Summary

As electronic devices become more compact, flexible, and wearable, the demand for similarly flexible and efficient power sources is increasing. Flexible batteries have been identified by the World Economic Forum as one of the key emerging technologies for the next decade. The flexible batteries market is being supported by the expansion of wearable electronics, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and other applications that require thin, bendable, and potentially stretchable power sources. This market report examines the global flexible batteries landscape from 2025 to 2035, providing insights for investors, manufacturers, and technology developers interested in this evolving energy storage solution. Report contents include: 

• Market Size and Growth Projections: Forecasts of the flexible batteries market size and growth rate from 2025 to 2035, categorized by technology, application, and region.
• Technology Analysis: Overview of various flexible battery technologies, including thin-film lithium-ion, printed batteries, solid-state batteries, and stretchable batteries.
• Application Areas: Assessment of key application areas such as consumer electronics, healthcare devices, smart packaging, wearables, IoT, and automotive sectors.
• Regional Analysis: Examination of market trends and opportunities in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and other key regions.
• Competitive Landscape: Profiles of established companies and new entrants in the flexible batteries space, including their technologies, strategies, and market positioning. Companies profiled include 3DOM Inc., AC Biode, AMO Greentech, Ampcera Inc., Anthro Energy, Ateios Systems, Australian Advanced Materials, Blackstone Resources, Blue Current Inc., Blue Spark Technologies Inc., CCL Design, Enfucell OY, Ensurge Micropower ASA, Evonik, Exeger, Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Fuelium, Hitachi Zosen, Hyprint GmbH, Ilika, Intecells Inc., Jenax Inc., LiBest Inc., LionVolt BV, Maxell, Navaflex, NEC Corporation, Ohara, Photocentric, PolyPlus Battery Company, prelonic technologies, Prologium Technology Co. Ltd., Sakuú Corporation, Samsung SDI, Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co. Ltd., Shenzhen Grepow Battery Co. Ltd. (Grepow), STMicroelectronics, TotalEnergies, UNIGRID Battery, Varta, and Zinergy UK.
• Recent developments in flexible battery technology.
• Market Drivers and Opportunities. 
• Challenges and Market Dynamics
• Technical issues in manufacturing and scaling production.
• Cost considerations and competition from traditional battery technologies.
• Regulatory and safety concerns.
• Technology Benchmarking and Performance Metrics.
• Manufacturing Innovations and Material Science Advancements.
• Investment Landscape and Market Opportunities.
  • Analysis of venture capital funding trends.
  • Overview of government initiatives and grants supporting flexible battery development.
  • Identification of potential investment areas and emerging market segments.

This report offers information for various stakeholders in the flexible batteries ecosystem:

• Manufacturers: Production strategies, technology selection, and scaling considerations
• Electronics Companies: Integration challenges and opportunities in product design
• Investors: Potentially high-growth technologies and market segments for investment
• Researchers: Areas for further study and development
• Policy Makers: Regulatory considerations and support mechanisms for industry growth

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Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 15

• 1.1 Definition and Overview of Flexible Batteries 15
• 1.2 Battery market megatrends 18
• 1.3 Advanced materials for batteries 22
• 1.4 Macro-trends 23
• 1.5 Importance of Flexible Batteries in Modern Applications 24
• 1.6 Technology benchmarking 25
• 1.7 Battery Development 26
  • 1.7.1 Enhanced Energy Density and Performance 28
  • 1.7.2 Stretchable Batteries 29
  • 1.7.3 Textile-Based Batteries 29
  • 1.7.4 Printable Batteries 31
  • 1.7.5 Sustainable and Biodegradable Batteries 31
  • 1.7.6 Self-Healing Batteries 32
  • 1.7.7 Solid-State Flexible Batteries 33
  • 1.7.8 Integration with Energy Harvesting 34
  • 1.7.9 Nanostructured Materials 35
  • 1.7.10 Thin-Film Battery Technologies 35
• 1.8 The Global Battery Market 36
• 1.9 Market drivers 38
• 1.10 Batteries roadmap 39
• 1.11 Application market roadmap 42
• 1.12 Applications 43
• 1.13 Market forecast assumptions and challenges 46
  • 1.13.1 By technology (Millions USD) 47
  • 1.13.2 By technology (Units) 49
  • 1.13.3 By application (Millions USD) 50
  • 1.13.4 By application (Units) 51
• 1.14 Market and technical challenges 53

2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 54

• 2.1 Approaches to flexibility 55
• 2.2 Flexible Battery Technologies 59
  • 2.2.1 Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries 59
    • 2.2.1.1 Thin film vs bulk solid-state batteries 62
    • 2.2.1.2 Types of Flexible/stretchable LIBs 64
      • 2.2.1.2.1 Flexible planar LiBs 64
      • 2.2.1.2.2 Flexible Fiber LiBs 65
      • 2.2.1.2.3 Flexible micro-LiBs 65
      • 2.2.1.2.4 Stretchable lithium-ion batteries 68
      • 2.2.1.2.5 Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries 70
    • 2.2.1.3 Flexible Li/S batteries 71
    • 2.2.1.4 Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li–MnO2) batteries 73
  • 2.2.2 Printed Batteries 74
    • 2.2.2.1 Technical specifications 75
    • 2.2.2.2 Components 75
    • 2.2.2.3 Design 77
    • 2.2.2.4 Key features 78
      • 2.2.2.4.1 Printable current collectors 79
      • 2.2.2.4.2 Printable electrodes 80
      • 2.2.2.4.3 Materials 81
      • 2.2.2.4.4 Applications 82
      • 2.2.2.4.5 Printing techniques 84
      • 2.2.2.4.6 Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries 87
      • 2.2.2.4.7 Zinc-based printed batteries 89
      • 2.2.2.4.8 3D Printed batteries 92
        • 2.2.2.4.8.1 Materials for 3D printed batteries 96
  • 2.2.3 Thin-Film Solid-state Batteries 98
    • 2.2.3.1 Solid-state electrolytes 99
    • 2.2.3.2 Features and advantages 100
    • 2.2.3.3 Technical specifications 102
    • 2.2.3.4 Microbatteries 107
      • 2.2.3.4.1 Introduction 107
      • 2.2.3.4.2 3D designs 109
  • 2.2.4 Stretchable Batteries 110
  • 2.2.5 Other Emerging Technologies 112
    • 2.2.5.1 Metal-sulfur batteries 112
    • 2.2.5.2 Flexible zinc-based batteries 115
    • 2.2.5.3 Flexible silver–zinc (Ag–Zn) batteries 116
    • 2.2.5.4 Flexible Zn–Air batteries 116
    • 2.2.5.5 Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries 117
    • 2.2.5.6 Fiber-shaped batteries 118
• 2.3 Key Components of Flexible Batteries 130
  • 2.3.1 Electrodes 130
  • 2.3.2 Electrolytes 133
  • 2.3.3 Separators 137
  • 2.3.4 Current Collectors 139
  • 2.3.5 Packaging 141
  • 2.3.6 Encapsulation Materials 144
  • 2.3.7 Other Manufacturing Techniques 146
• 2.4 Performance Metrics and Characteristics 149
  • 2.4.1 Energy Density 149
  • 2.4.2 Power Density 150
  • 2.4.3 Cycle Life 152
  • 2.4.4 Flexibility and Bendability 153

3 MARKET DYNAMICS 155

• 3.1 Market Drivers 155
  • 3.1.1 Growing Demand for Wearable Electronics 156
  • 3.1.2 Increasing Adoption of IoT Devices 157
  • 3.1.3 Advancements in Flexible Electronics 159
  • 3.1.4 Rising Interest in Printed Electronics 160
  • 3.1.5 Demand for Lightweight and Portable Power Sources 161
• 3.2 Market Restraints 163
  • 3.2.1 Technical Challenges in Manufacturing 163
  • 3.2.2 Limited Energy Density Compared to Conventional Batteries 164
  • 3.2.3 High Initial Production Costs 165
  • 3.2.4 Safety Concerns and Regulatory Hurdles 166
• 3.3 Market Opportunities 167
  • 3.3.1 Emerging Applications in Healthcare and Medical Devices 167
  • 3.3.2 Integration with Energy Harvesting Technologies 169
  • 3.3.3 Potential in Aerospace and Defense Sectors 172
  • 3.3.4 Smart Packaging and RFID Applications 174
• 3.4 Market Challenges 177
  • 3.4.1 Scaling Up Production 177
  • 3.4.2 Achieving Consistent Performance Under Various Conditions 178
  • 3.4.3 Competition from Alternative Energy Storage Technologies 180
  • 3.4.4 Addressing Environmental and Recycling Concerns 181

4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND FORECAST (2025-2035) 182

• 4.1 Overall Market Size and Growth Rate 182
• 4.2 Market Segmentation by Technology 184
  • 4.2.1 Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries 184
  • 4.2.2 Printed Batteries 186
  • 4.2.3 Flexible Solid-state Batteries 188
  • 4.2.4 Stretchable Batteries 189
• 4.3 Market Segmentation by Application 191
  • 4.3.1 Consumer Electronics 191
  • 4.3.2 Healthcare and Medical Devices 193
  • 4.3.3 Smart Packaging 195
  • 4.3.4 Smart Cards and RFID 197
  • 4.3.5 Wearable Devices 199
  • 4.3.6 Internet of Things (IoT) 201
  • 4.3.7 Automotive 202
• 4.4 Market Segmentation by Region 204
  • 4.4.1 North America 204
  • 4.4.2 Europe 205
  • 4.4.3 Asia-Pacific 206

5 APPLICATION ANALYSIS 212

• 5.1 Consumer Electronics 213
  • 5.1.1 Applications 214
  • 5.1.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges 215
• 5.2 Healthcare and Medical Devices 217
  • 5.2.1 Key Applications 217
    • 5.2.1.1 Smart Patches 217
    • 5.2.1.2 Implantable Devices 219
    • 5.2.1.3 Monitoring Systems 221
  • 5.2.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges 222
• 5.3 Smart Packaging 223
  • 5.3.1 Key Applications 224
    • 5.3.1.1 Temperature Sensors 224
    • 5.3.1.2 Freshness Indicators 225
  • 5.3.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges 225
• 5.4 Smart Cards and RFID 226
  • 5.4.1 Key Applications 228
  • 5.4.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges 229
• 5.5 Wearable Devices 232
  • 5.5.1 Key Products 232
    • 5.5.1.1 Wrist-worn wearables and fitness trackers 232
    • 5.5.1.2 Smart Clothing 234
    • 5.5.1.3 Smart eyewear and headwear 235
    • 5.5.1.4 Smart contact lenses 236
  • 5.5.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges 238
• 5.6 Internet of Things (IoT) 239
  • 5.6.1 Key Applications 239
    • 5.6.1.1 Sensors 239
    • 5.6.1.2 Smart Home Devices 241
    • 5.6.1.3 Industrial IoT 242
  • 5.6.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges 243
• 5.7 Aerospace and Defense 244
  • 5.7.1 Key Applications 244
    • 5.7.1.1 Drones 244
    • 5.7.1.2 Soldier Systems 245
    • 5.7.1.3 Aircraft Components 246
  • 5.7.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges 247
• 5.8 Automotive 248
  • 5.8.1 Key Applications 248
  • 5.8.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges 249

6 TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK 251

• 6.1 Emerging Flexible Battery Technologies 251
  • 6.1.1 Graphene-based Flexible Batteries 252
  • 6.1.2 Fiber and Textile Batteries 254
  • 6.1.3 Bio-batteries and Eco-friendly Solutions 256
  • 6.1.4 Self-healing Battery Technologies 257
• 6.2 Integration with Other Technologies 257
  • 6.2.1 Flexible Solar Cells 259
  • 6.2.2 Wireless Charging Systems 260
  • 6.2.3 Energy Harvesting Devices 261
  • 6.2.4 Artificial Intelligence and Smart Power Management 263
• 6.3 Advancements in Materials Science 264
• 6.4 Manufacturing Innovations 265
• 6.5 Standardization and Regulatory Landscape 267
  • 6.5.1 Development of Industry Standards 267
  • 6.5.2 Safety Regulations and Compliance 269
  • 6.5.3 Environmental Regulations and Sustainability Initiatives 270
• 6.6 Environmental Impact and Sustainability 271
  • 6.6.1 Life Cycle Assessment of Flexible Batteries 271
  • 6.6.2 Recyclability and End-of-Life Management 273
  • 6.6.3 Eco-friendly Materials and Production Processes 274

7 COMPANY PROFILES 275 (41 company profiles)

8 APPENDICES 336

• 8.1 Glossary of Terms 336
• 8.2 List of Abbreviations 337
• 8.3 Research Methodology 338

9 REFERENCES 340

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List of Tables/Graphs

• Table 1. Comparison with Conventional Battery Technologies. 17
• Table 2. Battery market megatrends. 18
• Table 3. Advanced materials for batteries. 22
• Table 4. Macro-trends in flexible batteries. 23
• Table 5. Technology benchmarking for flexible batteries. 25
• Table 6. Application market roadmap for flexible batteries. 42
• Table 7. Overview of applications for flexible batteries. 43
• Table 8. Global market 2025-2035 by technology (Millions USD) for flexible batteries. 46
• Table 9. Global market 2025-2035 by technology (units) for flexible batteries. 48
• Table 10.Global market 2025-2035 by application (Millions USD) for flexible batteries. 49
• Table 11.Global market 2025-2035 by application (Units) for flexible batteries. 50
• Table 12. Market and technical challenges in flexible batteries. 53
• Table 13. Flexible Li-ion battery prototypes. 59
• Table 14. Thin film vs bulk solid-state batteries. 61
• Table 15. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries. 65
• Table 16. Main components and properties of different printed battery types. 75
• Table 17, Types of printable current collectors and the materials commonly used. 78
• Table 18. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements. 81
• Table 19. 2D and 3D printing techniques. 83
• Table 20. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries. 85
• Table 21. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries. 86
• Table 22. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn–MnO2 and other battery types. 88
• Table 23. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing. 93
• Table 24. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries. 95
• Table 25. Types of solid-state electrolytes. 98
• Table 26. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries. 98
• Table 27. Typical process chains for manufacturing key components and assembly of solid-state batteries. 100
• Table 28. Comparison between liquid and solid-state batteries. 105
• Table 29. Types of fiber-shaped batteries. 117
• Table 30. Components of transparent batteries. 121
• Table 31. Components of degradable batteries. 124
• Table 32. Types of fiber-shaped batteries. 126
• Table 33. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries. 133
• Table 34. Thin batteries used in RFID tags/ sensors 173
• Table 35. Global market for Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 183
• Table 36. Global market for Printed Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 185
• Table 37. Global market for Flexible Solid-state Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 187
• Table 38. Global market for Stretchable Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 188
• Table 39. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Consumer Electronics 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 190
• Table 40. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Healthcare and Medical Devices 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 192
• Table 41. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Smart Packaging 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 194
• Table 42. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Smart Cards and RFID 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 196
• Table 43. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Wearables 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 198
• Table 44. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Internet of Things (IoT) 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 200
• Table 45. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Automotive 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 201
• Table 46. Market for Flexible Batteries in North America 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 203
• Table 47. Market for Flexible Batteries in Europe 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 204
• Table 48. Market for Flexible Batteries in Asia-Pacific 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 205
• Table 49. 3DOM separator. 276
• Table 50. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries. 306

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Flexible, rechargeable battery. 16
• Figure 2. Costs of batteries to 2030. 20
• Figure 3. Flexible batteries on the market. 26
• Figure 4. Stretchable lithium-ion battery for flexible electronics 29
• Figure 5. Global market 2025-2035 by technology (value) for flexible batteries. 47
• Figure 6. Global market 2025-2035 by technology (units) for flexible batteries. 49
• Figure 7. Global market 2025-2035 by application (Millions USD) for flexible batteries. 50
• Figure 8. Global market 2025-2035 by application (Units) for flexible batteries. 51
• Figure 9. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage. 55
• Figure 10. Types of flexible batteries. 57
• Figure 11. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries. 59
• Figure 12. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures. 63
• Figure 13. a–c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs. 66
• Figure 14. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d–f) 68
• Figure 15. Origami disposable battery. 69
• Figure 16. Zn–MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt. 72
• Figure 17. Various applications of printed paper batteries. 74
• Figure 18.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery. 75
• Figure 19. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together. 77
• Figure 20. Sakuú's Swift Print 3D-printed solid-state battery cells. 91
• Figure 21. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III). 92
• Figure 22. Examples of applications of thin film batteries. 102
• Figure 23. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials. 103
• Figure 24. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right). 105
• Figure 25. Stretchable lithium-air battery for wearable electronics. 110
• Figure 26. Ag–Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy. 115
• Figure 27. Transparent batteries. 121
• Figure 28. Degradable batteries. 123
• Figure 29 . Fraunhofer IFAM printed electrodes. 130
• Figure 30. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries. 131
• Figure 31. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs. 134
• Figure 32. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs. 134
• Figure 33. Wearable self-powered devices. 170
• Figure 34. RFID sensors/tags with thin batteries. 173
• Figure 35. Audio Paper. 174
• Figure 36. Global market for Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 183
• Figure 37. Global market for Printed Lithium-ion Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 185
• Figure 38. Global market for Flexible Solid-state Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 187
• Figure 39. Global market for Stretchable Solid-state Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 188
• Figure 40. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Consumer Electronics 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 191
• Figure 41. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Healthcare and Medical Devices 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 193
• Figure 42. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Smart Packaging 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 195
• Figure 43. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Smart Cards and RFID 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 196
• Figure 44. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Wearables 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 198
• Figure 45. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Internet of Things (IoT) 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 200
• Figure 46. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Automotive 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 201
• Figure 47. Market for Flexible Batteries in North America 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 203
• Figure 48. Market for Flexible Batteries in Europe 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 204
• Figure 49. Market for Flexible Batteries in Asia-Pacific 2025-2035 (Millions USD). 206
• Figure 50. Skin patch. 217
• Figure 51. Golf sensor patch powered by flexible, thin-film battery. 231
• Figure 52. Rod-shaped batteriesrod-shaped batteries. 239
• Figure 53. 3DOM battery. 275
• Figure 54. AC biode prototype. 277
• Figure 55. Ampcera’s all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm). 280
• Figure 56. Ateios thin-film, printed battery. 282
• Figure 57. 3D printed lithium-ion battery. 286
• Figure 58. TempTraq wearable patch. 288
• Figure 59. ZincPoly™ technology. 292
• Figure 60. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate. 294
• Figure 61. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials. 295
• Figure 62. Exeger Powerfoyle. 297
• Figure 63. 2D paper batteries. 300
• Figure 64. 3D Custom Format paper batteries. 300
• Figure 65. Ilika solid-state batteries. 303
• Figure 66. LiBEST flexible battery. 307
• Figure 67. 3D solid-state thin-film battery technology. 308
• Figure 68. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 311
• Figure 69. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 312
• Figure 70. Printed battery. 319
• Figure 71. ProLogium solid-state battery. 321
• Figure 72. Sakuú Corporation 3Ah Lithium Metal Solid-state Battery. 323
• Figure 73. Samsung SDI's sixth-generation prismatic batteries. 325
• Figure 74. Grepow flexible battery. 328