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高等教育向け学習管理システムの世界市場 2022-2026 年
Technavioは高等教育向け学習管理システム市場を監視しており、2022-2026年の間に54億2000万ドルの成長が見込まれ、予測期間中にCAGR22.75%で加速しています。当レポートでは、高等教育向け学習管理システム市場の全体分析、市場規模と予測、動向、成長促進要因、課題、さらに約25社のベンダーを網羅したベンダー分析などを提供しています。
また、現在の世界市場のシナリオ、最新動向とドライバー、市場全体の環境についての最新分析も行っています。この市場は、LMSの採用により集中学習が容易になり、戦略的パートナーシップや開発の数が増加し、効率的でアクセス可能な学習に対する需要が高まることによって推進されています。
高等教育向け学習管理システム市場の分析には、展開セグメントと地理的展望が含まれます。
Technavioの高等教育向け学習管理システム市場は、以下のようにセグメント化されています。
展開別
- オンクラウド
- オンプレミス
地理的状況別
- 北米
- 欧州
- アジア太平洋地域
- 南米
- 中東・アフリカ
本調査では、今後数年間の高等教育向け学習管理システム市場の成長を牽引する主要な理由の1つとして、クラウドベースのIMSの普及が進んでいることを挙げています。また、個別学習が重視され、マルチチャンネル学習の傾向が強まっていることも、同市場の大きな需要につながるでしょう。
Technavioは、複数のソースからのデータを調査、合成、要約し、主要パラメータの分析によって、市場の詳細な姿を提示します。高等教育向け学習管理システム市場に関する弊社のレポートは、以下の分野を対象としています。
- 高等教育向け学習管理システム市場サイジング
- 高等教育向け学習管理システム市場予測
- 高等教育向け学習管理システム市場の産業分析
Technavioの強力なベンダー分析は、顧客が市場での地位を向上できるように設計されており、これに沿って、本レポートでは、Adobe Inc.、AlphaLearn、Blackboard Inc.、Cornerstone OnDemand Inc.を含む複数の大手高等教育向け学習管理システムのベンダーについて詳細に分析を行っています。D2L Corp.、Docebo Inc.、Epignosis、Instructure Inc.、International Business Machines Corp.、John Wiley and Sons Inc.、Jzero Solutions Ltd.、Learning Technologies Group Plc、Oracle Corp、Paradiso Solutions、PowerSchool Holdings Inc.、SAP SE、Byteparity Technologies LLP、Kochar Infotech Ltd.などの大手ベンダーについて、詳細な分析を行っているほか、高等教育向け学習管理システム市場の動向についても言及しています。また、高等教育向け学習管理システム市場の分析レポートには、今後の動向や市場成長に影響を与える課題に関する情報も含まれています。これは、企業が今後訪れるすべての成長機会を戦略的に活用するのに役立つものです。
本調査は、業界の主要参加者からのインプットを含め、一次情報と二次情報の客観的な組み合わせを使用して実施しました。本レポートには、主要ベンダーの分析に加え、包括的な市場およびベンダーランドスケープが含まれています。本レポートの詳細については、https://www.technavio.com/report/learning-management-systems-market-for-higher-education-industry-analysis をご覧ください。
Technavioは、利益、価格、競争、プロモーションなどの主要パラメータの分析により、複数のソースからのデータの研究、合成、総括の方法により、市場の詳細なイメージを提示します。また、業界の主要なインフルエンサーを特定することにより、市場の様々な側面を提示しています。提示されるデータは包括的で信頼性が高く、一次および二次にわたる広範な調査の結果である。Technavioの市場調査レポートは、正確な市場成長を予測するために、完全な競争環境と、定性的および定量的調査を用いた詳細なベンダー選定方法および分析を提供します。

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目次

• Executive Summary
o 1.1 Market overview
o Exhibit 01: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
o Exhibit 02: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
o Exhibit 03: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
o Exhibit 04: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
o Exhibit 05: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Deployment
o Exhibit 06: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
o Exhibit 07: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
o Exhibit 08: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
• Market Landscape
o 2.1 Market ecosystem
o Exhibit 09: Parent market
o Exhibit 10: Market Characteristics
• Market Sizing
o 3.1 Market definition
o Exhibit 11: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
o 3.2 Market segment analysis
o Exhibit 12: Market segments
o 3.3 Market size 2021
o 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2021-2026
o Exhibit 13: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 14: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 15: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 16: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
• Five Forces Analysis
o 4.1 Five forces summary
o Exhibit 17: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2021 and 2026
o 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
o Exhibit 18: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2021 and 2026
o 4.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
o Exhibit 19: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
o 4.4 Threat of new entrants
o Exhibit 20: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
o 4.5 Threat of substitutes
o Exhibit 21: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
o 4.6 Threat of rivalry
o Exhibit 22: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
o 4.7 Market condition
o Exhibit 23: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2021 and 2026
• Market Segmentation by Deployment
o 5.1 Market segments
o Exhibit 24: Chart on Deployment - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 25: Data Table on Deployment - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
o 5.2 Comparison by Deployment
o Exhibit 26: Chart on Comparison by Deployment
o Exhibit 27: Data Table on Comparison by Deployment
o 5.3 On-cloud - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 28: Chart on On-cloud - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 29: Data Table on On-cloud - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 30: Chart on On-cloud - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 31: Data Table on On-cloud - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 5.4 On-premise - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 32: Chart on On-premise - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 33: Data Table on On-premise - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 34: Chart on On-premise - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 35: Data Table on On-premise - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 5.5 Market opportunity by Deployment
o Exhibit 36: Market opportunity by Deployment ($ million)
• Customer Landscape
o 6.1 Customer landscape overview
o Exhibit 37: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
• Geographic Landscape
o 7.1 Geographic segmentation
o Exhibit 38: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 39: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.2 Geographic comparison
o Exhibit 40: Chart on Geographic comparison
o Exhibit 41: Data Table on Geographic comparison
o 7.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 42: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 43: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 44: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 45: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 46: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 47: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 48: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 49: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.5 APAC - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 50: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 51: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 52: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 53: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 54: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 55: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 56: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 57: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 58: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 59: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 60: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 61: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.8 US - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 62: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 63: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 64: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 65: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.9 China - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 66: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 67: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 68: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 69: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.10 UK - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 70: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 71: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 72: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 73: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.11 Germany - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 74: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 75: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 76: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 77: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.12 Canada - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 78: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 79: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 80: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 81: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 7.13 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape
o Exhibit 82: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
• Drivers, Challenges, and Trends
o 8.1 Market drivers
o 8.2 Market challenges
o 8.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
o Exhibit 83: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2021 and 2026
o 8.4 Market trends
• Vendor Landscape
o 9.1 Overview
o 9.2 Vendor landscape
o Exhibit 84: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
o 9.3 Landscape disruption
o Exhibit 85: Overview on factors of disruption
o 9.4 Industry risks
o Exhibit 86: Impact of key risks on business
• Vendor Analysis
o 10.1 Vendors covered
o Exhibit 87: Vendors covered
o 10.2 Market positioning of vendors
o Exhibit 88: Matrix on vendor position and classification
o 10.3 Blackboard Inc.
o Exhibit 89: Blackboard Inc. - Overview
o Exhibit 90: Blackboard Inc. - Product / Service
o Exhibit 91: Blackboard Inc. - Key offerings
o 10.4 Cornerstone OnDemand Inc.
o Exhibit 92: Cornerstone OnDemand Inc. - Overview
o Exhibit 93: Cornerstone OnDemand Inc. - Product / Service
o Exhibit 94: Cornerstone OnDemand Inc. - Key offerings
o 10.5 D2L Corp.
o Exhibit 95: D2L Corp. - Overview
o Exhibit 96: D2L Corp. - Product / Service
o Exhibit 97: D2L Corp. - Key news
o Exhibit 98: D2L Corp. - Key offerings
o 10.6 Epignosis
o Exhibit 99: Epignosis - Overview
o Exhibit 100: Epignosis - Product / Service
o Exhibit 101: Epignosis - Key offerings
o 10.7 International Business Machines Corp.
o Exhibit 102: International Business Machines Corp. - Overview
o Exhibit 103: International Business Machines Corp. - Business segments
o Exhibit 104: International Business Machines Corp. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 105: International Business Machines Corp. - Segment focus
o 10.8 John Wiley and Sons Inc.
o Exhibit 106: John Wiley and Sons Inc. - Overview
o Exhibit 107: John Wiley and Sons Inc. - Business segments
o Exhibit 108: John Wiley and Sons Inc. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 109: John Wiley and Sons Inc. - Segment focus
o 10.9 Jzero Solutions Ltd.
o Exhibit 110: Jzero Solutions Ltd. - Overview
o Exhibit 111: Jzero Solutions Ltd. - Product / Service
o Exhibit 112: Jzero Solutions Ltd. - Key offerings
o 10.10 Oracle Corp.
o Exhibit 113: Oracle Corp. - Overview
o Exhibit 114: Oracle Corp. - Business segments
o Exhibit 115: Oracle Corp. - Key news
o Exhibit 116: Oracle Corp. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 117: Oracle Corp. - Segment focus
o 10.11 Paradiso Solutions
o Exhibit 118: Paradiso Solutions - Overview
o Exhibit 119: Paradiso Solutions - Product / Service
o Exhibit 120: Paradiso Solutions - Key offerings
o 10.12 SAP SE
o Exhibit 121: SAP SE - Overview
o Exhibit 122: SAP SE - Business segments
o Exhibit 123: SAP SE - Key news
o Exhibit 124: SAP SE - Key offerings
o Exhibit 125: SAP SE - Segment focus
• Appendix
o 11.1 Scope of the report
o 11.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
o Exhibit 126: Inclusions checklist
o Exhibit 127: Exclusions checklist
o 11.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
o Exhibit 128: Currency conversion rates for US$
o 11.4 Research methodology
o Exhibit 129: Research methodology
o Exhibit 130: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
o Exhibit 131: Information sources
o 11.5 List of abbreviations
o Exhibit 132: List of abbreviations


Exhibits:
Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Deployment
Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
Exhibits9: Parent market
Exhibits10: Market Characteristics
Exhibits11: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
Exhibits12: Market segments
Exhibits13: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits14: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits15: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits16: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits17: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2021 and 2026
Exhibits18: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2021 and 2026
Exhibits19: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits20: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits21: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits22: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits23: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2021 and 2026
Exhibits24: Chart on Deployment - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits25: Data Table on Deployment - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits26: Chart on Comparison by Deployment
Exhibits27: Data Table on Comparison by Deployment
Exhibits28: Chart on On-cloud - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits29: Data Table on On-cloud - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits30: Chart on On-cloud - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits31: Data Table on On-cloud - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits32: Chart on On-premise - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits33: Data Table on On-premise - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits34: Chart on On-premise - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits35: Data Table on On-premise - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits36: Market opportunity by Deployment ($ million)
Exhibits37: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
Exhibits38: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits39: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits40: Chart on Geographic comparison
Exhibits41: Data Table on Geographic comparison
Exhibits42: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits43: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits44: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits45: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits46: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits47: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits48: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits49: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits50: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits51: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits52: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits53: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits54: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits55: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits56: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits57: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits58: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits59: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits60: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits61: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits62: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits63: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits64: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits65: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits66: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits67: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits68: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits69: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits70: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits71: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits72: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits73: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits74: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits75: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits76: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits77: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits78: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits79: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits80: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits81: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits82: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
Exhibits83: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits84: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
Exhibits85: Overview on factors of disruption
Exhibits86: Impact of key risks on business
Exhibits87: Vendors covered
Exhibits88: Matrix on vendor position and classification
Exhibits89: Blackboard Inc. - Overview
Exhibits90: Blackboard Inc. - Product / Service
Exhibits91: Blackboard Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits92: Cornerstone OnDemand Inc. - Overview
Exhibits93: Cornerstone OnDemand Inc. - Product / Service
Exhibits94: Cornerstone OnDemand Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits95: D2L Corp. - Overview
Exhibits96: D2L Corp. - Product / Service
Exhibits97: D2L Corp. - Key news
Exhibits98: D2L Corp. - Key offerings
Exhibits99: Epignosis - Overview
Exhibits100: Epignosis - Product / Service
Exhibits101: Epignosis - Key offerings
Exhibits102: International Business Machines Corp. - Overview
Exhibits103: International Business Machines Corp. - Business segments
Exhibits104: International Business Machines Corp. - Key offerings
Exhibits105: International Business Machines Corp. - Segment focus
Exhibits106: John Wiley and Sons Inc. - Overview
Exhibits107: John Wiley and Sons Inc. - Business segments
Exhibits108: John Wiley and Sons Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits109: John Wiley and Sons Inc. - Segment focus
Exhibits110: Jzero Solutions Ltd. - Overview
Exhibits111: Jzero Solutions Ltd. - Product / Service
Exhibits112: Jzero Solutions Ltd. - Key offerings
Exhibits113: Oracle Corp. - Overview
Exhibits114: Oracle Corp. - Business segments
Exhibits115: Oracle Corp. - Key news
Exhibits116: Oracle Corp. - Key offerings
Exhibits117: Oracle Corp. - Segment focus
Exhibits118: Paradiso Solutions - Overview
Exhibits119: Paradiso Solutions - Product / Service
Exhibits120: Paradiso Solutions - Key offerings
Exhibits121: SAP SE - Overview
Exhibits122: SAP SE - Business segments
Exhibits123: SAP SE - Key news
Exhibits124: SAP SE - Key offerings
Exhibits125: SAP SE - Segment focus
Exhibits126: Inclusions checklist
Exhibits127: Exclusions checklist
Exhibits128: Currency conversion rates for US$
Exhibits129: Research methodology
Exhibits130: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
Exhibits131: Information sources
Exhibits132: List of abbreviations