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ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート（PHA）市場：タイプ（短鎖長、中鎖長）、製造方法（砂糖発酵、植物油発酵）、用途（包装・食品サービス、バイオメディカル）、地域別 - 2027年までの世界市場予測


Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Market by Type (Short chain length, Medium Chain Lenth), Production Methods (Sugar Fermentation, Vegetable Oil Fermentation), Application (Packaging & Food Services, Biomedical) and Region - Global Forecast to 2027

PHA市場は、予測期間中に15.3%のCAGRで2027年に1億6700万ドルに達すると予想されています。環境に対する意識の高まりと、従来のプラスチックがもたらす有害な影響が、PHA市場の成長を後押ししています。欧州や北... もっと見る

　

　

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MarketsandMarkets
マーケッツアンドマーケッツ 		2022年8月8日 US$4,950
シングルユーザライセンス
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PHA市場は、予測期間中に15.3%のCAGRで2027年に1億6700万ドルに達すると予想されています。環境に対する意識の高まりと、従来のプラスチックがもたらす有害な影響が、PHA市場の成長を後押ししています。欧州や北米などの先進地域では、厳しい規制を導入しており、これが市場に有利な機会をもたらす可能性があります。
"用途別では、バイオメディカルが2021年のPHA市場で数量ベースで2番目に大きな市場シェアを占めている"
プラスチックは、バイオメディカル材料やドラッグデリバリー用途の製造に使用されることが増えてきています。合成プラスチックとバイオベースプラスチックの両方が、必要とされる適合性と特性に応じて、バイオ医療機器の製造に利用されています。合成樹脂ではPE、PS、PVC、PPが使用され、PLAとPHAは生分解性である。これらの材料の機械的特性は、組織工学や創傷治療などの特定の医療用途に適合する必要があるため、この分野では最も重要な要素となっています。
「砂糖発酵は、予測期間中、PHA市場の中で金額ベースで2番目に急成長するアプリケーションになると予想されます。
砂糖発酵は、原料の供給源に基づく、最も一般的な生産方法です。サトウキビ、ビート、糖蜜、バガスは豊富に入手でき、細菌によって容易に消費され、PHAを生産するために変換されるため、予測期間中、金額ベースで2番目に高いCAGRで成長すると予測されます。
"地域別では、2021年に欧州地域が数量ベースで最大のPHA市場となりました。"
欧州は生分解性プラスチックのパイオニアの1つであり、持続可能なパッケージングに大きな力を注いでいます。欧州では環境問題への意識が高まり、生物学的廃棄物処理施設の創設に影響を与える法律や規制が策定されています。
二次調査によって特定されたいくつかのセグメントとサブセグメントの市場規模を決定し検証する過程で、広範な一次インタビューが実施された。主なインタビュー対象者のプロフィールの内訳は以下の通りです。
- 企業タイプ別企業タイプ別：Tier 1 69%、Tier 2 23%、Tier 3 8
- 役職別役職別：Cレベル23％、ディレクターレベル37％、その他40
- 地域別地域別：北米30％、欧州18％、アジア太平洋41％、その他の地域11

本市場の主要プレイヤーは、Danimer Scientific（米国）、Shenzhen Ecomann Biotechnology Co.(中国）、株式会社カネカ（日本）、RWDC Industries（シンガポール）、Newlight Technologies LLC（米国）、TianAn Biologic Materials Co.(中国)、Biomer (ドイツ)。
調査対象範囲
本レポートでは、PHA市場をタイプ、製造方法、用途、地域別に分類し、各地域の市場全体の価値を推計しています。業界主要企業の詳細な分析を行い、PHA市場に関連する事業概要、製品・サービス、主要戦略、新製品発表、事業拡張、M&Aなどに関する洞察を提供しています。
本レポートを購入する主なメリット
本調査レポートは、産業分析（業界動向）、トッププレイヤーの市場ランキング分析、企業プロファイルなど、様々なレベルの分析に焦点を当てており、これらを合わせて、競争環境、PHA市場の新興および高成長セグメント、高成長地域、市場の促進要因、阻害要因、機会、課題に関する全体像を提供します。
本レポートでは、以下のポイントに関する洞察を提供しています。
- 市場の浸透。世界のPHA市場におけるトッププレイヤーが提供するPHA市場に関する包括的な情報
- 製品開発/イノベーション。PHA市場における今後の技術、研究開発活動、新製品発売に関する詳細な洞察
- 市場開発。有利な新興市場に関する包括的な情報 - 本レポートでは、地域ごとのPHA市場を分析している
- 市場の多様化。PHAの世界市場における新製品、未開拓地域、最近の開発に関する徹底的な情報提供
- 競争力のある評価。PHA市場における主要企業の市場シェア、戦略、製品、製造能力に関する詳細な評価
- COVID-19のPHA市場への影響

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目次

1 INTRODUCTION 28
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 28
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 28
1.2.1 PHA MARKET: INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS 28
1.2.2 PHA: MARKET DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY TYPE 28
1.2.3 PHA: MARKET DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY PRODUCTION METHOD 29
1.2.4 PHA: MARKET DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY APPLICATION 29
1.3 MARKET SCOPE 29
1.3.1 REGIONS COVERED 30
1.3.2 YEARS CONSIDERED 30
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 30
1.5 UNIT CONSIDERED 31
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 31
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 31
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 32
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 32
FIGURE 1 PHA MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 32
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 33
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 33
2.1.2.1 Primary interviews: Demand- and Supply-sides 33
2.1.2.2 Key industry insights 34
2.1.2.3 Breakdown of primary interviews 34
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 35
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 35
FIGURE 2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION - APPROACH 1 (SUPPLY-SIDE): COMBINED SHARE OF MAJOR PLAYERS 35
FIGURE 3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION - BOTTOM-UP (SUPPLY-SIDE): REVENUE FROM PHA SALE 36
FIGURE 4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 2 – BOTTOM-UP (DEMAND-SIDE): PRODUCTS SOLD AND AVERAGE SELLING PRICE 36
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 37
FIGURE 5 PHA MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION 37
2.4 GROWTH RATE ASSUMPTIONS/FORECAST 38
2.4.1 SUPPLY-SIDE 38
FIGURE 6 CAGR PROJECTIONS FROM SUPPLY-SIDE 38
2.4.2 DEMAND-SIDE 39
FIGURE 7 PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE: DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES 39
2.5 FACTOR ANALYSIS 40
2.6 ASSUMPTIONS 40
2.7 LIMITATIONS 41
2.8 RISK ASSESSMENT 41
TABLE 1 PHA MARKET: RISK ASSESSMENT 41
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 42
FIGURE 8 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH SEGMENT TO DOMINATE IN 2022 43
FIGURE 9 PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES LARGEST APPLICATION 43
FIGURE 10 EUROPE ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARE IN 2021 44
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 45
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN PHA MARKET 45
FIGURE 11 PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES AND BIOMEDICAL OFFER SIGNIFICANT OPPORTUNITIES 45
4.2 EUROPE PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION AND COUNTRY 45
FIGURE 12 GERMANY LED EUROPE PHA MARKET IN “2O21” 45
4.3 PHA MARKET, BY PRODUCTION METHOD 46
FIGURE 13 SUGAR FERMENTATION SEGMENT TO DOMINATE BETWEEN 2022 AND 2027 46
4.4 PHA MARKET, BY REGION 46
FIGURE 14 EUROPE PROJECTED TO BE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET 46
4.5 PHA MARKET, REGION VS. APPLICATION 47
FIGURE 15 PACKAGING AND FOOD SERVICES TO LEAD GROWTH 47
4.6 PHA MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS 47
FIGURE 16 ITALY FASTEST-GROWING MARKET BETWEEN 2022 AND 2027 47
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 48
5.1 INTRODUCTION 48
5.1.1 EVOLUTION OF PHA 48
FIGURE 17 PHA DISCOVERY IN 1925 IN FRANCE 48
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 49
FIGURE 18 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN PHA MARKET 49
5.2.1 DRIVERS 49
5.2.1.1 Green procurement policies 49
TABLE 2 NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPEAN UNION REGULATIONS 50
5.2.1.2 High availability of renewable and cost-effective raw materials 51
5.2.1.3 Biodegradability driving consumption 51
FIGURE 19 SHORTCOMINGS OF NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS 52
5.2.1.4 Increasing concerns about human health and safety 52
TABLE 3 CONVENTIONAL PLASTICS: HEALTH CONCERNS 52
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 54
5.2.2.1 High price compared with conventional polymers 54
5.2.2.2 Performance issues 55
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 55
5.2.3.1 Increasing scope in end-use segments 55
5.2.3.2 Emergence of new raw materials 56
5.2.3.3 Cost reductions through economies of scale 56
5.2.3.4 Cyanobacteria enabling cost reduction 56
5.2.3.5 Growth opportunities in Asia Pacific 57
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 57
5.2.4.1 Manufacturing technology in initial phase 57
5.2.4.2 Underutilization of manufacturing plants 57
TABLE 4 PHA PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY COMPANY, 2021 (TONS/YEAR) 58
5.2.4.3 Expensive and complex production process 58
5.3 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 59
FIGURE 20 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS: PHA MARKET 59
5.3.1 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 59
5.3.2 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 60
5.3.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 60
5.3.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 60
5.3.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 61
TABLE 5 PHA MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 61
5.4 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 61
5.4.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 61
FIGURE 21 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS 61
TABLE 6 STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCE IN BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS (%) 62
5.4.2 BUYING CRITERIA 62
FIGURE 22 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS 62
TABLE 7 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS 63
5.5 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS 63
5.5.1 GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST FOR MAJOR ECONOMIES 64
TABLE 8 FORECAST GDP TRENDS FOR MAJOR ECONOMIES, 2019–2027 (USD BILLION) 64
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS 65
6.1 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 65
FIGURE 23 PHA MARKET: SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 65
6.1.1 RAW MATERIAL 65
6.1.2 FERMENTATION 65
6.1.3 EXTRACTION 65
6.1.4 END-USE INDUSTRIES 66
6.2 PHA MARKET: REALISTIC, PESSIMISTIC, OPTIMISTIC, AND NON-COVID-19 SCENARIOS 66
FIGURE 24 REALISTIC, PESSIMISTIC, OPTIMISTIC, AND NON-COVID-19 SCENARIOS 66
TABLE 9 PHA MARKET FORECAST SCENARIO, 2019–2027 (USD MILLION) 66
6.2.1 NON-COVID-19 SCENARIO 66
6.2.2 OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO 67
6.2.3 PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO 67
6.2.4 REALISTIC SCENARIO 67
6.3 PRICING ANALYSIS 67
6.3.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF APPLICATIONS OF KEY PLAYERS 67
FIGURE 25 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF TOP THREE APPLICATIONS OF KEY PLAYERS 67
TABLE 10 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF TOP THREE APPLICATIONS OF KEY, USD/KG 68
6.3.2 PHA AVERAGE SELLING PRICE, BY REGION 68
FIGURE 26 PHA AVERAGE SELLING PRICE, BY REGION, USD/KG 68
TABLE 11 PHA AVERAGE SELLING PRICE, BY REGION (USD/KG) 69
6.4 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESSES 69
6.4.1 REVENUE SHIFTS AND POCKETS FOR PHA MARKET 69
FIGURE 27 REVENUE SHIFTS FOR PHA MARKET 69
6.5 CONNECTED MARKETS: ECOSYSTEM 70
TABLE 12 PHA MARKET: ECOSYSTEM 70
FIGURE 28 PHA MARKET: ECOSYSTEM 71
6.6 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 71
FIGURE 29 DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES UTILIZED FOR PHA PRODUCTION 72
6.6.1 COMMERCIALIZED TECHNOLOGIES 72
TABLE 13 COMMERCIALIZED AND TO BE COMMERCIALIZED TECHNOLOGIES, TYPE AND PRODUCTION METHOD 72
6.6.2 PHA PRODUCTION IN BIOREFINERIES 73
6.6.3 YET TO BE COMMERCIALIZED 74
6.6.4 OTHER POSSIBILITIES 75
6.7 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 75
6.7.1 CASE STUDY: PHA USED TO PRODUCE BIODEGRADABLE STRAWS 75
6.7.2 CASE STUDY: UTILIZATION OF PHA FOR SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING 76
6.7.3 CASE STUDY: USE OF PHA FOR MANUFACTURE OF BIODEGRADABLE SPIRIT BOTTLES 76
6.8 TRADE DATA STATISTICS 76
6.8.1 IMPORT SCENARIO OF PHA 76
FIGURE 30 IMPORT OF PHA, BY KEY COUNTRIES (2015–2021) 76
TABLE 14 IMPORT OF PHA, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND) 77
6.8.2 EXPORT SCENARIO OF PHA 77
FIGURE 31 EXPORT OF PHA, BY KEY COUNTRIES (2015–2020) 77
TABLE 15 EXPORT OF PHA, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND) 77
6.9 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 78
TABLE 16 REGULATIONS FOR PHA 78
6.9.1 REACH 79
6.9.2 EPA 79
6.10 KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS IN 2022–2023 80
TABLE 17 PHA MARKETS: LIST OF CONFERENCES & EVENTS 80
6.11 PATENT ANALYSIS 80
6.11.1 APPROACH 81
6.11.2 DOCUMENT TYPE 81
FIGURE 32 PATENT PUBLICATION TRENDS FOR PHA MARKET, 2011–2021 81
FIGURE 33 LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS 82
6.11.3 JURISDICTION ANALYSIS 82
FIGURE 34 MAXIMUM PATENTS FILED BY COMPANIES IN CHINA 82
6.11.4 TOP APPLICANTS 83
FIGURE 35 KANEKA CORPORATION REGISTERED HIGHEST PATENTS BETWEEN 2011 AND 2021 83
TABLE 18 RECENT PATENTS BY KANEKA CORPORATION 83
TABLE 19 RECENT PATENTS BY YIELD10 BIOSCIENCE 84
TABLE 20 RECENT PATENTS BY VEOLIA WATER TECHNOLOGIES 85
TABLE 21 TOP 10 PATENT OWNERS IN US, 2011–2021 86
7 SOURCES AND PROCESSES OF PHA PRODUCTION 87
7.1 GENERAL PRODUCTION PROCESS 87
FIGURE 36 PROCESS FLOW OF PHA PRODUCTION 87
7.2 SUGAR SUBSTRATE OR CARBOHYDRATES FROM PLANTS 87
FIGURE 37 SUGAR SUBSTRATES FOR PHA PRODUCTION 88
7.3 TRIACYLGLYCEROLS 88
7.4 HYDROCARBONS 89
FIGURE 38 HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATES 89
7.5 STRAIN SELECTION 89
TABLE 22 LIST OF BACTERIUM STRAINS AND OUTPUT 90
7.6 BIOPROCESS AND DOWNSTREAM PROCESS 91
7.6.1 FERMENTATION PROCESS 91
7.6.1.1 Discontinuous process 91
7.6.1.1.1 Batch process 91
7.6.1.1.2 Fed-batch process 91
7.6.1.1.3 Fed-batch process with cell recycling 91
7.6.1.1.4 Repeated fed-batch 91
7.6.1.2 Continuous process 91
7.6.1.2.1 Continuous fed-batch process 91
7.6.1.2.2 One-stage chemostat 91
7.6.1.2.3 Two-stage chemostat 92
7.6.1.2.4 Multi-stage chemostat 92
7.6.2 EXTRACTION PROCESS 92
FIGURE 39 EXTRACTION PROCESS FLOW 92
8 PRODUCTION CAPACITY ANALYSIS 93
TABLE 23 CURRENT PRODUCTION CAPACITIES (TON) 93
TABLE 24 UPCOMING PLAYERS 94
TABLE 25 DISCONTINUED OR STALLED PRODUCTION 95
9 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) MARKET, BY TYPE 96
9.1 INTRODUCTION 97
FIGURE 40 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGER SHARE IN 2022 97
TABLE 26 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 97
TABLE 27 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 98
TABLE 28 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 29 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 98
9.2 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH 99
9.2.1 POLYHYDROXYVALERATE (PHV) 99
9.2.1.1 PHV polymers can form single crystals with lamellar 99
9.2.2 P (4HB-CO-3HB) 99
9.2.2.1 4HB and 3HB ratio decide copolymer properties 99
9.2.3 P (3HB-CO-3HV) 99
9.2.3.1 High HV fraction makes polymers more elastic 99
9.2.4 OTHERS 99
9.2.4.1 Utilization as copolymers 99
TABLE 30 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 100
TABLE 31 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 100
TABLE 32 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 33 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 101
9.3 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH 101
9.3.1 P (HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-HYDROXYOCTANOATE) 101
9.3.1.1 Nodax most common PHA 101
9.3.2 P (3HB-CO-3HV-CO-4HB) 101
9.3.2.1 Suitable for medical applications due to high mechanical strength 101
9.3.3 OTHERS 102
9.3.3.1 Potential use in medical and biotechnology fields 102
TABLE 34 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 102
TABLE 35 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 102
TABLE 36 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 37 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 103
10 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) MARKET, BY PRODUCTION METHOD 104
10.1 INTRODUCTION 105
FIGURE 41 SUGAR FERMENTATION PRODUCTION METHOD TO LEAD MARKET 105
TABLE 38 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2017–2020 (TON) 105
TABLE 39 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2021–2027 (TON) 106
TABLE 40 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 106
TABLE 41 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 106
11 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) MARKET, BY APPLICATION 108
11.1 INTRODUCTION 109
FIGURE 42 PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE OF MARKET 109
TABLE 42 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 109
TABLE 43 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 110
TABLE 44 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 110
TABLE 45 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 110
11.2 PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES 111
11.2.1 PACKAGING 111
11.2.1.1 Rigid packaging 112
11.2.1.1.1 High impact on rigid packaging segment 112
11.2.1.2 Flexible packaging 112
11.2.1.2.1 Replacement for petroleum-based plastics in flexible packaging 112
11.2.1.3 Others 112
11.2.1.3.1 Loose-fill 112
11.2.1.3.2 Compost bags 112
11.2.2 FOOD SERVICES 112
11.2.2.1 High number of applications 112
11.2.2.2 Cups 113
11.2.2.2.1 Biodegradable disposable PHA cups reduce plastic waste 113
11.2.2.3 Trays 113
11.2.2.3.1 Sustainable trays from PHA-based plastics 113
11.2.2.4 Other food services 113
11.2.2.4.1 Containers 113
11.2.2.4.2 Jars 113
TABLE 46 PHA MARKET SIZE IN PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 114
TABLE 47 PHA MARKET SIZE IN PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 114
TABLE 48 PHA MARKET SIZE IN PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 49 PHA MARKET SIZE IN PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 115
11.3 BIOMEDICAL 115
11.3.1 SUTURES 116
11.3.1.1 High tensile strength enables manufacture of biodegradable sutures 116
11.3.2 DRUG RELEASE 116
11.3.2.1 Biocompatibility suitable for drug carrier applications 116
11.3.3 OTHER BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 116
TABLE 50 PHA MARKET SIZE IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 116
TABLE 51 PHA MARKET SIZE IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 116
TABLE 52 PHA MARKET SIZE IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 53 PHA MARKET SIZE IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 117
11.4 AGRICULTURE 118
11.4.1 MULCH FILMS 118
11.4.1.1 Mulch films enable farmers to directly plow fields 118
11.4.2 PLANT POTS 118
11.4.2.1 Plant pots help initial stages of plant growth 118
11.4.3 OTHER AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS 118
11.4.3.1 Bins 118
11.4.3.2 Chutes 118
11.4.3.3 Hoppers 118
TABLE 54 PHA MARKET SIZE IN AGRICULTURE APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 119
TABLE 55 PHA MARKET SIZE IN AGRICULTURE APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 119
TABLE 56 PHA MARKET SIZE IN AGRICULTURE APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 57 PHA MARKET SIZE IN AGRICULTURE APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 120
11.5 OTHERS 120
11.5.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT 120
11.5.2 COSMETICS 120
11.5.3 CHEMICAL ADDITIVES 120
11.5.4 3D PRINTING 120
TABLE 58 PHA MARKET SIZE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 121
TABLE 59 PHA MARKET SIZE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 121
TABLE 60 PHA MARKET SIZE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 61 PHA MARKET SIZE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 122
12 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) MARKET, BY REGION 123
12.1 INTRODUCTION 124
TABLE 62 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 124
TABLE 63 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 124
TABLE 64 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 65 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 125
12.2 NORTH AMERICA 125
FIGURE 43 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SNAPSHOT 126
TABLE 66 MAJOR PHA MANUFACTURERS IN NORTH AMERICA 126
TABLE 67 UPCOMING PHA MANUFACTURERS IN NORTH AMERICA 127
12.2.1 NORTH AMERICA PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION 127
TABLE 68 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 127
TABLE 69 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 127
TABLE 70 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 71 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
12.2.2 NORTH AMERICA PHA MARKET, BY TYPE 128
TABLE 72 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 128
TABLE 73 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 128
TABLE 74 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 75 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 129
12.2.3 NORTH AMERICA PHA MARKET, BY COUNTRY 129
TABLE 76 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (TON) 129
TABLE 77 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (TON) 129
TABLE 78 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 79 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 130
12.2.3.1 US 130
12.2.3.1.1 Stringent production, use, and disposal regulations 130
TABLE 80 US: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 130
TABLE 81 US: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 131
12.2.3.2 Canada 131
12.2.3.2.1 Proposed ban on single-use plastics to influence market growth 131
TABLE 82 CANADA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 131
TABLE 83 CANADA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 131
12.2.3.3 Mexico 132
12.2.3.3.1 Government initiatives and international investments creating opportunities 132
TABLE 84 MEXICO: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 132
TABLE 85 MEXICO: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 132
12.3 EUROPE 132
FIGURE 44 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SNAPSHOT 133
TABLE 86 MAJOR PHA MANUFACTURERS IN EUROPE 134
TABLE 87 UPCOMING PHA MANUFACTURERS IN EUROPE 134
12.3.1 EUROPE PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION 134
TABLE 88 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 134
TABLE 89 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 134
TABLE 90 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 91 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
12.3.2 EUROPE PHA MARKET, BY TYPE 135
TABLE 92 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 135
TABLE 93 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 135
TABLE 94 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 95 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
12.3.3 EUROPE PHA MARKET, BY COUNTRY 136
TABLE 96 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (TON) 136
TABLE 97 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (TON) 137
TABLE 98 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 99 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 137
12.3.3.1 Germany 138
12.3.3.1.1 Advanced infrastructure for solid waste management to propel market 138
TABLE 100 GERMANY: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 138
TABLE 101 GERMANY: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 138
12.3.3.2 UK 138
12.3.3.2.1 Government’s aim to achieve zero-waste economy to influence growth 138
TABLE 102 UK: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 139
TABLE 103 UK: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 139
12.3.3.3 France 139
12.3.3.3.1 Government’s initiatives for bio-based economy to drive market 139
TABLE 104 FRANCE: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 139
TABLE 105 FRANCE: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 139
12.3.3.4 Italy 140
12.3.3.4.1 Demand for eco-friendly packaging solutions to drive market 140
TABLE 106 ITALY: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 140
TABLE 107 ITALY: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 140
12.3.3.5 Rest of Europe 140
TABLE 108 REST OF EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 141
TABLE 109 REST OF EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 141
12.4 ASIA PACIFIC 141
FIGURE 45 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SNAPSHOT 142
TABLE 110 MAJOR PHA MANUFACTURERS IN ASIA PACIFIC 142
TABLE 111 UPCOMING PHA MANUFACTURERS IN ASIA PACIFIC 143
12.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION 143
TABLE 112 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 143
TABLE 113 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 143
TABLE 114 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 115 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 144
12.4.2 ASIA PACIFIC PHA MARKET, BY TYPE 144
TABLE 116 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 144
TABLE 117 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 144
TABLE 118 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 119 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 145
12.4.3 ASIA PACIFIC PHA MARKET, BY COUNTRY 145
TABLE 120 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (TON) 145
TABLE 121 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (TON) 145
TABLE 122 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 123 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 146
12.4.3.1 China 147
12.4.3.1.1 Global and local PHA manufacturers to drive market 147
TABLE 124 CHINA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 147
TABLE 125 CHINA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 147
12.4.3.2 Japan 147
12.4.3.2.1 Biomass-based plastics and biodegradable plastics to fuel market 147
TABLE 126 JAPAN: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 148
TABLE 127 JAPAN: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 148
12.4.3.3 India 148
12.4.3.3.1 Ban on non-biodegradable plastics to boost market 148
TABLE 128 INDIA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 148
TABLE 129 INDIA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 149
12.4.3.4 Malaysia 149
12.4.3.4.1 Fully automated plant producing biodegradable plastic from palm oil, propelling market 149
TABLE 130 MALAYSIA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 149
TABLE 131 MALAYSIA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 149
12.4.3.5 South Korea 150
12.4.3.5.1 Existing R&D establishments to encourage PHA manufacturers 150
TABLE 132 SOUTH KOREA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 150
TABLE 133 SOUTH KOREA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 150
12.4.3.6 Rest of Asia Pacific 150
TABLE 134 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 151
TABLE 135 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 151
12.5 REST OF THE WORLD (ROW) 151
12.5.1 REST OF THE WORLD PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION 151
TABLE 136 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 151
TABLE 137 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 152
TABLE 138 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 139 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 152
12.5.2 REST OF THE WORLD PHA MARKET, BY TYPE 153
TABLE 140 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 153
TABLE 141 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 153
TABLE 142 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 143 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 153
12.5.3 REST OF THE WORLD PHA MARKET, BY REGION 153
TABLE 144 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 153
TABLE 145 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 154
TABLE 146 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 154
TABLE 147 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 154
12.5.3.1 South America 155
12.5.3.1.1 Awareness toward green economy to propel market 155
TABLE 148 SOUTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 155
TABLE 149 SOUTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 155
12.5.3.2 Middle East & Africa 155
12.5.3.2.1 Growing biomedical industry to drive market 155
TABLE 150 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 156
TABLE 151 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 156
13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 157
13.1 INTRODUCTION 157
13.2 STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS 157
TABLE 152 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PHA MANUFACTURERS 157
13.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 158
13.3.1 RANKING OF KEY MARKET PLAYERS, 2021 158
FIGURE 46 RANKING OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS IN PHA MARKET, 2021 158
13.3.2 MARKET SHARE OF KEY PLAYERS 159
TABLE 153 PHA MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION 159
FIGURE 47 DANIMER SCIENTIFIC LED PHA MARKET IN 2021 159
13.3.2.1 Danimer Scientific 160
13.3.2.2 Shenzhen Ecomann Biotechnology Co., Ltd 160
13.3.2.3 Kaneka Corporation 160
13.3.2.4 RWDC Industries 160
13.3.2.5 TianAn Biologic Materials Co. Ltd. 160
13.3.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS 161
FIGURE 48 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF KEY COMPANIES FOR LAST FIVE YEARS 161
13.4 COMPANY PRODUCT FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS 162
FIGURE 49 PHA MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT 162
TABLE 154 PHA MARKET: TYPE FOOTPRINT 163
TABLE 155 PHA MARKET: APPLICATION FOOTPRINT 164
TABLE 156 PHA MARKET: COMPANY REGION FOOTPRINT 165
13.5 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT (TIER 1) 166
13.5.1 STARS 166
13.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 166
FIGURE 50 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT FOR PHA MARKET (TIER 1) 166
13.6 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 167
TABLE 157 PHA MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES 167
TABLE 158 PHA MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES 167
13.7 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION QUADRANT 168
13.7.1 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 168
13.7.2 STARTING BLOCKS 168
FIGURE 51 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION QUADRANT FOR PHA MARKET 168
13.8 COMPETITIVE SITUATIONS AND TRENDS 169
13.8.1 NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES 169
TABLE 159 PHA MARKET: NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES (2019–2022) 169
13.8.2 DEALS 170
TABLE 160 PHA MARKET: DEALS (2019–2022) 170
13.8.3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 172
TABLE 161 PHA MARKET: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS (2019–2022) 172
14 COMPANY PROFILES 173
14.1 MAJOR PLAYERS 173
(Business Overview, Products/Solutions/Services Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View)*
14.1.1 KANEKA CORPORATION 173
TABLE 162 KANEKA CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 173
FIGURE 52 KANEKA CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 174
14.1.2 DANIMER SCIENTIFIC 177
TABLE 163 DANIMER SCIENTIFIC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 177
FIGURE 53 DANIMER SCIENTIFIC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 177
14.1.3 SHENZHEN ECOMANN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD 180
TABLE 164 SHENZHEN ECOMANN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 180
14.1.4 RWDC INDUSTRIES 182
TABLE 165 RWDC INDUSTRIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 182
14.1.5 NEWLIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC 185
TABLE 166 NEWLIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 185
14.1.6 TIANAN BIOLOGIC MATERIALS CO., LTD 188
TABLE 167 TIANAN BIOLOGIC MATERIALS CO., LTD: COMPANY OVERVIEW 188
14.1.7 BIOMER 190
TABLE 168 BIOMER: COMPANY OVERVIEW 190
14.1.8 PHABUILDER 191
TABLE 169 PHABUILDER: COMPANY OVERVIEW 191
14.1.9 TERRAVERDAE BIOWORKS INC. 193
TABLE 170 TERRAVERDAE BIOWORKS INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 193
14.1.10 BLUEPHA 195
TABLE 171 BLUEPHA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 195
* Business Overview, Products/Solutions/Services Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
14.2 STARTUP/SME PLAYERS 197
14.2.1 NAFIGATE CORPORATION 197
TABLE 172 NAFIGATE CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 197
14.2.2 GENECIS BIOINDUSTRIES INC 197
TABLE 173 GENECIS BIOINDUSTRIES INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 197
14.2.3 TEPHA, INC. 198
TABLE 174 TEPHA, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 198
14.2.4 CJ CHEILJEDANG I BIO 198
TABLE 175 CJ CHEILJEDANG I BIO: COMPANY OVERVIEW 198
14.2.5 FULL CYCLE BIOPLASTICS LLC 199
TABLE 176 FULL CYCLE BIOPLASTICS LLC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 199
14.2.6 MANGO MATERIALS 199
TABLE 177 MANGO MATERIALS.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 199
14.2.7 COFCO 200
TABLE 178 COFCO: COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
14.2.8 MEDPHA 200
TABLE 179 MEDPHA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
15 ADJACENT AND RELATED MARKETS 201
15.1 INTRODUCTION 201
15.2 LIMITATIONS 201
15.3 BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET 201
15.3.1 MARKET DEFINITION 201
15.3.2 MARKET OVERVIEW 202
15.4 BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET, BY REGION 202
TABLE 180 BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 202
TABLE 181 BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 202
15.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC 203
15.4.1.1 By country 203
TABLE 182 ASIA PACIFIC: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 203
TABLE 183 ASIA PACIFIC: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 203
15.4.1.2 By end-use industry 204
TABLE 184 ASIA PACIFIC: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 204
TABLE 185 ASIA PACIFIC: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 204
15.4.2 EUROPE 205
15.4.2.1 By country 205
TABLE 186 EUROPE: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 205
TABLE 187 EUROPE: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 205
15.4.2.2 By end-use industry 206
TABLE 188 EUROPE: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 206
TABLE 189 EUROPE: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 206
15.4.3 NORTH AMERICA 206
15.4.3.1 By country 206
TABLE 190 NORTH AMERICA: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 206
TABLE 191 NORTH AMERICA: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 207
15.4.3.2 By end-use industry 207
TABLE 192 NORTH AMERICA: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 207
TABLE 193 NORTH AMERICA: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 208
15.4.4 REST OF THE WORLD 208
15.4.4.1 By country 208
TABLE 194 REST OF THE WORLD: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 208
TABLE 195 REST OF THE WORLD: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 208
15.4.4.2 By end-use industry 209
TABLE 196 REST OF THE WORLD: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 209
TABLE 197 REST OF THE WORLD: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 209
16 APPENDIX 210
16.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 210
16.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 213
16.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 215
16.4 RELATED REPORTS 215
16.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 216

　

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Summary

PHA market is expected to reach at USD 167 million in 2027 at a CAGR of 15.3% during the forecast period. Growing awareness towards environment and harmful impacts of conventional plastics is driving the growth for PHA market. Developed regions such as Europe and North America are introducing strict regulations, which can provide lucrative opportunities for the market.
“By application, biomedical accounted for second-largest market share for PHA market, in terms of volume, in 2021”
Plastics are finding increasing use for the fabrication of biomedical materials and drug delivery applications. Both, synthetic and bio-based plastics are utilized for manufacturing biomedical equipment depending upon the suitability and properties required. The synthetic plastics used are PE, PS, PVC, and PP, whereas PLA and PHA are biodegradable. The mechanical properties of these materials are of primary importance in this segment as these need to match with their specific medical applications including tissue engineering and wound treatment.
“Sugar fermentation is expected to be the second-fastest growing application for PHA market during the forecast period, in terms of value”
sugar fermentation is The most common production method, based on the source of raw material. Since sugarcane, beet, molasses, and bagasse is available in abundance and is easily consumed and converted by bacteria to produce PHA, it is projected to grow at second-highest CAGR, in terms of value, during the forecast period.
“Based on region, Europe region was the largest market for PHA in 2021, in terms of volume.”
Europe is one of the pioneers of biodegradable plastics and has a significant focus on sustainable packaging. Increased awareness in Europe about environmental issues has resulted in the formulation of laws and regulations which have influenced the creation of biological waste treatment facilities.
In the process of determining and verifying the market size for several segments and subsegments identified through secondary research, extensive primary interviews were conducted. A breakdown of the profiles of the primary interviewees are as follows:
• By Company Type: Tier 1 - 69%, Tier 2 - 23%, and Tier 3 - 8%
• By Designation: C-Level - 23%, Director Level - 37%, and Others - 40%
• By Region: North America - 30%, Europe - 18%, APAC - 41%, Rest of the World-11%

The key players in this market are include Danimer Scientific (US), Shenzhen Ecomann Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China), Kaneka Corporation (Japan), RWDC Industries (Singapore), Newlight Technologies LLC (US), TianAn Biologic Materials Co., Ltd. (China), and Biomer (Germany).
Research Coverage
This report segments the market for PHA market on the basis of type, production method, application, and region, and provides estimations for the overall value of the market across various regions. A detailed analysis of key industry players has been conducted to provide insights into their business overviews, products & services, key strategies, new product launches, expansions, and mergers & acquisition associated with the market for PHA market.
Key benefits of buying this report
This research report is focused on various levels of analysis — industry analysis (industry trends), market ranking analysis of top players, and company profiles, which together provide an overall view on the competitive landscape; emerging and high-growth segments of the PHA market; high-growth regions; and market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges.
The report provides insights on the following pointers:
• Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on PHA market offered by top players in the global PHA market
• Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product launches in the PHA market
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative emerging markets — the report analyzes the markets for PHA market across regions
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped regions, and recent developments in the global PHA market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of leading players in the PHA market
• Impact of COVID-19 on PHA market



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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 28
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 28
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 28
1.2.1 PHA MARKET: INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS 28
1.2.2 PHA: MARKET DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY TYPE 28
1.2.3 PHA: MARKET DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY PRODUCTION METHOD 29
1.2.4 PHA: MARKET DEFINITION AND INCLUSIONS, BY APPLICATION 29
1.3 MARKET SCOPE 29
1.3.1 REGIONS COVERED 30
1.3.2 YEARS CONSIDERED 30
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 30
1.5 UNIT CONSIDERED 31
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 31
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 31
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 32
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 32
FIGURE 1 PHA MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 32
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 33
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 33
2.1.2.1 Primary interviews: Demand- and Supply-sides 33
2.1.2.2 Key industry insights 34
2.1.2.3 Breakdown of primary interviews 34
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 35
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 35
FIGURE 2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION - APPROACH 1 (SUPPLY-SIDE): COMBINED SHARE OF MAJOR PLAYERS 35
FIGURE 3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION - BOTTOM-UP (SUPPLY-SIDE): REVENUE FROM PHA SALE 36
FIGURE 4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 2 – BOTTOM-UP (DEMAND-SIDE): PRODUCTS SOLD AND AVERAGE SELLING PRICE 36
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 37
FIGURE 5 PHA MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION 37
2.4 GROWTH RATE ASSUMPTIONS/FORECAST 38
2.4.1 SUPPLY-SIDE 38
FIGURE 6 CAGR PROJECTIONS FROM SUPPLY-SIDE 38
2.4.2 DEMAND-SIDE 39
FIGURE 7 PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE: DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES 39
2.5 FACTOR ANALYSIS 40
2.6 ASSUMPTIONS 40
2.7 LIMITATIONS 41
2.8 RISK ASSESSMENT 41
TABLE 1 PHA MARKET: RISK ASSESSMENT 41
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 42
FIGURE 8 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH SEGMENT TO DOMINATE IN 2022 43
FIGURE 9 PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES LARGEST APPLICATION 43
FIGURE 10 EUROPE ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARE IN 2021 44
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 45
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN PHA MARKET 45
FIGURE 11 PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES AND BIOMEDICAL OFFER SIGNIFICANT OPPORTUNITIES 45
4.2 EUROPE PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION AND COUNTRY 45
FIGURE 12 GERMANY LED EUROPE PHA MARKET IN “2O21” 45
4.3 PHA MARKET, BY PRODUCTION METHOD 46
FIGURE 13 SUGAR FERMENTATION SEGMENT TO DOMINATE BETWEEN 2022 AND 2027 46
4.4 PHA MARKET, BY REGION 46
FIGURE 14 EUROPE PROJECTED TO BE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET 46
4.5 PHA MARKET, REGION VS. APPLICATION 47
FIGURE 15 PACKAGING AND FOOD SERVICES TO LEAD GROWTH 47
4.6 PHA MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS 47
FIGURE 16 ITALY FASTEST-GROWING MARKET BETWEEN 2022 AND 2027 47
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 48
5.1 INTRODUCTION 48
5.1.1 EVOLUTION OF PHA 48
FIGURE 17 PHA DISCOVERY IN 1925 IN FRANCE 48
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 49
FIGURE 18 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN PHA MARKET 49
5.2.1 DRIVERS 49
5.2.1.1 Green procurement policies 49
TABLE 2 NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPEAN UNION REGULATIONS 50
5.2.1.2 High availability of renewable and cost-effective raw materials 51
5.2.1.3 Biodegradability driving consumption 51
FIGURE 19 SHORTCOMINGS OF NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS 52
5.2.1.4 Increasing concerns about human health and safety 52
TABLE 3 CONVENTIONAL PLASTICS: HEALTH CONCERNS 52
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 54
5.2.2.1 High price compared with conventional polymers 54
5.2.2.2 Performance issues 55
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 55
5.2.3.1 Increasing scope in end-use segments 55
5.2.3.2 Emergence of new raw materials 56
5.2.3.3 Cost reductions through economies of scale 56
5.2.3.4 Cyanobacteria enabling cost reduction 56
5.2.3.5 Growth opportunities in Asia Pacific 57
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 57
5.2.4.1 Manufacturing technology in initial phase 57
5.2.4.2 Underutilization of manufacturing plants 57
TABLE 4 PHA PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY COMPANY, 2021 (TONS/YEAR) 58
5.2.4.3 Expensive and complex production process 58
5.3 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 59
FIGURE 20 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS: PHA MARKET 59
5.3.1 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 59
5.3.2 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 60
5.3.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 60
5.3.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 60
5.3.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 61
TABLE 5 PHA MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 61
5.4 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 61
5.4.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 61
FIGURE 21 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS 61
TABLE 6 STAKEHOLDER INFLUENCE IN BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS (%) 62
5.4.2 BUYING CRITERIA 62
FIGURE 22 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS 62
TABLE 7 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS 63
5.5 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS 63
5.5.1 GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST FOR MAJOR ECONOMIES 64
TABLE 8 FORECAST GDP TRENDS FOR MAJOR ECONOMIES, 2019–2027 (USD BILLION) 64
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS 65
6.1 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 65
FIGURE 23 PHA MARKET: SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 65
6.1.1 RAW MATERIAL 65
6.1.2 FERMENTATION 65
6.1.3 EXTRACTION 65
6.1.4 END-USE INDUSTRIES 66
6.2 PHA MARKET: REALISTIC, PESSIMISTIC, OPTIMISTIC, AND NON-COVID-19 SCENARIOS 66
FIGURE 24 REALISTIC, PESSIMISTIC, OPTIMISTIC, AND NON-COVID-19 SCENARIOS 66
TABLE 9 PHA MARKET FORECAST SCENARIO, 2019–2027 (USD MILLION) 66
6.2.1 NON-COVID-19 SCENARIO 66
6.2.2 OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO 67
6.2.3 PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO 67
6.2.4 REALISTIC SCENARIO 67
6.3 PRICING ANALYSIS 67
6.3.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF APPLICATIONS OF KEY PLAYERS 67
FIGURE 25 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF TOP THREE APPLICATIONS OF KEY PLAYERS 67
TABLE 10 AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF TOP THREE APPLICATIONS OF KEY, USD/KG 68
6.3.2 PHA AVERAGE SELLING PRICE, BY REGION 68
FIGURE 26 PHA AVERAGE SELLING PRICE, BY REGION, USD/KG 68
TABLE 11 PHA AVERAGE SELLING PRICE, BY REGION (USD/KG) 69
6.4 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESSES 69
6.4.1 REVENUE SHIFTS AND POCKETS FOR PHA MARKET 69
FIGURE 27 REVENUE SHIFTS FOR PHA MARKET 69
6.5 CONNECTED MARKETS: ECOSYSTEM 70
TABLE 12 PHA MARKET: ECOSYSTEM 70
FIGURE 28 PHA MARKET: ECOSYSTEM 71
6.6 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 71
FIGURE 29 DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES UTILIZED FOR PHA PRODUCTION 72
6.6.1 COMMERCIALIZED TECHNOLOGIES 72
TABLE 13 COMMERCIALIZED AND TO BE COMMERCIALIZED TECHNOLOGIES, TYPE AND PRODUCTION METHOD 72
6.6.2 PHA PRODUCTION IN BIOREFINERIES 73
6.6.3 YET TO BE COMMERCIALIZED 74
6.6.4 OTHER POSSIBILITIES 75
6.7 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 75
6.7.1 CASE STUDY: PHA USED TO PRODUCE BIODEGRADABLE STRAWS 75
6.7.2 CASE STUDY: UTILIZATION OF PHA FOR SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING 76
6.7.3 CASE STUDY: USE OF PHA FOR MANUFACTURE OF BIODEGRADABLE SPIRIT BOTTLES 76
6.8 TRADE DATA STATISTICS 76
6.8.1 IMPORT SCENARIO OF PHA 76
FIGURE 30 IMPORT OF PHA, BY KEY COUNTRIES (2015–2021) 76
TABLE 14 IMPORT OF PHA, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND) 77
6.8.2 EXPORT SCENARIO OF PHA 77
FIGURE 31 EXPORT OF PHA, BY KEY COUNTRIES (2015–2020) 77
TABLE 15 EXPORT OF PHA, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND) 77
6.9 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 78
TABLE 16 REGULATIONS FOR PHA 78
6.9.1 REACH 79
6.9.2 EPA 79
6.10 KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS IN 2022–2023 80
TABLE 17 PHA MARKETS: LIST OF CONFERENCES & EVENTS 80
6.11 PATENT ANALYSIS 80
6.11.1 APPROACH 81
6.11.2 DOCUMENT TYPE 81
FIGURE 32 PATENT PUBLICATION TRENDS FOR PHA MARKET, 2011–2021 81
FIGURE 33 LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS 82
6.11.3 JURISDICTION ANALYSIS 82
FIGURE 34 MAXIMUM PATENTS FILED BY COMPANIES IN CHINA 82
6.11.4 TOP APPLICANTS 83
FIGURE 35 KANEKA CORPORATION REGISTERED HIGHEST PATENTS BETWEEN 2011 AND 2021 83
TABLE 18 RECENT PATENTS BY KANEKA CORPORATION 83
TABLE 19 RECENT PATENTS BY YIELD10 BIOSCIENCE 84
TABLE 20 RECENT PATENTS BY VEOLIA WATER TECHNOLOGIES 85
TABLE 21 TOP 10 PATENT OWNERS IN US, 2011–2021 86
7 SOURCES AND PROCESSES OF PHA PRODUCTION 87
7.1 GENERAL PRODUCTION PROCESS 87
FIGURE 36 PROCESS FLOW OF PHA PRODUCTION 87
7.2 SUGAR SUBSTRATE OR CARBOHYDRATES FROM PLANTS 87
FIGURE 37 SUGAR SUBSTRATES FOR PHA PRODUCTION 88
7.3 TRIACYLGLYCEROLS 88
7.4 HYDROCARBONS 89
FIGURE 38 HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATES 89
7.5 STRAIN SELECTION 89
TABLE 22 LIST OF BACTERIUM STRAINS AND OUTPUT 90
7.6 BIOPROCESS AND DOWNSTREAM PROCESS 91
7.6.1 FERMENTATION PROCESS 91
7.6.1.1 Discontinuous process 91
7.6.1.1.1 Batch process 91
7.6.1.1.2 Fed-batch process 91
7.6.1.1.3 Fed-batch process with cell recycling 91
7.6.1.1.4 Repeated fed-batch 91
7.6.1.2 Continuous process 91
7.6.1.2.1 Continuous fed-batch process 91
7.6.1.2.2 One-stage chemostat 91
7.6.1.2.3 Two-stage chemostat 92
7.6.1.2.4 Multi-stage chemostat 92
7.6.2 EXTRACTION PROCESS 92
FIGURE 39 EXTRACTION PROCESS FLOW 92
8 PRODUCTION CAPACITY ANALYSIS 93
TABLE 23 CURRENT PRODUCTION CAPACITIES (TON) 93
TABLE 24 UPCOMING PLAYERS 94
TABLE 25 DISCONTINUED OR STALLED PRODUCTION 95
9 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) MARKET, BY TYPE 96
9.1 INTRODUCTION 97
FIGURE 40 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGER SHARE IN 2022 97
TABLE 26 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 97
TABLE 27 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 98
TABLE 28 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 29 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 98
9.2 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH 99
9.2.1 POLYHYDROXYVALERATE (PHV) 99
9.2.1.1 PHV polymers can form single crystals with lamellar 99
9.2.2 P (4HB-CO-3HB) 99
9.2.2.1 4HB and 3HB ratio decide copolymer properties 99
9.2.3 P (3HB-CO-3HV) 99
9.2.3.1 High HV fraction makes polymers more elastic 99
9.2.4 OTHERS 99
9.2.4.1 Utilization as copolymers 99
TABLE 30 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 100
TABLE 31 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 100
TABLE 32 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 33 SHORT CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 101
9.3 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH 101
9.3.1 P (HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-HYDROXYOCTANOATE) 101
9.3.1.1 Nodax most common PHA 101
9.3.2 P (3HB-CO-3HV-CO-4HB) 101
9.3.2.1 Suitable for medical applications due to high mechanical strength 101
9.3.3 OTHERS 102
9.3.3.1 Potential use in medical and biotechnology fields 102
TABLE 34 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 102
TABLE 35 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 102
TABLE 36 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 37 MEDIUM CHAIN LENGTH PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 103
10 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) MARKET, BY PRODUCTION METHOD 104
10.1 INTRODUCTION 105
FIGURE 41 SUGAR FERMENTATION PRODUCTION METHOD TO LEAD MARKET 105
TABLE 38 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2017–2020 (TON) 105
TABLE 39 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2021–2027 (TON) 106
TABLE 40 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 106
TABLE 41 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 106
11 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) MARKET, BY APPLICATION 108
11.1 INTRODUCTION 109
FIGURE 42 PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE OF MARKET 109
TABLE 42 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 109
TABLE 43 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 110
TABLE 44 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 110
TABLE 45 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 110
11.2 PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES 111
11.2.1 PACKAGING 111
11.2.1.1 Rigid packaging 112
11.2.1.1.1 High impact on rigid packaging segment 112
11.2.1.2 Flexible packaging 112
11.2.1.2.1 Replacement for petroleum-based plastics in flexible packaging 112
11.2.1.3 Others 112
11.2.1.3.1 Loose-fill 112
11.2.1.3.2 Compost bags 112
11.2.2 FOOD SERVICES 112
11.2.2.1 High number of applications 112
11.2.2.2 Cups 113
11.2.2.2.1 Biodegradable disposable PHA cups reduce plastic waste 113
11.2.2.3 Trays 113
11.2.2.3.1 Sustainable trays from PHA-based plastics 113
11.2.2.4 Other food services 113
11.2.2.4.1 Containers 113
11.2.2.4.2 Jars 113
TABLE 46 PHA MARKET SIZE IN PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 114
TABLE 47 PHA MARKET SIZE IN PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 114
TABLE 48 PHA MARKET SIZE IN PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 49 PHA MARKET SIZE IN PACKAGING & FOOD SERVICES APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 115
11.3 BIOMEDICAL 115
11.3.1 SUTURES 116
11.3.1.1 High tensile strength enables manufacture of biodegradable sutures 116
11.3.2 DRUG RELEASE 116
11.3.2.1 Biocompatibility suitable for drug carrier applications 116
11.3.3 OTHER BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 116
TABLE 50 PHA MARKET SIZE IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 116
TABLE 51 PHA MARKET SIZE IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 116
TABLE 52 PHA MARKET SIZE IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 53 PHA MARKET SIZE IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 117
11.4 AGRICULTURE 118
11.4.1 MULCH FILMS 118
11.4.1.1 Mulch films enable farmers to directly plow fields 118
11.4.2 PLANT POTS 118
11.4.2.1 Plant pots help initial stages of plant growth 118
11.4.3 OTHER AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS 118
11.4.3.1 Bins 118
11.4.3.2 Chutes 118
11.4.3.3 Hoppers 118
TABLE 54 PHA MARKET SIZE IN AGRICULTURE APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 119
TABLE 55 PHA MARKET SIZE IN AGRICULTURE APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 119
TABLE 56 PHA MARKET SIZE IN AGRICULTURE APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 57 PHA MARKET SIZE IN AGRICULTURE APPLICATION, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 120
11.5 OTHERS 120
11.5.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT 120
11.5.2 COSMETICS 120
11.5.3 CHEMICAL ADDITIVES 120
11.5.4 3D PRINTING 120
TABLE 58 PHA MARKET SIZE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 121
TABLE 59 PHA MARKET SIZE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 121
TABLE 60 PHA MARKET SIZE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 61 PHA MARKET SIZE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 122
12 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) MARKET, BY REGION 123
12.1 INTRODUCTION 124
TABLE 62 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 124
TABLE 63 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 124
TABLE 64 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 65 PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 125
12.2 NORTH AMERICA 125
FIGURE 43 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SNAPSHOT 126
TABLE 66 MAJOR PHA MANUFACTURERS IN NORTH AMERICA 126
TABLE 67 UPCOMING PHA MANUFACTURERS IN NORTH AMERICA 127
12.2.1 NORTH AMERICA PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION 127
TABLE 68 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 127
TABLE 69 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 127
TABLE 70 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 71 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
12.2.2 NORTH AMERICA PHA MARKET, BY TYPE 128
TABLE 72 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 128
TABLE 73 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 128
TABLE 74 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 75 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 129
12.2.3 NORTH AMERICA PHA MARKET, BY COUNTRY 129
TABLE 76 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (TON) 129
TABLE 77 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (TON) 129
TABLE 78 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 79 NORTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 130
12.2.3.1 US 130
12.2.3.1.1 Stringent production, use, and disposal regulations 130
TABLE 80 US: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 130
TABLE 81 US: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 131
12.2.3.2 Canada 131
12.2.3.2.1 Proposed ban on single-use plastics to influence market growth 131
TABLE 82 CANADA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 131
TABLE 83 CANADA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 131
12.2.3.3 Mexico 132
12.2.3.3.1 Government initiatives and international investments creating opportunities 132
TABLE 84 MEXICO: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 132
TABLE 85 MEXICO: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 132
12.3 EUROPE 132
FIGURE 44 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SNAPSHOT 133
TABLE 86 MAJOR PHA MANUFACTURERS IN EUROPE 134
TABLE 87 UPCOMING PHA MANUFACTURERS IN EUROPE 134
12.3.1 EUROPE PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION 134
TABLE 88 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 134
TABLE 89 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 134
TABLE 90 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 91 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
12.3.2 EUROPE PHA MARKET, BY TYPE 135
TABLE 92 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 135
TABLE 93 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 135
TABLE 94 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 95 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
12.3.3 EUROPE PHA MARKET, BY COUNTRY 136
TABLE 96 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (TON) 136
TABLE 97 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (TON) 137
TABLE 98 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 99 EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 137
12.3.3.1 Germany 138
12.3.3.1.1 Advanced infrastructure for solid waste management to propel market 138
TABLE 100 GERMANY: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 138
TABLE 101 GERMANY: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 138
12.3.3.2 UK 138
12.3.3.2.1 Government’s aim to achieve zero-waste economy to influence growth 138
TABLE 102 UK: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 139
TABLE 103 UK: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 139
12.3.3.3 France 139
12.3.3.3.1 Government’s initiatives for bio-based economy to drive market 139
TABLE 104 FRANCE: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 139
TABLE 105 FRANCE: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 139
12.3.3.4 Italy 140
12.3.3.4.1 Demand for eco-friendly packaging solutions to drive market 140
TABLE 106 ITALY: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 140
TABLE 107 ITALY: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 140
12.3.3.5 Rest of Europe 140
TABLE 108 REST OF EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 141
TABLE 109 REST OF EUROPE: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 141
12.4 ASIA PACIFIC 141
FIGURE 45 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SNAPSHOT 142
TABLE 110 MAJOR PHA MANUFACTURERS IN ASIA PACIFIC 142
TABLE 111 UPCOMING PHA MANUFACTURERS IN ASIA PACIFIC 143
12.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION 143
TABLE 112 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 143
TABLE 113 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 143
TABLE 114 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 115 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 144
12.4.2 ASIA PACIFIC PHA MARKET, BY TYPE 144
TABLE 116 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 144
TABLE 117 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 144
TABLE 118 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 119 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 145
12.4.3 ASIA PACIFIC PHA MARKET, BY COUNTRY 145
TABLE 120 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (TON) 145
TABLE 121 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (TON) 145
TABLE 122 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 123 ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 146
12.4.3.1 China 147
12.4.3.1.1 Global and local PHA manufacturers to drive market 147
TABLE 124 CHINA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 147
TABLE 125 CHINA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 147
12.4.3.2 Japan 147
12.4.3.2.1 Biomass-based plastics and biodegradable plastics to fuel market 147
TABLE 126 JAPAN: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 148
TABLE 127 JAPAN: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 148
12.4.3.3 India 148
12.4.3.3.1 Ban on non-biodegradable plastics to boost market 148
TABLE 128 INDIA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 148
TABLE 129 INDIA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 149
12.4.3.4 Malaysia 149
12.4.3.4.1 Fully automated plant producing biodegradable plastic from palm oil, propelling market 149
TABLE 130 MALAYSIA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 149
TABLE 131 MALAYSIA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 149
12.4.3.5 South Korea 150
12.4.3.5.1 Existing R&D establishments to encourage PHA manufacturers 150
TABLE 132 SOUTH KOREA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 150
TABLE 133 SOUTH KOREA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 150
12.4.3.6 Rest of Asia Pacific 150
TABLE 134 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 151
TABLE 135 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 151
12.5 REST OF THE WORLD (ROW) 151
12.5.1 REST OF THE WORLD PHA MARKET, BY APPLICATION 151
TABLE 136 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (TON) 151
TABLE 137 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (TON) 152
TABLE 138 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 139 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 152
12.5.2 REST OF THE WORLD PHA MARKET, BY TYPE 153
TABLE 140 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (TON) 153
TABLE 141 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (TON) 153
TABLE 142 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 143 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 153
12.5.3 REST OF THE WORLD PHA MARKET, BY REGION 153
TABLE 144 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (TON) 153
TABLE 145 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (TON) 154
TABLE 146 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION) 154
TABLE 147 REST OF THE WORLD: PHA MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION) 154
12.5.3.1 South America 155
12.5.3.1.1 Awareness toward green economy to propel market 155
TABLE 148 SOUTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 155
TABLE 149 SOUTH AMERICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 155
12.5.3.2 Middle East & Africa 155
12.5.3.2.1 Growing biomedical industry to drive market 155
TABLE 150 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2017–2020 156
TABLE 151 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PHA MARKET SIZE, 2021–2027 156
13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 157
13.1 INTRODUCTION 157
13.2 STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS 157
TABLE 152 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PHA MANUFACTURERS 157
13.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 158
13.3.1 RANKING OF KEY MARKET PLAYERS, 2021 158
FIGURE 46 RANKING OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS IN PHA MARKET, 2021 158
13.3.2 MARKET SHARE OF KEY PLAYERS 159
TABLE 153 PHA MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION 159
FIGURE 47 DANIMER SCIENTIFIC LED PHA MARKET IN 2021 159
13.3.2.1 Danimer Scientific 160
13.3.2.2 Shenzhen Ecomann Biotechnology Co., Ltd 160
13.3.2.3 Kaneka Corporation 160
13.3.2.4 RWDC Industries 160
13.3.2.5 TianAn Biologic Materials Co. Ltd. 160
13.3.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS 161
FIGURE 48 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF KEY COMPANIES FOR LAST FIVE YEARS 161
13.4 COMPANY PRODUCT FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS 162
FIGURE 49 PHA MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT 162
TABLE 154 PHA MARKET: TYPE FOOTPRINT 163
TABLE 155 PHA MARKET: APPLICATION FOOTPRINT 164
TABLE 156 PHA MARKET: COMPANY REGION FOOTPRINT 165
13.5 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT (TIER 1) 166
13.5.1 STARS 166
13.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 166
FIGURE 50 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT FOR PHA MARKET (TIER 1) 166
13.6 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 167
TABLE 157 PHA MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES 167
TABLE 158 PHA MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES 167
13.7 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION QUADRANT 168
13.7.1 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 168
13.7.2 STARTING BLOCKS 168
FIGURE 51 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION QUADRANT FOR PHA MARKET 168
13.8 COMPETITIVE SITUATIONS AND TRENDS 169
13.8.1 NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES 169
TABLE 159 PHA MARKET: NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES (2019–2022) 169
13.8.2 DEALS 170
TABLE 160 PHA MARKET: DEALS (2019–2022) 170
13.8.3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 172
TABLE 161 PHA MARKET: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS (2019–2022) 172
14 COMPANY PROFILES 173
14.1 MAJOR PLAYERS 173
(Business Overview, Products/Solutions/Services Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View)*
14.1.1 KANEKA CORPORATION 173
TABLE 162 KANEKA CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 173
FIGURE 52 KANEKA CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 174
14.1.2 DANIMER SCIENTIFIC 177
TABLE 163 DANIMER SCIENTIFIC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 177
FIGURE 53 DANIMER SCIENTIFIC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 177
14.1.3 SHENZHEN ECOMANN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD 180
TABLE 164 SHENZHEN ECOMANN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 180
14.1.4 RWDC INDUSTRIES 182
TABLE 165 RWDC INDUSTRIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 182
14.1.5 NEWLIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC 185
TABLE 166 NEWLIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 185
14.1.6 TIANAN BIOLOGIC MATERIALS CO., LTD 188
TABLE 167 TIANAN BIOLOGIC MATERIALS CO., LTD: COMPANY OVERVIEW 188
14.1.7 BIOMER 190
TABLE 168 BIOMER: COMPANY OVERVIEW 190
14.1.8 PHABUILDER 191
TABLE 169 PHABUILDER: COMPANY OVERVIEW 191
14.1.9 TERRAVERDAE BIOWORKS INC. 193
TABLE 170 TERRAVERDAE BIOWORKS INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 193
14.1.10 BLUEPHA 195
TABLE 171 BLUEPHA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 195
* Business Overview, Products/Solutions/Services Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
14.2 STARTUP/SME PLAYERS 197
14.2.1 NAFIGATE CORPORATION 197
TABLE 172 NAFIGATE CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 197
14.2.2 GENECIS BIOINDUSTRIES INC 197
TABLE 173 GENECIS BIOINDUSTRIES INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 197
14.2.3 TEPHA, INC. 198
TABLE 174 TEPHA, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 198
14.2.4 CJ CHEILJEDANG I BIO 198
TABLE 175 CJ CHEILJEDANG I BIO: COMPANY OVERVIEW 198
14.2.5 FULL CYCLE BIOPLASTICS LLC 199
TABLE 176 FULL CYCLE BIOPLASTICS LLC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 199
14.2.6 MANGO MATERIALS 199
TABLE 177 MANGO MATERIALS.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 199
14.2.7 COFCO 200
TABLE 178 COFCO: COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
14.2.8 MEDPHA 200
TABLE 179 MEDPHA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
15 ADJACENT AND RELATED MARKETS 201
15.1 INTRODUCTION 201
15.2 LIMITATIONS 201
15.3 BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET 201
15.3.1 MARKET DEFINITION 201
15.3.2 MARKET OVERVIEW 202
15.4 BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET, BY REGION 202
TABLE 180 BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 202
TABLE 181 BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 202
15.4.1 ASIA PACIFIC 203
15.4.1.1 By country 203
TABLE 182 ASIA PACIFIC: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 203
TABLE 183 ASIA PACIFIC: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 203
15.4.1.2 By end-use industry 204
TABLE 184 ASIA PACIFIC: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 204
TABLE 185 ASIA PACIFIC: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 204
15.4.2 EUROPE 205
15.4.2.1 By country 205
TABLE 186 EUROPE: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 205
TABLE 187 EUROPE: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 205
15.4.2.2 By end-use industry 206
TABLE 188 EUROPE: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 206
TABLE 189 EUROPE: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 206
15.4.3 NORTH AMERICA 206
15.4.3.1 By country 206
TABLE 190 NORTH AMERICA: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 206
TABLE 191 NORTH AMERICA: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 207
15.4.3.2 By end-use industry 207
TABLE 192 NORTH AMERICA: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 207
TABLE 193 NORTH AMERICA: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 208
15.4.4 REST OF THE WORLD 208
15.4.4.1 By country 208
TABLE 194 REST OF THE WORLD: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 208
TABLE 195 REST OF THE WORLD: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 208
15.4.4.2 By end-use industry 209
TABLE 196 REST OF THE WORLD: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (KILOTON) 209
TABLE 197 REST OF THE WORLD: BIOPLASTICS & BIOPOLYMERS MARKET SIZE, BY END-USE INDUSTRY, 2018–2025 (USD MILLION) 209
16 APPENDIX 210
16.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 210
16.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 213
16.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 215
16.4 RELATED REPORTS 215
16.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 216

　

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