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EMEAの脱塩水ポンプ市場 2022-2026 年
TechnavioはEMEAの脱塩ポンプ市場を監視しており、2022-2026年の間に1億8878万ドルの成長が見込まれ、予測期間中にCAGR 2.93%で加速しています。当レポートでは、EMEAの脱塩ポンプ市場について、市場規模や予測、動向、成長促進要因、課題などの全体的な分析に加え、約25社のベンダーを網羅したベンダー分析も行っています。
現在の地域別市場シナリオ、最新動向と促進要因、市場全体の環境に関する最新分析を提供しています。市場は、逆浸透膜技術に対する需要の増加、MEAにおける淡水の不足と都市化の進展、海水淡水化のための再生可能エネルギー源の使用によって牽引されています。
EMEAの脱塩水ポンプ市場の分析には、用途とタイプ別セグメント、地理的展望が含まれます。
TechnavioのEMEAの脱塩水ポンプ市場は以下のようにセグメント化されています。
用途別
- 逆浸透膜（RO
- 多重効用蒸留
- 多段フラッシュ
- その他
タイプ別
- 遠心ポンプ
- 容積式ポンプ
地域別の状況
- 中近東
- ヨーロッパ
- アフリカ
本調査では、今後数年間におけるEMEAの海水淡水化ポンプ市場の成長を促進する主な理由の1つとして、インテリジェントポンプシステムを使用した柔軟な運用を挙げています。また、ポンプ制御のための超音波レベルセンサーの使用や、ソーラーポンプの使用の増加が、市場の大きな需要につながるでしょう。
Technavioは、複数のソースからのデータの調査、合成、主要パラメータの分析による総括という方法で、市場の詳細な姿を提示します。EMEAの水脱塩ポンプ市場に関する弊社のレポートは以下の分野を対象としています。
- 脱塩水ポンプ市場のサイジング
- 脱塩水ポンプ市場の予測
- 脱塩水ポンプ市場の産業分析
Technavioの強力なベンダー分析は、お客様が市場での地位を向上できるように設計されており、これに沿って本レポートでは、EMEAの造水ポンプ市場の主要ベンダー（Acciona SA, Andritz AG, Aquatech International LLC, Danfoss AS, Ebara Corp, Exoto Inc, Flowserve Corp, General Electric Co, Grundfos Holding AS, Hitachi Ltd, Kirloskar Brothers Ltd., KSB SE and Co., KFK KGA, Lenntech KGAなど）について詳しく分析しています。KGaA、Lenntech BV、Pentair Plc、Siemens AG、SPX FLOW Inc、SUEZ SA、Sulzer Ltd、Veolia Environment SA、Xylem Inc.である。また、EMEAの脱塩水ポンプ市場の分析レポートには、今後の動向や市場成長に影響を与える課題に関する情報も含まれています。これは、企業が今後訪れるすべての成長機会を戦略的に活用するのに役立つものです。
本調査は、業界の主要参加者からのインプットを含む、一次情報と二次情報の客観的な組み合わせを使用して実施されました。本レポートには、主要ベンダーの分析に加え、包括的な市場およびベンダーランドスケープが含まれています。本レポートの詳細については、https://www.technavio.com/report/water-desalination-pumps-market-industry-analysis をご覧ください。
Technavioは、利益、価格、競争、プロモーションなどの主要パラメータの分析により、複数のソースからのデータの研究、合成、総括の方法により、市場の詳細な姿を提示します。また、業界の主要なインフルエンサーを特定することにより、市場の様々な側面を提示します。提示されるデータは包括的で信頼性が高く、一次および二次にわたる広範な調査の結果である。Technavioの市場調査レポートは、正確な市場成長を予測するために、完全な競争環境と、定性的および定量的調査を用いた詳細なベンダー選定方法および分析を提供します。

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目次

• 1 Executive Summary
o 1.1 Market overview
o Exhibit 01: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
o Exhibit 02: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
o Exhibit 03: Executive Summary - Chart on Country Market Characteristics
o Exhibit 04: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
o Exhibit 05: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application
o Exhibit 06: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
o Exhibit 07: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
o Exhibit 08: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
o Exhibit 09: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
• 2 Market Landscape
o 2.1 Market ecosystem
o Exhibit 10: Parent market
o Exhibit 11: Market Characteristics
• 3 Market Sizing
o 3.1 Market definition
o Exhibit 12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
o 3.2 Market segment analysis
o Exhibit 13: Market segments
o 3.3 Market size 2021
o 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2021-2026
o Exhibit 14: Chart on EMEA - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 15: Data Table on Regional - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 16: Chart on EMEA: Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 17: Data Table on Regional - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
• 4 Five Forces Analysis
o 4.1 Five forces summary
o Exhibit 18: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2021 and 2026
o 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
o Exhibit 19: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2021 and 2026
o 4.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
o Exhibit 20: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
o 4.4 Threat of new entrants
o Exhibit 21: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
o 4.5 Threat of substitutes
o Exhibit 22: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
o 4.6 Threat of rivalry
o Exhibit 23: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
o 4.7 Market condition
o Exhibit 24: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2021 and 2026
• 5 Market Segmentation by Application
o 5.1 Market segments
o Exhibit 25: Chart on Application - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 26: Data Table on Application - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
o 5.2 Comparison by Application
o Exhibit 27: Chart on Comparison by Application
o Exhibit 28: Data Table on Comparison by Application
o 5.3 Reverse osmosis - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 29: Chart on Reverse osmosis - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 30: Data Table on Reverse osmosis - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 31: Chart on Reverse osmosis - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 32: Data Table on Reverse osmosis - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 5.4 Multi-effect distillation - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 33: Chart on Multi-effect distillation - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 34: Data Table on Multi-effect distillation - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 35: Chart on Multi-effect distillation - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 36: Data Table on Multi-effect distillation - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 5.5 Multi-stage flash - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 37: Chart on Multi-stage flash - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 38: Data Table on Multi-stage flash - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 39: Chart on Multi-stage flash - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 40: Data Table on Multi-stage flash - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 5.6 Others - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 41: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 42: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 43: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 44: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 5.7 Market opportunity by Application
o Exhibit 45: Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
• 6 Market Segmentation by Type
o 6.1 Market segments
o Exhibit 46: Chart on Type - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 47: Data Table on Type - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
o 6.2 Comparison by Type
o Exhibit 48: Chart on Comparison by Type
o Exhibit 49: Data Table on Comparison by Type
o 6.3 Centrifugal pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 50: Chart on Centrifugal pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 51: Data Table on Centrifugal pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 52: Chart on Centrifugal pumps - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 53: Data Table on Centrifugal pumps - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 6.4 Positive displacement pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 54: Chart on Positive displacement pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 55: Data Table on Positive displacement pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 56: Chart on Positive displacement pumps - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 57: Data Table on Positive displacement pumps - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 6.5 Market opportunity by Type
o Exhibit 58: Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
• 7 Customer Landscape
o 7.1 Customer landscape overview
o Exhibit 59: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
• 8 Geographic Landscape
o 8.1 Geographic segmentation
o Exhibit 60: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape - 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 61: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape - 2021-2026 (%)
o 8.2 Geographic comparison
o Exhibit 62: Chart on Geographic comparison
o Exhibit 63: Data Table on Geographic comparison
o 8.3 Middle-East - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 64: Chart on Middle-East - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 65: Data Table on Middle-East - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 66: Chart on Middle-East - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 67: Data Table on Middle-East - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 8.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 68: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 69: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 70: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 71: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 8.5 Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026
o Exhibit 72: Chart on Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 73: Data Table on Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
o Exhibit 74: Chart on Africa - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o Exhibit 75: Data Table on Africa - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
o 8.6 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape
o Exhibit 76: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
• 9 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends
o 9.1 Market drivers
o 9.2 Market challenges
o 9.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
o Exhibit 77: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2021 and 2026
o 9.4 Market trends
• 10 Vendor Landscape
o 10.1 Overview
o 10.2 Vendor landscape
o Exhibit 78: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
o 10.3 Landscape disruption
o Exhibit 79: Overview on factors of disruption
o 10.4 Industry risks
o Exhibit 80: Impact of key risks on business
• 11 Vendor Analysis
o 11.1 Vendors covered
o Exhibit 81: Vendors covered
o 11.2 Market positioning of vendors
o Exhibit 82: Matrix on vendor position and classification
o 11.3 Andritz AG
o Exhibit 83: Andritz AG - Overview
o Exhibit 84: Andritz AG - Business segments
o Exhibit 85: Andritz AG - Key offerings
o Exhibit 86: Andritz AG - Segment focus
o 11.4 Danfoss AS
o Exhibit 87: Danfoss AS - Overview
o Exhibit 88: Danfoss AS - Business segments
o Exhibit 89: Danfoss AS - Key news
o Exhibit 90: Danfoss AS - Key offerings
o Exhibit 91: Danfoss AS - Segment focus
o 11.5 Ebara Corp.
o Exhibit 92: Ebara Corp. - Overview
o Exhibit 93: Ebara Corp. - Business segments
o Exhibit 94: Ebara Corp. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 95: Ebara Corp. - Segment focus
o 11.6 Flowserve Corp.
o Exhibit 96: Flowserve Corp. - Overview
o Exhibit 97: Flowserve Corp. - Business segments
o Exhibit 98: Flowserve Corp. - Key news
o Exhibit 99: Flowserve Corp. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 100: Flowserve Corp. - Segment focus
o 11.7 General Electric Co.
o Exhibit 101: General Electric Co. - Overview
o Exhibit 102: General Electric Co. - Business segments
o Exhibit 103: General Electric Co. - Key news
o Exhibit 104: General Electric Co. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 105: General Electric Co. - Segment focus
o 11.8 Grundfos Holding AS
o Exhibit 106: Grundfos Holding AS - Overview
o Exhibit 107: Grundfos Holding AS - Product / Service
o Exhibit 108: Grundfos Holding AS - Key news
o Exhibit 109: Grundfos Holding AS - Key offerings
o 11.9 Pentair Plc
o Exhibit 110: Pentair Plc - Overview
o Exhibit 111: Pentair Plc - Business segments
o Exhibit 112: Pentair Plc - Key news
o Exhibit 113: Pentair Plc - Key offerings
o Exhibit 114: Pentair Plc - Segment focus
o 11.10 SPX FLOW Inc.
o Exhibit 115: SPX FLOW Inc. - Overview
o Exhibit 116: SPX FLOW Inc. - Business segments
o Exhibit 117: SPX FLOW Inc. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 118: SPX FLOW Inc. - Segment focus
o 11.11 Sulzer Ltd.
o Exhibit 119: Sulzer Ltd. - Overview
o Exhibit 120: Sulzer Ltd. - Business segments
o Exhibit 121: Sulzer Ltd. - Key news
o Exhibit 122: Sulzer Ltd. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 123: Sulzer Ltd. - Segment focus
o 11.12 Xylem Inc.
o Exhibit 124: Xylem Inc. - Overview
o Exhibit 125: Xylem Inc. - Business segments
o Exhibit 126: Xylem Inc. - Key offerings
o Exhibit 127: Xylem Inc. - Segment focus
• 12 Appendix
o 12.1 Scope of the report
o 12.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
o Exhibit 128: Inclusions checklist
o Exhibit 129: Exclusions checklist
o 12.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
o Exhibit 130: Currency conversion rates for US$
o 12.4 Research methodology
o Exhibit 131: Research methodology
o Exhibit 132: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
o Exhibit 133: Information sources
o 12.5 List of abbreviations
o Exhibit 134: List of abbreviations


Exhibits:
Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Country Market Characteristics
Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application
Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
Exhibits9: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
Exhibits10: Parent market
Exhibits11: Market Characteristics
Exhibits12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
Exhibits13: Market segments
Exhibits14: Chart on EMEA - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits15: Data Table on Regional - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits16: Chart on EMEA: Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits17: Data Table on Regional - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits18: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2021 and 2026
Exhibits19: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2021 and 2026
Exhibits20: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits21: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits22: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits23: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits24: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2021 and 2026
Exhibits25: Chart on Application - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits26: Data Table on Application - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits27: Chart on Comparison by Application
Exhibits28: Data Table on Comparison by Application
Exhibits29: Chart on Reverse osmosis - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits30: Data Table on Reverse osmosis - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits31: Chart on Reverse osmosis - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits32: Data Table on Reverse osmosis - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits33: Chart on Multi-effect distillation - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits34: Data Table on Multi-effect distillation - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits35: Chart on Multi-effect distillation - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits36: Data Table on Multi-effect distillation - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits37: Chart on Multi-stage flash - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits38: Data Table on Multi-stage flash - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits39: Chart on Multi-stage flash - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits40: Data Table on Multi-stage flash - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits41: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits42: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits43: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits44: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits45: Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
Exhibits46: Chart on Type - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits47: Data Table on Type - Market share 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits48: Chart on Comparison by Type
Exhibits49: Data Table on Comparison by Type
Exhibits50: Chart on Centrifugal pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits51: Data Table on Centrifugal pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits52: Chart on Centrifugal pumps - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits53: Data Table on Centrifugal pumps - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits54: Chart on Positive displacement pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits55: Data Table on Positive displacement pumps - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits56: Chart on Positive displacement pumps - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits57: Data Table on Positive displacement pumps - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits58: Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
Exhibits59: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
Exhibits60: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape - 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits61: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape - 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits62: Chart on Geographic comparison
Exhibits63: Data Table on Geographic comparison
Exhibits64: Chart on Middle-East - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits65: Data Table on Middle-East - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits66: Chart on Middle-East - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits67: Data Table on Middle-East - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits68: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits69: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits70: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits71: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits72: Chart on Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits73: Data Table on Africa - Market size and forecast 2021-2026 ($ million)
Exhibits74: Chart on Africa - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits75: Data Table on Africa - Year-over-year growth 2021-2026 (%)
Exhibits76: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
Exhibits77: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2021 and 2026
Exhibits78: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
Exhibits79: Overview on factors of disruption
Exhibits80: Impact of key risks on business
Exhibits81: Vendors covered
Exhibits82: Matrix on vendor position and classification
Exhibits83: Andritz AG - Overview
Exhibits84: Andritz AG - Business segments
Exhibits85: Andritz AG - Key offerings
Exhibits86: Andritz AG - Segment focus
Exhibits87: Danfoss AS - Overview
Exhibits88: Danfoss AS - Business segments
Exhibits89: Danfoss AS - Key news
Exhibits90: Danfoss AS - Key offerings
Exhibits91: Danfoss AS - Segment focus
Exhibits92: Ebara Corp. - Overview
Exhibits93: Ebara Corp. - Business segments
Exhibits94: Ebara Corp. - Key offerings
Exhibits95: Ebara Corp. - Segment focus
Exhibits96: Flowserve Corp. - Overview
Exhibits97: Flowserve Corp. - Business segments
Exhibits98: Flowserve Corp. - Key news
Exhibits99: Flowserve Corp. - Key offerings
Exhibits100: Flowserve Corp. - Segment focus
Exhibits101: General Electric Co. - Overview
Exhibits102: General Electric Co. - Business segments
Exhibits103: General Electric Co. - Key news
Exhibits104: General Electric Co. - Key offerings
Exhibits105: General Electric Co. - Segment focus
Exhibits106: Grundfos Holding AS - Overview
Exhibits107: Grundfos Holding AS - Product / Service
Exhibits108: Grundfos Holding AS - Key news
Exhibits109: Grundfos Holding AS - Key offerings
Exhibits110: Pentair Plc - Overview
Exhibits111: Pentair Plc - Business segments
Exhibits112: Pentair Plc - Key news
Exhibits113: Pentair Plc - Key offerings
Exhibits114: Pentair Plc - Segment focus
Exhibits115: SPX FLOW Inc. - Overview
Exhibits116: SPX FLOW Inc. - Business segments
Exhibits117: SPX FLOW Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits118: SPX FLOW Inc. - Segment focus
Exhibits119: Sulzer Ltd. - Overview
Exhibits120: Sulzer Ltd. - Business segments
Exhibits121: Sulzer Ltd. - Key news
Exhibits122: Sulzer Ltd. - Key offerings
Exhibits123: Sulzer Ltd. - Segment focus
Exhibits124: Xylem Inc. - Overview
Exhibits125: Xylem Inc. - Business segments
Exhibits126: Xylem Inc. - Key offerings
Exhibits127: Xylem Inc. - Segment focus
Exhibits128: Inclusions checklist
Exhibits129: Exclusions checklist
Exhibits130: Currency conversion rates for US$
Exhibits131: Research methodology
Exhibits132: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
Exhibits133: Information sources
Exhibits134: List of abbreviations