
7.4.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS OF GAS PERMEATION PROPERTIES UNDER HIGH-PRESSURE CONDITIONS TO DRIVE MARKET 103
7.5 OTHER TESTING TYPES 104
8 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY APPLICATION 105
8.1 INTRODUCTION 106
8.2 REFINING & CHEMICAL 107
8.2.1 GROWING APPLICATION IN STEELMAKING TO DRIVE MARKET 107
8.3 MOBILITY 108
8.3.1 RISING FOCUS ON DECARBONIZING ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR TO SPUR DEMAND 108
8.4 ENERGY 110
8.4.1 INCREASING PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS TO ACCELERATE DEMAND 110
8.5 OTHER APPLICATIONS 111

9 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY SERVICE 113
9.1 INTRODUCTION 114
9.2 TESTING 115
9.2.1 GROWING EMPHASIS OF HYDROGEN SECTOR TO INNOVATE STORAGE SOLUTIONS AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TO BOOST DEMAND 115
9.3 INSPECTION 116
9.3.1 INCREASING NEED TO ADHERE TO INDUSTRIAL AND GOVERNMENT SAFETY REGULATIONS TO ACCELERATE DEMAND 116
9.4 CERTIFICATION 117
9.4.1 RISING FOCUS OF ESTABLISHED PLAYERS TO INTRODUCE CERTIFICATION SCHEMES TO OFFER LUCRATIVE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES 117
9.5 OTHER SERVICES 117
10 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TIC MARKET, BY REGION 118
10.1 INTRODUCTION 119
10.2 NORTH AMERICA 121
10.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK IN NORTH AMERICA 121
10.2.2 US 123
10.2.2.1 Growing focus on producing affordable carbon-free hydrogen to boost demand 123
10.2.3 CANADA 125
10.2.3.1 Government-led initiatives to support private investors build clean fuel production capacity to spur demand 125
10.2.4 MEXICO 126
10.2.4.1 Rising focus on developing green hydrogen to accelerate demand 126
10.3 EUROPE 127
10.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK IN EUROPE 127
10.3.2 UK 129
10.3.2.1 Increasing focus on reducing natural gas imports to drive market 129
10.3.3 GERMANY 130
10.3.3.1 Growing adoption of fuel cell electric vehicles to drive market 130
10.3.4 FRANCE 131
10.3.4.1 Rising consumption of oil in industrial and transport sectors to foster market growth 131
10.3.5 REST OF EUROPE 132
10.4 ASIA PACIFIC 134
10.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK IN ASIA PACIFIC 134
10.4.2 CHINA 136
10.4.2.1 Government-led initiatives to deploy fuel cell buses and trucks to offer lucrative growth opportunities 136
10.4.3 INDIA 138
10.4.3.1 Growing emphasis on boosting domestic production of green hydrogen to drive market 138

10.4.4 JAPAN 139
10.4.4.1 Rising focus on achieving carbon neutrality to accelerate demand 139
10.4.5 SOUTH KOREA 141
10.4.5.1 Increasing development of hydrogen technology in electricity, energy, commercial, and marine industries to drive market 141
10.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 142
10.5 ROW 143
10.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK IN ROW 144
10.5.2 SOUTH AMERICA 146
10.5.2.1 Presence of untapped crude oil and natural gas reserves to offer lucrative growth opportunities 146
10.5.3 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 147
10.5.3.1 Rising demand from chemical industry to spur demand 147
10.5.3.2 GCC 149
10.5.3.3 Rest of Middle East & Africa 149
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 150
11.1 OVERVIEW 150
11.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2020–2024 150
11.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2019–2023 152
11.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023 153
11.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS 156
11.6 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON 157
11.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 158
11.7.1 STARS 158
11.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS 158
11.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 158
11.7.4 PARTICIPANTS 158
11.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 160
11.7.5.1 Company footprint 160
11.7.5.2 Process footprint 160
11.7.5.3 Service footprint 161
11.7.5.4 Testing type footprint 162
11.7.5.5 Application footprint 163
11.7.5.6 Region footprint 163
11.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 164
11.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 164
11.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 164
11.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 164
11.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS 164
11.8.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 165
11.8.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs 165
11.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs 166
11.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO AND TRENDS 166
11.9.1.1 Solution/Service launches 166
11.9.1.2 Deals 171
11.9.1.3 Expansions 183
11.9.1.4 Others 185
12 COMPANY PROFILES 186
12.1 KEY PLAYERS 186
12.1.1 SGS SA 186
12.1.1.1 Business overview 186
12.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 187
12.1.1.3 Recent developments 188
12.1.1.3.1 Solution/Service launches 188
12.1.1.3.2 Deals 188
12.1.1.3.3 Expansions 190
12.1.1.3.4 Others 191
12.1.1.4 MnM view 191
12.1.1.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win 191
12.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices 191
12.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats 191
12.1.2 DNV GL 192
12.1.2.1 Business overview 192
12.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 193
12.1.2.3 Recent developments 194
12.1.2.3.1 Solution/Service launches 194
12.1.2.3.2 Deals 195
12.1.2.3.3 Expansions 197
12.1.2.3.4 Others 198
12.1.2.4 MnM view 198
12.1.2.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win 198
12.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices 198
12.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats 198
12.1.3 BUREAU VERITAS 199
12.1.3.1 Business overview 199
12.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 200
12.1.3.3 Recent developments 201
12.1.3.3.1 Solution/Service launches 201
12.1.3.3.2 Deals 201
12.1.3.4 MnM view 202
12.1.3.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win 202
12.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices 202
12.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats 202
12.1.4 INTERTEK GROUP PLC 203
12.1.4.1 Business overview 203
12.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 204
12.1.4.3 Recent developments 205
12.1.4.3.1 Solution/Service launches 205
12.1.4.3.2 Deals 206
12.1.4.4 MnM view 206
12.1.4.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win 206
12.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices 207
12.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats 207
12.1.5 TÜV SÜD 208
12.1.5.1 Business overview 208
12.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 209
12.1.5.3 Recent developments 210
12.1.5.3.1 Solution/Service launches 210
12.1.5.3.2 Deals 211
12.1.5.3.3 Expansions 212
12.1.5.3.4 Others 213
12.1.5.4 MnM view 213
12.1.5.4.1 Key strengths/Right to win 213
12.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices 213
12.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses/Competitive threats 213
12.1.6 TÜV RHEINLAND 214
12.1.6.1 Business overview 214
12.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 215
12.1.6.3 Recent developments 216
12.1.6.3.1 Solution/Service launches 216
12.1.6.3.2 Deals 217
12.1.6.3.3 Expansions 218
12.1.7 APPLUS+ 219
12.1.7.1 Business overview 219
12.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 220
12.1.7.3 Recent developments 221
12.1.7.3.1 Solution/Service launches 221
12.1.7.3.2 Deals 222
12.1.8 TÜV NORD GROUP 224
12.1.8.1 Business overview 224
12.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 225
12.1.8.3 Recent developments 226
12.1.8.3.1 Solution/Service launches 226
12.1.8.3.2 Deals 226

12.1.9 UL LLC 227
12.1.9.1 Business overview 227
12.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 228
12.1.9.3 Recent developments 228
12.1.9.3.1 Solution/Service launches 228
12.1.9.3.2 Deals 230
12.1.10 DEKRA 231
12.1.10.1 Business overview 231
12.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 232
12.1.10.3 Recent developments 233
12.1.10.3.1 Solution/Service launches 233
12.1.10.3.2 Deals 233
12.2 OTHER PLAYERS 235
12.2.1 ELEMENT MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY 235
12.2.2 APAVE 236
12.2.3 KIWA 237
12.2.4 VDE TESTING AND CERTIFICATION INSTITUTE GMBH 238
12.2.5 AMSPEC GROUP 239
12.2.6 FORCE TECHNOLOGY 239
12.2.7 RINA S.P.A. 240
12.2.8 LRQA GROUP LIMITED 240
12.2.9 RICARDO 241
12.2.10 BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS 241
12.2.11 TWI LTD. 242
12.2.12 BAKERRISK 242
12.2.13 POWERTECH LABS INC. 243
12.2.14 RESATO 243
12.2.15 AVL 244
13 APPENDIX 245
13.1 INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS 245
13.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE 246
13.3 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 249
13.4 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 251
13.5 RELATED REPORTS 251
13.6 AUTHOR DETAILS 252