Spark
Context
Context
Defining PEV Grid Services for Microgrids and VPPs
Vehicle Grid Integration Protects Utilities but Scaling Is Difficult
Added Value of VGI Realized in Microgrids and VPPs
Transforming PEVs from Grid Challenge into Grid Solution
Comparing Utility, Microgrid, and VPP Applications of PEVs
VGI for Microgrids and VPPs Adds Nuance to Value Propositions
Pairing EV Chargers with Stationary Batteries
Microgrid and VPP Case Studies Tapping PEVs as Grid Resources
Microgrids Show Real-World Benefits of VGI
San Diego Zoo, California
Camp Carson, Colorado
Wheeler Army Airfield, Hawaii
Island of Bornholm, Denmark
University of California San Diego, California
VPPs Expand Portfolios of DER Assets to Include PEVs
Green Omni-Terminal Demonstration, Port of Los Angeles, California
General Motors E-Motor Plant, Maryland
Alectra, Ontario
California Independent System Operator and eMotorWerks VPP, California
Jeju Island, South Korea
PEVs Emerge as Viable Enabling Technology for Microgrids and VPPs Within the Next 5 Years
Microgrids as a Solution
Campus/Institutional, Military, and Remote Applications Best Near-Term Opportunities for Microgrids
Incentive Misalignment Hinders PEV Assets from Driving Microgrid Adoption
Standards Can Drive Hardware and Software Suppliers Toward Microgrids
Effects of Microgrids on Utilities and Transmission Grid Operators Still Unclear
VPPs as a Solution
Several Markets Provide Near-Term Market Opportunities for VPPs
Looking Beyond PEVs as Simply Transportation Vehicles
Open Platforms are the Future for Hardware and Software Suppliers
VPPs Provide Upstream Value to Utilities and Transmission Grid Operators
Next Steps in the Energy Cloud Journey for PEVs
PEV Stakeholders Should Explore Standards, New Grid Services, and Energy as a Service
Onsite Synergy with ES and Pioneering Should be the Focus for Microgrid Stakeholders
VPP Stakeholders Should Tap AI, Promote Market Reforms, and Look to DERMS