Summary
Global Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market was valued at USD 234.57 million in 2023 and will see an impressive growth in the forecast period at a CAGR of 5.64% to 2029.Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is a phosphorus-based biocide with the molecular formula [CH2OH)4P]2SO4. It is widely utilized across various industries due to its ability to control the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. THPS is recognized for its biocidal properties, making it indispensable in sectors where microbial control is crucial, such as water treatment and oil and gas operations.
The oil and gas industry represents a significant market for THPS, particularly in processes like hydraulic fracturing, where microbial control is essential. The global expansion of oil and gas exploration and production activities has fueled the demand for THPS in this sector.THPS also plays a vital role in water treatment applications, where it is used to maintain water quality by controlling microbial growth. With the increasing significance of water treatment in industrial processes, the demand for THPS continues to rise to address microbial-related issues effectively.In addition to its biocidal properties, THPS offers flame-retardant characteristics, making it valuable in industries such as textiles, construction, and electronics. The need for flame-retardant materials, driven by safety regulations and standards, further boosts the demand for THPS across these sectors.Environmental regulations promoting the use of sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions have led to innovation in the chemical industry. THPS, being a biodegradable compound, aligns with these regulations, making it a preferred choice in industries where environmental concerns hold significant importance.
Key Market Drivers
Growth in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is extensively utilized in the oil and gas sector, particularly in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations. Fracking involves injecting large volumes of water into wells to fracture rock formations and release hydrocarbons. THPS serves as a biocide in this process, effectively controlling microbial growth in the water to prevent issues such as well souring caused by bacteria. Uncontrolled microbial growth in oil and gas reservoirs and production systems can lead to corrosion, biofouling, and the generation of harmful byproducts. THPS plays a crucial role in averting these microbial-induced challenges, ensuring the integrity and efficiency of exploration and production activities.
Microbial growth can disrupt oil and gas production by causing blockages in pipelines and equipment. THPS aids in maintaining production efficiency by addressing these microbial-related issues, thereby reducing the frequency of maintenance shutdowns. With the global demand for energy, including oil and gas, on the rise, there is a corresponding increase in exploration and production endeavors, resulting in a greater requirement for chemicals like THPS that support and optimize these operations.The oil and gas industry operates under stringent regulations concerning environmental protection and safety. To adhere to these standards, companies utilize biocides such as THPS to ensure microbial control necessary for environmentally responsible and safe operations.
The extraction of unconventional resources, like shale gas and tight oil, often involves advanced drilling and production techniques. THPS is deployed in these unconventional resource extraction processes to tackle specific challenges related to microbial control. Fluctuations in oil and gas prices influence investment decisions, with periods of higher prices typically leading to increased investment in upstream activities, including exploration and production. During such periods, the demand for chemicals like THPS tends to rise.THPS is also utilized in well stimulation fluids to manage bacterial growth and uphold fluid properties during oil and gas well operations, further driving demand for THPS in the industry. These factors collectively contribute to the development of the Global Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market.
Increasing Flame Retardant Applications
Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is renowned for its flame-retardant properties, making it a valuable additive in materials where fire resistance is paramount. Its application spans across multiple industries, enhancing the fire safety of products and materials. In the construction sector, THPS serves as a flame retardant in materials like insulation, coatings, and textiles. With a focus on elevating fire safety standards in buildings, the construction industry relies on flame retardants such as THPS to meet regulatory mandates.THPS is utilized in the textile industry to imbue fabrics with flame retardant properties, particularly crucial in producing protective clothing, curtains, upholstery, and textiles used in public spaces prioritizing fire safety. Flame retardants are integral in the manufacturing of electronic and electrical equipment to mitigate fire hazards. THPS can be integrated into polymers and plastics used in these applications, providing enhanced fire resistance. The implementation of stringent safety regulations across industries, including construction and electronics, drives the demand for flame retardant materials, aligning with THPS's flame-retardant capabilities.
In the automotive sector, THPS enhances the fire resistance of materials employed in vehicle interiors. As safety standards in the automotive industry evolve, the demand for flame retardant solutions like THPS may surge. With an overarching focus on public safety and fire prevention in residential and commercial settings, there is a rising demand for flame retardant materials. THPS addresses this need effectively by delivering an efficient flame-retardant solution.Industries manufacturing consumer goods, including furniture and household items, increasingly incorporate flame-retardant materials to bolster product safety. THPS plays a role in achieving the desired fire resistance in these goods. With a global uptick in awareness regarding fire safety, there is a growing demand for materials capable of withstanding fire and curbing its spread. THPS, equipped with flame-retardant capabilities, emerges as a preferred choice across various applications, further driving the demand for the Global Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market.
Increasing Water Treatment Requirements
THPS possesses potent biocidal properties, rendering it effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi. Within water treatment applications, THPS is deployed to manage microbial growth and thwart biofouling in various industrial processes. Industries, which heavily rely on substantial water volumes, confront microbial contamination issues leading to equipment fouling and corrosion. THPS finds utility in industrial water treatment, safeguarding process water quality and averting adverse effects arising from microbial activity.In the oil and gas sector, THPS plays a pivotal role in microbial control within water systems associated with production and processing activities. This encompasses treating injection water and combating microbial-induced corrosion in pipelines and equipment. In cooling water systems, THPS is instrumental in curbing microorganism growth that could compromise heat exchange equipment efficiency, ensuring the cleanliness and functionality of cooling towers.
Municipal water treatment facilities leverage THPS to disinfect water and manage microorganism proliferation in distribution systems, adhering to water quality standards and securing safe drinking water provisions for communities. Within agriculture, THPS aids in water treatment for controlling microbial contamination in irrigation systems and water used in livestock operations, mitigating waterborne disease spread and upholding water quality standards for agricultural pursuits.The paper and pulp industry integrates THPS into water treatment protocols to manage microbiological growth during various production stages, such as pulp washing and paper machine systems. THPS's utility extends to water treatment in mining and metal processing operations, where it combats microbial growth in water systems, aligning with environmental protection goals by preventing harmful microorganism release into natural water bodies. It aids in regulatory compliance concerning water quality standards, contributing to environmental preservation efforts. These factors are poised to drive the demand for the Global Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market.
Key Market Challenges
Raw Material Availability and Pricing
The production of THPS relies on specific raw materials, and if there are limited sources or disruptions in the supply chain, it can lead to shortages, affecting the production of THPS. THPS is derived from phosphine, and any fluctuations in phosphine production or availability can impact the production of THPS. Phosphine itself may be subject to supply chain challenges, affecting the overall availability of raw materials for THPS. Geopolitical factors, such as trade tensions or restrictions, can influence the availability of raw materials globally. Changes in international trade policies or geopolitical events can disrupt the supply chain for key components needed to produce THPS. Raw material prices can be subject to volatility due to factors such as market demand, geopolitical events, or changes in production costs. Sudden spikes in raw material prices can significantly impact the overall production cost of THPS. Regulatory changes affecting the extraction or production of raw materials can also impact availability and pricing. Stricter environmental regulations may lead to increased costs for raw material extraction or processing. The raw materials used in THPS production are shared with other industries, increased demand from those industries can lead to higher competition for resources, potentially impacting availability and pricing for THPS manufacturers.
Environmental Concerns
While THPS is biodegradable, there may be concerns about its breakdown products and potential environmental impact. Regulatory scrutiny and public awareness of the environmental consequences of chemical usage can impact the market for THPS. Evolving environmental regulations may impose restrictions on the use of certain chemicals, including THPS. Compliance with stringent environmental standards can require adjustments in manufacturing processes or formulations, impacting the market dynamics for THPS. Assessments of the ecotoxicological impact of THPS and its breakdown products on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems may influence regulatory decisions and market preferences. Concerns about ecotoxicity can affect the acceptance and use of THPS in certain applications. Increasing corporate and industry focus on sustainability may drive a demand for greener alternatives. If THPS faces challenges in aligning with sustainability practices, industries and consumers may seek alternative solutions. Public perception of the environmental impact of chemicals can influence market dynamics. Increased awareness among consumers and businesses about the potential environmental risks associated with THPS may drive a shift towards more environmentally friendly alternatives. The disposal of products containing THPS, or its byproducts may raise concerns related to waste management. Addressing these concerns and ensuring proper disposal practices become important considerations for the industry. The development and adoption of alternative green technologies and sustainable practices in various industries may pose a challenge for THPS if these alternatives are perceived as more environmentally friendly.
Key Market Trends
Growing Demand for Biocides
Biocides are commonly used in industrial processes to control microbial growth and prevent issues such as biofouling, corrosion, and contamination. Industries such as oil and gas, water treatment, and pulp and paper utilize biocides to maintain the efficiency of their operations. Biocides play a crucial role in water treatment to ensure the quality of water used in various applications. The prevention of microbial contamination in cooling water systems, process water, and other water-intensive processes is essential for maintaining equipment integrity and efficiency. In agriculture, biocides are used for crop protection, preservation of stored crops, and controlling pests. The demand for effective biocides in agriculture is driven by the need to optimize crop yield and ensure food safety. Biocides are incorporated into construction materials, such as paints and coatings, to protect buildings from microbial growth, mold, and decay. The construction industry's focus on durability and longevity contributes to the demand for such products. Biocides are vital in healthcare settings for disinfection and sterilization purposes. The increased emphasis on hygiene, especially in the context of healthcare facilities and public spaces, has led to a growing demand for effective biocidal agents. Biocides are used in various consumer products, including disinfectants, preservatives for personal care items, and antimicrobial coatings for textiles. The heightened awareness of cleanliness and hygiene has fueled the demand for biocide-containing products. In the oil and gas industry, biocides are used to control microbial growth in various stages of production, transportation, and refining. The prevention of microbiological issues, such as souring of oil reservoirs, is critical for operational efficiency.
Segmental Insights
Function Insights
The Flame-Retardant segment is projected to experience rapid growth in Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) market during the forecast period.THPS is known for its flame-retardant properties, making it suitable for applications where fire resistance is crucial. In the construction and textiles industries, for example, materials treated with THPS can exhibit enhanced fire resistance, meeting safety standards and regulations. The construction sector often requires flame retardant materials to enhance the fire safety of buildings. THPS can be used in various construction materials, such as insulation, coatings, and textiles, to reduce the flammability of these products. THPS is utilized in the textile industry to impart flame retardant properties to fabrics. This is particularly important in applications where fire safety is critical, such as in the production of protective clothing, curtains, upholstery, and other textiles used in public spaces. Flame retardant materials are essential in the manufacturing of electronic and electrical equipment to reduce the risk of fire hazards. THPS can be incorporated into polymers and plastics used in these applications to enhance their fire resistance.
Application Insights
The Oil Gas segment is projected to experience rapid growth in Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) market during the forecast period. THPS is known for its biocidal properties, which make it effective in controlling microorganisms in various industrial processes. In the oil and gas sector, where microbial growth can lead to corrosion, fouling, and other operational issues, THPS is used as a biocide to prevent these problems. THPS is commonly employed in hydraulic fracturing operations in the oil and gas industry. It helps control microbial growth in the water used during fracking, ensuring the integrity and efficiency of the process. As hydraulic fracturing activities continue, the demand for THPS in this application is expected to rise. The growth of the oil and gas industry, particularly in regions with expanding exploration and production activities, can drive the demand for biocides like THPS. As more wells are drilled and production operations increase, the need for effective microbial control becomes more significant. Oil and gas operations often take place in challenging environments, including high temperatures, high pressures, and exposure to various chemicals. THPS is known for its stability and effectiveness under such harsh conditions, making it a preferred choice in the industry. Regulatory standards in the oil and gas sector often require effective microbial control to ensure the safety and integrity of operations. THPS, being a recognized biocide, can align with these regulatory requirements, driving its adoption in the industry.
Regional Insights
North America emerged as the dominant player in the global Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) market in 2023. North America has a high concentration of industries and applications that extensively use THPS, it could contribute to the region's dominance. Industries such as oil and gas, water treatment, and agriculture often rely on biocides like THPS for various processes. North American companies are at the forefront of developing and implementing innovative technologies related to THPS production or application, it could lead to a dominant position in the market. The regulatory landscape in North America, including standards for water treatment and industrial processes, could influence the demand for THPS. If the regulatory environment favors the use of THPS or if the region has stringent requirements for microbial control, it could contribute to market dominance. Robust research and development activities in North America may result in the introduction of new and improved THPS products, giving companies in the region a competitive edge in the global market.
Key Market Players
Shandong Taihe Technologies Co., Ltd.
Compass Chemical International LLC
Sichuan Chenghong Phosph-Chemical Co., Ltd.
Hubei Lianxing Chemical Co., Ltd.
Jiangxi Fuerxin Medicine Chemical Co., Ltd.
Jiangsu Kangxiang Industrial Group Co., Ltd.
Changshu New-Tech Chemicals Co., Ltd.
DuPont de Nemours Inc.
IRO Oil Drilling Chemical Co., Ltd.
Jiangxi Xinxin Chemical Co., Ltd.
Solvay S.A.
Report Scope:
In this report, the Global Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:
Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market,By Function:
oBiocide
oIron Sulfide Scavenger
oFlame Retardant
oTanning Agent
Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market,By Application:
oOil Gas
oWater Treatment
oTextile
oLeather
oOthers
Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market, By Region:
oNorth America
§United States
§Canada
§Mexico
oEurope
§Germany
§United Kingdom
§France
§Italy
§Spain
oAsia-Pacific
§China
§Japan
§India
§Australia
§South Korea
oSouth America
§Brazil
§Argentina
§Colombia
oMiddle East Africa
§South Africa
§Saudi Arabia
§UAE
Competitive Landscape
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies presents in the Global Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market.
Available Customizations:
Global Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) market report with the given market data, Tech Sci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Company Information
Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).
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Table of Contents
1.Product Overview
1.1.Market Definition
1.2.Scope of the Market
1.2.1.Markets Covered
1.2.2.Years Considered for Study
1.2.3.Key Market Segmentations
2.Research Methodology
2.1.Objective of the Study
2.2.Baseline Methodology
2.3.Key Industry Partners
2.4.Major Association and Secondary Sources
2.5.Forecasting Methodology
2.6.Data Triangulation Validation
2.7.Assumptions and Limitations
3.Executive Summary
3.1.Overview of the Market
3.2.Overview of Key Market Segmentations
3.3.Overview of Key Market Players
3.4.Overview of Key Regions/Countries
3.5.Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, and Trends
4.Voice of Customer
5.GlobalTetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) MarketOutlook
5.1.Market Size Forecast
5.1.1.By Value
5.2.Market Share Forecast
5.2.1.By Function (Biocide, Iron Sulfide Scavenger, Flame Retardant, Tanning Agent)
5.2.2.By Application (Oil Gas, Water Treatment, Textile, Leather, others)
5.2.3.By Region
5.2.4.By Company (2023)
5.3.Market Map
6.North America Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
6.1.Market Size Forecast
6.1.1.By Value
6.2.Market Share Forecast
6.2.1.ByFunction
6.2.2.By Application
6.2.3.By Country
6.3.North America: Country Analysis
6.3.1.United States Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
6.3.1.1.Market Size Forecast
6.3.1.1.1.By Value
6.3.1.2.Market Share Forecast
6.3.1.2.1.By Function
6.3.1.2.2.By Application
6.3.2.Canada Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
6.3.2.1.Market Size Forecast
6.3.2.1.1.By Value
6.3.2.2.Market Share Forecast
6.3.2.2.1.By Function
6.3.2.2.2.By Application
6.3.3.Mexico Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
6.3.3.1.Market Size Forecast
6.3.3.1.1.By Value
6.3.3.2.Market Share Forecast
6.3.3.2.1.By Function
6.3.3.2.2.By Application
7.Europe Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
7.1.Market Size Forecast
7.1.1.By Value
7.2.Market Share Forecast
7.2.1.By Function
7.2.2.By Application
7.2.3. By Country
7.3.Europe: Country Analysis
7.3.1.Germany Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
7.3.1.1.Market Size Forecast
7.3.1.1.1.By Value
7.3.1.2.Market Share Forecast
7.3.1.2.1.By Function
7.3.1.2.2.By Application
7.3.2.United Kingdom Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
7.3.2.1.Market Size Forecast
7.3.2.1.1.By Value
7.3.2.2.Market Share Forecast
7.3.2.2.1.By Function
7.3.2.2.2.By Application
7.3.3.Italy Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
7.3.3.1.Market Size Forecast
7.3.3.1.1.By Value
7.3.3.2.Market Share Forecast
7.3.3.2.1.By Function
7.3.3.2.2.By Application
7.3.4.France Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
7.3.4.1.Market Size Forecast
7.3.4.1.1.By Value
7.3.4.2.Market Share Forecast
7.3.4.2.1.By Function
7.3.4.2.2.By Application
7.3.5.Spain Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
7.3.5.1.Market Size Forecast
7.3.5.1.1.By Value
7.3.5.2.Market Share Forecast
7.3.5.2.1.By Function
7.3.5.2.2.By Application
8.Asia-Pacific Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
8.1.Market Size Forecast
8.1.1.By Value
8.2.Market Share Forecast
8.2.1.By Function
8.2.2.By Application
8.2.3. By Country
8.3.Asia-Pacific: Country Analysis
8.3.1.China Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
8.3.1.1.Market Size Forecast
8.3.1.1.1.By Value
8.3.1.2.Market Share Forecast
8.3.1.2.1.By Function
8.3.1.2.2.By Application
8.3.2.India Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
8.3.2.1.Market Size Forecast
8.3.2.1.1.By Value
8.3.2.2.Market Share Forecast
8.3.2.2.1.By Function
8.3.2.2.2.By Application
8.3.3.Japan Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
8.3.3.1.Market Size Forecast
8.3.3.1.1.By Value
8.3.3.2.Market Share Forecast
8.3.3.2.1.By Function
8.3.3.2.2.By Application
8.3.4.South Korea Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
8.3.4.1.Market Size Forecast
8.3.4.1.1.By Value
8.3.4.2.Market Share Forecast
8.3.4.2.1.By Function
8.3.4.2.2.By Application
8.3.5.Australia Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
8.3.5.1.Market Size Forecast
8.3.5.1.1.By Value
8.3.5.2.Market Share Forecast
8.3.5.2.1.By Function
8.3.5.2.2.By Application
9.South America Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
9.1.Market Size Forecast
9.1.1.By Value
9.2.Market Share Forecast
9.2.1.By Function
9.2.2.By Application
9.2.3. By Country
9.3.South America: Country Analysis
9.3.1.Brazil Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
9.3.1.1.Market Size Forecast
9.3.1.1.1.By Value
9.3.1.2.Market Share Forecast
9.3.1.2.1.By Function
9.3.1.2.2.By Application
9.3.2.Argentina Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
9.3.2.1.Market Size Forecast
9.3.2.1.1.By Value
9.3.2.2.Market Share Forecast
9.3.2.2.1.By Function
9.3.2.2.2.By Application
9.3.3.Colombia Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
9.3.3.1.Market Size Forecast
9.3.3.1.1.By Value
9.3.3.2.Market Share Forecast
9.3.3.2.1.By Function
9.3.3.2.2.By Application
10.Middle East and Africa Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
10.1.Market Size Forecast
10.1.1.By Value
10.2.Market Share Forecast
10.2.1.By Function
10.2.2.By Application
10.2.3. By Country
10.3.MEA: Country Analysis
10.3.1.South Africa Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
10.3.1.1.Market Size Forecast
10.3.1.1.1.By Value
10.3.1.2.Market Share Forecast
10.3.1.2.1.By Function
10.3.1.2.2.By Application
10.3.2.Saudi Arabia Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
10.3.2.1.Market Size Forecast
10.3.2.1.1.By Value
10.3.2.2.Market Share Forecast
10.3.2.2.1.By Function
10.3.2.2.2.By Application
10.3.3.UAE Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) Market Outlook
10.3.3.1.Market Size Forecast
10.3.3.1.1.By Value
10.3.3.2.Market Share Forecast
10.3.3.2.1.By Function
10.3.3.2.2.By Application
11.Market Dynamics
11.1.Drivers
11.2.Challenges
12.Market Trends Developments
12.1.Merger Acquisition (If Any)
12.2.Product Launches (If Any)
12.3.Recent Developments
13.Competitive Landscape
13.1.Shandong Taihe Technologies Co., Ltd.
13.1.1.Business Overview
13.1.2.Company Snapshot
13.1.3.Products Services Offering
13.1.4.Financials (As Reported)
13.1.5.Recent Developments
13.1.6.Key Personnel Details
13.1.7.SWOT Analysis
13.2.Compass Chemical International LLC
13.3.Sichuan Chenghong Phosph-Chemical Co., Ltd.
13.4.Hubei Lianxing Chemical Co., Ltd.
13.5.Jiangxi Fuerxin Medicine Chemical Co., Ltd.
13.6.Jiangsu Kangxiang Industrial Group Co., Ltd.
13.7.Changshu New-Tech Chemicals Co., Ltd.
13.8.DuPont de Nemours Inc.
13.9.IRO Oil Drilling Chemical Co., Ltd.
13.10.Jiangxi Xinxin Chemical Co., Ltd.
13.11.Solvay S.A.
14.Strategic Recommendations
15.About Us Disclaimer
