Summary

この調査レポートは、世界のソーラー発電装置（太陽エネルギー設備）市場を調査し、2040年までの太陽エネルギー消費予測と2023年までのタイプ別設備需要予測などを掲載しています。

Dedalus Consulting's intelligence coverage offers a comprehensive analysis of growing solar power industry. Our Published Intelligence Report and the new Ulysses™ database both build on our wealth of accumulated knowledge.

The 2019 solar power dataset provides quantitative data and qualitative analysis on the global market by country, end-user industry, equipment type, application, and competitors. The report further analyzes the market for each type of equipment through the first two generations of solar technology and forecasts into the third generation. Expanded coverage includes pivot table capabilities within the Ulysses™ platform. Product market coverage includes global solar energy equipment market demand by type and region, competitive environment, and equipment markets breakdown. Forecasts for solar energy consumption to 2040, and equipment demand forecasts by type to 2024.

What You Get: Detailed Research Criteria Presented

Research Objectives

The primary objectives in this analysis are:
•to provide clients with the tools they need to accurately assess their market opportunities and potential;
•to determine regional solar energy production capacity by year through 2024, 2030, and 2040;
•to determine the size of total market for solar energy consumption and production equipment by country, end-user industry, and application;
•to forecast future growth in each product by geographic and end-use market; and
•to assess the competitive environment within the market including supplier sales and market share by year.

Methodology & Sources

Dedalus Consulting employs all current market and competitive intelligence techniques in order to ensure comprehensive research and analysis. This includes primary and secondary research. The research methodology applies generally to all database services, published and custom research. It can also be modified to suit a project and the client’s specific objectives.

Solar Equipment Markets Covered
•Semiconductors
◦Polysilicon
•Glass
◦Flat
•Anti-Reflective Coating
◦Silicon Dioxide
◦Titanium Dioxide
◦Indium-tin Dioxide
◦Other
•Balance of Systems ◦Inverters/Converters
◦Batteries
◦Charge Controllers
◦Mounting Systems
◦Tracking Systems
◦Other

Solar Energy Types Covered
•Photovoltaics (PV) ◦First Generation
◦Second Generation
◦Third Generation

Geographic Coverage
•Africa
•Australia
•Brazil
•Canada
•China
•France
•Germany
•India
•Italy
•Japan
•Korea
•Mexico
•Middle East
•Russia
•Singapore
•Spain
•Sweden
•Switzerland
•Taiwan
•United Kingdom
•United States
•Other Asia/Pacific
•Other CIS
•Other EU
•Other Europe
•Other Latin America
•Rest of World

End-User Markets
•Aerospace
•Automotive
•Chemical Processing
•Communications
•Commercial
•Construction
•Defense/Military/Government
•Electronics
•Food Processing
•Machining
•Medical/Research
•Oil, Gas & Mining
•Paper & Pulp Industry
•Power Generation
•Residential
•Transportation
•Other

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Table of Contents

Summary of Report Contents

Section One: Technology Overview

Types of Energy Defined
•Coal
•Oil
•Natural Gas
•Nuclear
•Renewable Energy
◦Solar
◦Wind
◦Biofuels
◦Hydro-electric
◦Geothermal

Comparison of Types
•Efficiency
•Cost

Process of Energy Generation for PV Technology

Products and Equipment & Advanced Materials Used
•Panel
◦Semiconductors (N-type, P-type): Polysilicon
◾Single crystalline silicon
◾Multi crystalline silicon
◾Amorphous silicon
◾Copper indium diselenide (CIS)
◾Cadmium telluride (CdTe)
◾Thin-film silicon
◾Gallium arsenide (GaAs)
◦Wafers and Ingots
◦Modules
◾Crystalline
◾Single crystalline silicon
◾Multi crystalline silicon
◾Thin-Film
◾Amorphous silicon
◾Copper indium diselenide (CIS)
◾Cadmium telluride (CdTe)
◾Thin-film silicon
◾Gallium arsenide (GaAs)
◾Concentrating PV (High, Low)
◦Glass ◾Flat

◦Anti-reflective coating
◦ ◾Titanium dioxide
◾Indium tin dioxide
◾Silicon Nitride
◾Silica
◾Solgel
◾Zirconium oxide
◾Silicon dioxide

•Balance of Systems H3
◦Structural
◾Mounting
◾Ground
◾Rooftop
◾Tracking
◾Dual Axis
◾Single Axis
◾Other
◦Electrical
◾Inverter
◾String
◾Central
◾Micro
◾Batteries
◾Other

Three Generations of Solar Cells (Applications)
•First Generation: Single Junction Silicon Cells
◦Single Crystal Silicon
◦Multi-Crystal Silicon
•Second Generation: Thin Film Cells
◦Cadmium Telluride
◦CIGS
◦Amorphous Silicon
•Third Generation: Multi-Junction Cells
◦Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
◦OPV
◦Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
◦Quantum Dots
◾Hot-Carrier
◾Intermediate Band-Gap
◾Collodial QD
◾Infrared

Comparison of Types
•Technology
•Efficiency (Commercial/Laboratory) by Type
•Cost (PPW) by Type
•Most Used/Produced

Transmission and Distribution
•Off-Grid versus Grid-Tied Photovoltaics

Technology Advancements/Research and Development
•Crystalline Silicon
•Thin-Film Cells
•Multijunction Cells
•OPV
•Dye-Sensitized
•Concentrated Photovoltaics

Section Two: Market Overview

Executive Summary
•Trends by Product Type
•Trends by Region
•Trends by Technology
•Future Outlook: 2015-2025

Comparison of Type of Alternative Energy by Type
•Bn USD
•Quadrillion BTU

Global Demand of Energy (All Types)

PV Demand by Region
•Europe
•Americas
•MEA
•Asia-Pacific
•China
•ROW

Global Demand of PV Energy by Year

Major Producers of PV Technology (Cumulative Installed)
•Germany
•Spain
•Italy
•Japan
•USA
•China
•France
•Australia
•UK
•India
•ROW

Major Producers of PV Technology (Added (2015) Installed)
•Germany
•Spain
•Italy
•Japan
•USA
•China
•France
•Australia
•UK
•India
•ROW

Major PV Companies 2015 Revenue/Marketshare
•Trina Solar
•Canadian Solar
•Yingli Solar
•Hanwha SolarOne
•Jinko Solar
•JA Solar
•ReneSola
•First Solar
•Sunpower
•Kyocera
•Sharp
•Solarworld
•SMA
•Other

PV Market by Application (Installed Capacity)
•First Generation
•Second Generation
•Third Generation

Global Consumption of PV Energy by End-User
•Residential
•Non-residential
•Utility

Total PV Equipment Market
•Semiconductor
•Glass
•ARC
•Inverters
•Batteries
•Mounting Equipment
•Tracking Equipment
•Other

Factors Affecting the Demand for PV Energy

Future Outlook for PV Energy
•Demand Trends
•Technological Advancement/R&D
◦Materials
◦Energy Generation
◦Transmission & Distribution
•Social/Political Factors

Section Three: Modules/Semiconductors (Polysilicon)/Wafers

Polysilicon Demand by Region (Tons, Bn USD)
•Europe
•Americas
•MEA
•Asia-Pacific
•China
•ROW

Global Demand of Polysilicon by Country
•Germany
•Spain
•Italy
•Japan
•USA
•China
•France
•Australia
•UK
•India
•ROW

Polysilicon Market by End-User
•Solar/PV Industry
•Semiconductor Industry

Polysilicon Historical Pricing
•2010-2015

Polysilicon Historical Pricing
•2010-2015

Demand of Polysilicon by Module Type
•Single crystal
•Multi crystal

Polysilicon Companies Production Capacity and Market Share
•GCL-Poly
•Wacker Polysilicon
•Hemlock Semiconductor Corp
•OCI
•REC Silicon
•SunEdison Inc
•Tokuyama
•M.Seteck Co
•TBEA Silicon
•Daqo New Energy
•Other

Semiconductor Manufacturers
•TSMC
•Globalfoundries
•UMC
•Samsung Electronics
•SMIC
•Powerchip Technologies
•TowerJazz
•Vanguard International
•Hoahong Grace Semiconductor
•Other

Semiconductor Vendors
•Intel
•Samsung Electronics
•SK Hynix
•Qualcomm
•Micron
•TI
•Toshiba
•Broadcom
•STMicroelectronics
•Infineon
•Other

Wafer Pricing
•2017-2024

Wafer Capacity by Module Type
•Monocrystalline
•Multicrystalline

Wafer Manufacturers Capacity/Production

Future Outlook

Section Four: Anti-Reflective Coating/Glass

Global Demand of Flat Glass by Region
•Asia Pacific
•North America
•Latin America
•Europe
•Africa
•Middle East
•Other

Flat Glass Market by End-User
•Automotive
•Furniture/Internal
•Building windows
•Solar
•Other

Glass Market by PV Generation
•First
•Second

Glass Sales and Market Share
•Asahi
•Saint-Gobain
•Guardian
•PPG
•NSG
•Other

Global Demand for Anti Reflective Coating
•USA
•Asia Pacific
•EU
•ROW

ARC Demand by End-User
•Automotive
•Solar
•Eyewear
•Electronics
•Other

ARC Market by Generation
•First
•Second

ARC Sales and Market Share
•PPG
•Rodenstock Gmbh
•Honeywell
•DSM
•Guardian
•Pilkington
•ACG
•Carl Zeiss AG
•Essilor
•Hoya Corp
•Other

Glass/ARC Future Outlook

Section Five: Balance of Systems

Balance of Systems Markets by Product
•Electrical
•Structural
•Monitoring/Testing
•Other

Electrical Market by Product
•Inverters
•Batteries
•Other

Inverter By Type
•String
•Central
•Micro

Batteries by Type
•Lead Acid
•Lead Carbon
•Lithium Ion
•Other

Structural Market by Product
•Mounting Systems
•Trackers

Mounting Systems by Type
•Ground
•Rooftop

Tracking Systems by Type
•Dual Axis
•Single Axis

BoS Market by End-User
•Residential
•Non-Residential
•Utility

Global Demand of BoS by Region
•Asia Pacific
•North America
•Latin America
•Europe
•Africa
•Middle East

Competitive Environment
•Supplier Sales and Market Shares
•Factors Affecting Competition

Future Outlook

Section Six: Global PV Market by Country

•Germany
•Italy
•Rest of EU
•Japan
•China
•Rest of Asia
•USA
•ROW

List of Tables

Section One: Technology Overview
•Table 1.1: Commercial Efficiency of Module by Type (%)
•Table 1.2: Laboratory Efficiency of Module by Type (%)
•Table 1.3: Cost of Module by Type (PPW)
•Table 1.4: Total Technology Cost Breakdown (%)
•Table 2.1: Comparison of Type of Alternative Energy by Total Equipment Market (Billion USD)

Section Two: Market Overview
•Table 2.1a: Comparison of Type of Alternative Energy by Total Equipment Market (%)
•Table 2.1b: Comparison of Type of Alternative Energy by Total Equipment Market (Yr-Yr)
•Table 2.2 Global Demand of Energy All Types (Quadrillion BTU): 2015-2040
•Table 2.2a Global Demand of Energy All Types (%): 2015-2040
•Table 2.2b Global Demand of Energy All Types, Year-Year Change (%): 2015-2040
•Table 2.3: Global Demand of Energy by Type (Quadrillion btu): 2010-2040
•Table 2.3a: Global Demand of Energy by Type (%): 2010-2040
•Table 2.3b: Global Demand of Energy by Type, Year-Year Change (%): 2010-2040
•Table 2.4: PV Demand by Region (Cumulative GW): 2015-2040
•Table 2.4a: PV Demand by Region (%): 2015-2040 (%)
•Table 2.4b: PV Demand by Region, Year-Year Change (%): 2015-2040
•Table 2.5: Global Demand of PV Energy by Year (GW)
•Table 2.6: Top Solar Producers (Total GW Installed Capacity)
•Table 2.6a: Top Solar Producers (% GW Installed Capacity)
•Table 2.6b: Top Solar Producers (Year-Year Change cumulative)
•Table 2.7: Top Solar Producers (GW Installed Capacity): 2017
•Table 2.7a: Top Solar Producers (%): 2017
•Table 2.7b: Top Solar Producers, Year-Year Change (%): 2017
•Table 2.8: Major PV Companies Revenue ($Bn): 2017
•Table 2.9: Major PV Companies Market Share (%): 2017
•Table 2.10: PV Installed Capacity by Application (GW): 2017
•Table 2.10a: PV Installed Capacity by Application (%): 2017
•Table 2.10b: PV Installed Capacity by Application, Year-Year Change (%): 2017
•Table 2.11: PV Installed Capacity by End User (GW): 2017
•Table 2.11a: PV Installed Capacity by End User (%): 2017
•Table 2.11b: PV Installed Capacity by End User, Year-Year Change (%): 2017
•Table 2.12: Total PV Equipment ($Bn): 2017-2024
•Table 2.12a: Total PV Equipment (%): 2017-2024
•Table 2.12b: Total PV Equipment, Year-Year Change (%): 2017-2024

Section Three: Polysilicon
•Table 3.1 Global Demand of Polysilicon by Region 2017-2024 (tons)
•Table 3.1a Global Demand of Polysilicon by Region 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 3.1b Global Demand of Polysilicon by Region 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.2 Global Demand of Polysilicon by Region 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 3.2a Global Demand of Polysilicon by Region 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 3.2b Global Demand of Polysilicon by Region 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.3 Global Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (tons)
•Table 3.3a Global Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 3.3b Global Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.4 Global Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 3.4a Global Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 3.4b Global Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.5: Polysilicon Market by End-User (Thousand Metric Tons)
•Table 3.5a: Polysilicon Market by End-User (%)
•Table 3:5b: Polysilicon Market by End-User (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.6: Polysilicon Market by End-User (Bn USD)
•Table 3.6a: Polysilicon Market by End-User (%)
•Table 3:6b: Polysilicon Market by End-User (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.7: Polysilicon Pricing History (USD/Kg)
•Table 3.8: First Generation Semiconductor Market by Product (tons)
•Table 3.8a: First Generation Semiconductor Market by Product (%)
•Table 3.8b: First Generation Semiconductor Market by Product (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.9: Semiconductor Companies Polysilicon Production Capacity (Thousand Metric Tons)
•Table 3.9a: Semiconductor Companies Polysilicon Production Capacity (%)
•Table 3.9b: Semiconductor Companies Polysilicon Production Capacity (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.10: Semiconductor Companies 2017-2024 (% Market Share)
•Table 3.11: Semiconductor Manufacturers 2013-2015 Revenue (Mn USD)
•Table 3.11a: Semiconductor Manufacturers 2013-2015 Revenue (%)
•Table 3.11b: Semiconductor Manufacturers 2013-2015 Revenue (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.12: Semiconductor Vendors 2015 Revenue (Mn USD)
•Table 3.12a: Semiconductor Vendors 2015 Revenue (%)
•Table 3.13: Wafer Pricing 2017-2024 (USD/W)
•Table 3.14: Wafer Capacity by Module Type 2017-2024 (GW)
•Table 3.14a: Wafer Capacity by Module Type 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 3.14b: Wafer Capacity by Module Type 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 3.15: Wafer Manufacturers Capacity/Production
•Table 3.16: Wafer Manufacturers

Section Four: Flat Glass
•Table 4.1: Demand for Flat Glass by Region 2017-2024 (Million Tons)
•Table 4.1a: Demand for Flat Glass by Region 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.1b: Demand for Flat Glass by Region 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.2: Demand for Flat Glass by Region 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 4.2a: Demand for Flat Glass by Region 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.2b: Demand for Flat Glass by Region 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.3: Demand for Flat Glass by End User 2017-2024 (Million Tons)
•Table 4.3a: Demand for Flat Glass by End User 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.3b: Demand for Flat Glass by End User 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.4: Demand for Flat Glass by End User 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 4.4a: Demand for Flat Glass by End User 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.4b: Demand for Flat Glass by End User 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.5: Solar Glass Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (Million Tons)
•Table 4.5a: Solar Glass Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.5b: Solar Glass Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.6: Solar Glass Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 4.6a: Solar Glass Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.6b: Solar Glass Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.7: Major Glass Companies Revenue 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 4.7a: Major Glass Companies Revenue 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.7b: Major Glass Companies Revenue 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.8: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Region 2017-2024 (Kt)
•Table 4.8a: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Region 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.8b: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Region 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.9: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Region 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 4.9a: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Region 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.9b: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Region 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.10: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by End User 2017-2024 (Kt)
•Table 4.10a: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by End User 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.10b: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by End User 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.11: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by End User 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 4.11a: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by End User 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.11b: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by End User 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.12: Anti Reflective Coating Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (Kt)
•Table 4.12a: Anti Reflective Coating Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.12b: Anti Reflective Coating Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.13: Anti Reflective Coating Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 4.13a: Anti Reflective Coating Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.13b: Anti Reflective Coating Market Share by Generation 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 4.14: Major Anti Reflective Coating Companies Revenue 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 4.14a: Major Anti Reflective Coating Companies Revenue 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 4.14b: Major Anti Reflective Coating Companies Revenue 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)

Section Five: Balance of Systems
•Table 5.1: Demand for BOS by Region 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.1a: Demand for BOS by Region 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.1b: Demand for BOS by Region 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 5.2: Demand for BOS by Type of Product 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.2a: Demand for BOS by Type of Product 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.2b: Demand for BOS by Type of Product 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 5.3: Demand for BOS Electrical Products 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.3a: Demand for BOS Electrical Products 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.3b: Demand for BOS Electrical Products 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 5.4: Demand for Inverters by Type 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.4a: Demand for Inverters by Type 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.4b: Demand for Inverters by Type 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 5.5: Demand for Batteries by Type 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.5a: Demand for Batteries by Type 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.5b: Demand for Batteries by Type 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 5.6: Demand for BOS Structural Products 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.6a: Demand for BOS Structural Products 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.6b: Demand for BOS Structural Products 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 5.7: Demand for Mounting Systems by Type 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.7a: Demand for Mounting Systems by Type 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.7b: Demand for Mounting Systems by Type 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 5.8: Demand for Tracking Systems by Type 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.8a: Demand for Tracking Systems by Type 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.8b: Demand for Tracking Systems by Type 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 5.9: Demand for BOS by End User 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 5.9a: Demand for BOS by End User 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 5.9b: Demand for BOS by End User 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)

Section Six: Global PV Market by Country
•Table 6.1: Installed Capacity for PV Energy by Country 2017-2024 (GW) (Cumulative)
•Table 6.1a Installed Capacity for PV Energy by Country 2017-2024 (%) (Cumulative)
•Table 6.1b Installed Capacity for PV Energy by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr) (Cumulative)
•Table 6.2: Installed Capacity for PV Energy by Country 2017-2024 (GW) (Added)
•Table 6.2a Installed Capacity for PV Energy by Country 2017-2024 (%) (Added)
•Table 6.2b Installed Capacity for PV Energy by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr) (Added)
•Table 6.3 Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (tons)
•Table 6.3a Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 6.3b Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 6.4 Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 6.4a Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 6.4b Demand of Polysilicon by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 6.5: Demand for Flat Glass by Country 2017-2024 (Million Tons)
•Table 6.5a: Demand for Flat Glass by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 6.5b: Demand for Flat Glass by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 6.6: Demand for Flat Glass by Country 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 6.6a: Demand for Flat Glass by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 6.6b: Demand for Flat Glass by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 6.7: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Country 2017-2024 (Kt)
•Table 6.7a: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 6.7b: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 6.8: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Country 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 6.8a: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 6.8b: Demand for Anti Reflective Coating by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 6.9: Demand for BOS by Country 2017-2024 (Bn USD)
•Table 6.9a: Demand for BOS by Country 2017-2024 (%)
•Table 6.9b: Demand for BOS by Country 2017-2024 (Yr-Yr)
•Table 6.10: PV Market by Country, Technology 2015 (Bn USD)