世界各国のリアルタイムなデータ・インテリジェンスで皆様をお手伝い

ダイレクト・エア・キャプチャー（DACまたはDACCS）の世界市場規模、メーカー、サプライチェーン、販売チャネル、クライアント、2021-2050年


Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size, Manufacturers, Supply Chain, Sales Channel and Clients, 2021-2050

市場分析と洞察。ダイレクト・エア・キャプチャー（DACまたはDACCS）の世界市場 2021年、世界のDirect Air Capture (DAC or DACCS)市場規模は14.37 K MTに達し、2021年から2050年の間に46.57%のCAGRで成長し、20... もっと見る

　

　

出版社 出版年月 電子版価格 言語
QYResearch
QYリサーチ 		2021年11月29日 US$5,900
シングルユーザライセンス
ライセンス・価格情報
注文方法はこちら 		英語

※当ページの内容はウェブ更新時の情報です。
最新版の価格やページ数などの情報についてはお問合せください。
日本語のページは自動翻訳を利用し作成しています。
実際のレポートは英文のみでご納品いたします。


　

サマリー

市場分析と洞察。ダイレクト・エア・キャプチャー（DACまたはDACCS）の世界市場
2021年、世界のDirect Air Capture (DAC or DACCS)市場規模は14.37 K MTに達し、2021年から2050年の間に46.57%のCAGRで成長し、2050年には940百万MTに達すると推定されています。
世界のDirect Air Capture（DACまたはDACCS）の範囲と市場規模
Direct Air Capture（DACまたはDACCS）市場は、地域別、国別、企業別、タイプ別、アプリケーション別、キャプチャ容量チャンネル別に分類されています。世界のDirect Air Capture（DACまたはDACCS）市場に参加するプレイヤー、ステークホルダー、その他の参加者は、このレポートを強力なリソースとして利用することで、優位に立つことができるでしょう。セグメント分析では、2019年から2050年までの地域別、国別、企業別、タイプ別、アプリケーション別、キャプチャー容量チャンネル別のキャプチャー容量、収益、予測に焦点を当てています。
会社別
カーボン・エンジニアリング
クライムワークス
Global Thermostat（グローバルサーモスタット
タイプ別
液体媒体への物理的吸着
固体媒体への吸着
アプリケーション別セグメント
食品・飲料
温室
エネルギー・燃料など
地域別
北アメリカ
米国
カナダ
アジア太平洋地域
中国
日本
韓国
インド
東南アジア
その他のアジア太平洋地域
ヨーロッパ
スイス
アイスランド
イタリア
その他のヨーロッパ
ラテンアメリカ
メキシコ
ブラジル
その他のラテンアメリカ
中近東・アフリカ
中近東
アフリカ

ページTOPに戻る


目次


1 STUDY COVERAGE 1
1.1 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Product Introduction 1
1.2 Market by Type 2
1.2.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2
1.2.2 Physical Absorption in Liquid Media 3
1.2.3 Adsorption on Solid Media 3
1.3 Market by Application 3
1.4 Study Objectives 5
1.5 Years Considered 6
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7
2.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts 7
2.2 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size by Region: 2019 Versus 2021 Versus 2050 8
2.3 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Region: 2019-2024 9
2.4 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Forecast by Region (2025-2050) 10
2.5 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Market Share by Region (2019-2050) 12
3 GLOBAL DIRECT AIR CAPTURE (DAC OR DACCS) BY PLAYERS 13
3.1 Global Top Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Players by Capture Capacity 13
3.1.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Manufacturer (2019-2021) 13
3.1.2 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Market Share by Manufacturer (2019-2021) 14
3.2 Players Covered: Ranking by Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity 15
3.3 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Key Players Head office and Area Served 15
3.4 Key Players Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Product Solution and Service 16
3.5 Established Date of Leading Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Players 16
4 COMPANY PROFILES 17
4.1 Carbon Engineering 17
4.1.1 Carbon Engineering Corporation Information 17
4.1.2 Carbon Engineering Description, Business Overview 17
4.1.3 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Products Offered 18
4.1.4 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity, Cost (2019-2021) 19
4.1.5 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Product 19
4.1.6 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 20
4.1.7 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Geographic Area 20
4.1.8 Carbon Engineering Recent Developments 20
4.2 ClimeWorks 23
4.2.1 ClimeWorks Corporation Information 23
4.2.2 ClimeWorks Description, Business Overview 24
4.2.3 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Products Offered 24
4.2.4 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity, Cost (2019-2021) 25
4.2.5 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Product 25
4.2.6 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 26
4.2.7 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Geographic Area 26
4.2.8 ClimeWorks Recent Developments 26
4.3 Global Thermostat 28
4.3.1 Global Thermostat Corporation Information 28
4.3.2 Global Thermostat Description, Business Overview 28
4.3.3 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Products Offered 29
4.3.4 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity, Cost (2019-2021) 30
4.3.5 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Product 30
4.3.6 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 30
4.3.7 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Geographic Area 31
4.3.8 Global Thermostat Recent Developments 31
5 BREAKDOWN DATA BY TYPE 34
5.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Type (2019-2024) 34
5.2 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Forecast by Type (2025-2050) 35
5.3 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Market Share by Type (2019-2050) 37
6 BREAKDOWN DATA BY APPLICATION 38
6.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application (2019-2024) 38
6.2 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Forecast by Application (2025-2050) 39
6.3 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Market Share by Application (2019-2050) 41
7 NORTH AMERICA 42
7.1 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 42
7.2 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Country 43
7.2.1 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2019-2024) 43
7.2.2 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2025-2050) 44
7.2.3 United States 46
7.2.4 Canada 47
7.3 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Type 47
7.4 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 49
8 ASIA-PACIFIC 51
8.1 Asia-Pacific Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 51
8.2 Asia-Pacific Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Region 52
8.2.1 Asia-Pacific Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2025-2050) 52
8.2.2 China 54
8.2.3 Japan 55
8.2.4 South Korea 56
8.2.5 Southeast Asia 57
8.2.6 India 58
9 EUROPE 59
9.1 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 59
9.2 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Country 60
9.2.1 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2019-2024) 60
9.2.2 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2025-2050) 61
9.2.3 Switzerland 63
9.2.4 Iceland 64
9.2.5 Italy 65
9.3 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Type 65
9.4 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 67
10 LATIN AMERICA 69
10.1 Latin America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 69
10.2 Latin America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Country 70
10.2.1 Latin America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2024-2050) 70
10.2.2 Mexico 72
10.2.3 Brazil 73
11 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 74
11.1 Latin America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 74
11.2 Middle East and Africa Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Country 75
11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2024-2050) 75
11.2.2 Middle East 77
11.2.3 Africa 78
12 SUPPLY CHAIN AND CAPTURE CAPACITY TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 79
12.1 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Supply Chain Analysis 79
12.2 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Key Raw Materials and Upstream Suppliers 80
12.3 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Clients Analysis 82
12.4 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Technology Analysis 83
13 DIRECT AIR CAPTURE (DAC OR DACCS) INDUSTRY DYNAMIC 85
13.1 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Trends 85
13.2 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Drivers 86
13.3 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Challenges 86
13.4 Advantages and Challenges of the Various Carbon Capture Technologies 87
14 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION 88
15 APPENDIX 89
15.1 Research Methodology 89
15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 89
15.1.2 Data Source 92
15.2 Author Details 95
15.3 Disclaimer 95

　

ページTOPに戻る


　

Summary

Market Analysis and Insights: Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market
In 2021, the global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) market size is estimated to reach 14.37 K MT, and it will reach 940 million MT in 2050, growing at CAGR of 46.57% between 2021 and 2050.
Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Scope and Market Size
Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) market is segmented by region, by country, by company, by Type, by Application and by Capture Capacity channels. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. The segmental analysis focuses on Capture Capacity, revenue and forecast by region, by country, company, type, application and by Capture Capacity channels for the period 2019-2050.
By Company
Carbon Engineering
ClimeWorks
Global Thermostat
Segment by Type
Physical Absorption in Liquid Media
Adsorption on Solid Media
Segment by Application
Food and Beverage
Greenhouse
Energy, Fuel, etc.
By Region
North America
United States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Rest of Asia-Pacific
Europe
Switzerland
Iceland
Italy
Rest of Europe
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
Middle East
Africa



ページTOPに戻る


Table of Contents


1 STUDY COVERAGE 1
1.1 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Product Introduction 1
1.2 Market by Type 2
1.2.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2
1.2.2 Physical Absorption in Liquid Media 3
1.2.3 Adsorption on Solid Media 3
1.3 Market by Application 3
1.4 Study Objectives 5
1.5 Years Considered 6
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7
2.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts 7
2.2 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size by Region: 2019 Versus 2021 Versus 2050 8
2.3 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Region: 2019-2024 9
2.4 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Forecast by Region (2025-2050) 10
2.5 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Market Share by Region (2019-2050) 12
3 GLOBAL DIRECT AIR CAPTURE (DAC OR DACCS) BY PLAYERS 13
3.1 Global Top Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Players by Capture Capacity 13
3.1.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Manufacturer (2019-2021) 13
3.1.2 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Market Share by Manufacturer (2019-2021) 14
3.2 Players Covered: Ranking by Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity 15
3.3 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Key Players Head office and Area Served 15
3.4 Key Players Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Product Solution and Service 16
3.5 Established Date of Leading Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Players 16
4 COMPANY PROFILES 17
4.1 Carbon Engineering 17
4.1.1 Carbon Engineering Corporation Information 17
4.1.2 Carbon Engineering Description, Business Overview 17
4.1.3 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Products Offered 18
4.1.4 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity, Cost (2019-2021) 19
4.1.5 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Product 19
4.1.6 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 20
4.1.7 Carbon Engineering Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Geographic Area 20
4.1.8 Carbon Engineering Recent Developments 20
4.2 ClimeWorks 23
4.2.1 ClimeWorks Corporation Information 23
4.2.2 ClimeWorks Description, Business Overview 24
4.2.3 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Products Offered 24
4.2.4 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity, Cost (2019-2021) 25
4.2.5 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Product 25
4.2.6 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 26
4.2.7 ClimeWorks Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Geographic Area 26
4.2.8 ClimeWorks Recent Developments 26
4.3 Global Thermostat 28
4.3.1 Global Thermostat Corporation Information 28
4.3.2 Global Thermostat Description, Business Overview 28
4.3.3 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Products Offered 29
4.3.4 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity, Cost (2019-2021) 30
4.3.5 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Product 30
4.3.6 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 30
4.3.7 Global Thermostat Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Geographic Area 31
4.3.8 Global Thermostat Recent Developments 31
5 BREAKDOWN DATA BY TYPE 34
5.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Type (2019-2024) 34
5.2 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Forecast by Type (2025-2050) 35
5.3 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Market Share by Type (2019-2050) 37
6 BREAKDOWN DATA BY APPLICATION 38
6.1 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application (2019-2024) 38
6.2 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Forecast by Application (2025-2050) 39
6.3 Global Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity Market Share by Application (2019-2050) 41
7 NORTH AMERICA 42
7.1 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 42
7.2 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Country 43
7.2.1 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2019-2024) 43
7.2.2 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2025-2050) 44
7.2.3 United States 46
7.2.4 Canada 47
7.3 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Type 47
7.4 North America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 49
8 ASIA-PACIFIC 51
8.1 Asia-Pacific Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 51
8.2 Asia-Pacific Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Region 52
8.2.1 Asia-Pacific Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2025-2050) 52
8.2.2 China 54
8.2.3 Japan 55
8.2.4 South Korea 56
8.2.5 Southeast Asia 57
8.2.6 India 58
9 EUROPE 59
9.1 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 59
9.2 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Country 60
9.2.1 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2019-2024) 60
9.2.2 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2025-2050) 61
9.2.3 Switzerland 63
9.2.4 Iceland 64
9.2.5 Italy 65
9.3 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Type 65
9.4 Europe Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Application 67
10 LATIN AMERICA 69
10.1 Latin America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 69
10.2 Latin America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Country 70
10.2.1 Latin America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2024-2050) 70
10.2.2 Mexico 72
10.2.3 Brazil 73
11 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 74
11.1 Latin America Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Size YoY Growth 2019-2050 74
11.2 Middle East and Africa Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Facts & Figures by Country 75
11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Capture Capacity by Country (2024-2050) 75
11.2.2 Middle East 77
11.2.3 Africa 78
12 SUPPLY CHAIN AND CAPTURE CAPACITY TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 79
12.1 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Supply Chain Analysis 79
12.2 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Key Raw Materials and Upstream Suppliers 80
12.3 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Clients Analysis 82
12.4 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Technology Analysis 83
13 DIRECT AIR CAPTURE (DAC OR DACCS) INDUSTRY DYNAMIC 85
13.1 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Trends 85
13.2 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Drivers 86
13.3 Direct Air Capture (DAC or DACCS) Market Challenges 86
13.4 Advantages and Challenges of the Various Carbon Capture Technologies 87
14 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION 88
15 APPENDIX 89
15.1 Research Methodology 89
15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 89
15.1.2 Data Source 92
15.2 Author Details 95
15.3 Disclaimer 95

　

ページTOPに戻る

ご注文は、お電話またはWEBから承ります。お見積もりの作成もお気軽にご相談ください。

webからのご注文・お問合せはこちらのフォームから承ります

本レポートと同分野（通信回線）の最新刊レポート

QYResearch社の通信回線分野での最新刊レポート

本レポートと同じKEY WORD（channel）の最新刊レポート


よくあるご質問


QYResearch社はどのような調査会社ですか?


QYリサーチ(QYResearch)は幅広い市場を対象に調査・レポート出版を行う、中国に本社をおく調査会社です。   QYResearchでは年間数百タイトルの調査レポートを出版しています。... もっと見る


調査レポートの納品までの日数はどの程度ですか?


在庫のあるものは速納となりますが、平均的には 3-４日と見て下さい。
但し、一部の調査レポートでは、発注を受けた段階で内容更新をして納品をする場合もあります。
発注をする前のお問合せをお願いします。


注文の手続きはどのようになっていますか?


1)お客様からの御問い合わせをいただきます。
2)見積書やサンプルの提示をいたします。
3)お客様指定、もしくは弊社の発注書をメール添付にて発送してください。
4)データリソース社からレポート発行元の調査会社へ納品手配します。
5) 調査会社からお客様へ納品されます。最近は、pdfにてのメール納品が大半です。


お支払方法の方法はどのようになっていますか?


納品と同時にデータリソース社よりお客様へ請求書（必要に応じて納品書も）を発送いたします。
お客様よりデータリソース社へ（通常は円払い）の御振り込みをお願いします。
請求書は、納品日の日付で発行しますので、翌月最終営業日までの当社指定口座への振込みをお願いします。振込み手数料は御社負担にてお願いします。
お客様の御支払い条件が60日以上の場合は御相談ください。
尚、初めてのお取引先や個人の場合、前払いをお願いすることもあります。ご了承のほど、お願いします。


データリソース社はどのような会社ですか?


当社は、世界各国の主要調査会社・レポート出版社と提携し、世界各国の市場調査レポートや技術動向レポートなどを日本国内の企業・公官庁及び教育研究機関に提供しております。
世界各国の「市場・技術・法規制などの」実情を調査・収集される時には、データリソース社にご相談ください。
お客様の御要望にあったデータや情報を抽出する為のレポート紹介や調査のアドバイスも致します。



詳細検索

このレポートへのお問合せ

お問合せはこちらから

03-3582-2531

電話お問合せもお気軽に

 

2024/11/20　10:26

155.91 円

165.77 円

200.60 円

ページTOPに戻る

株式会社 データリソース　Data Resources, Inc.
東京都港区赤坂1-14-5　アークヒルズエグゼクティブタワー N313

電話：03-3582-2531
FAX：03-3582-2861
Eメール：office@dri.co.jp

FAQ サイトマップ プライバシーポリシー お問合せ

関連会社:
株式会社ユーディーアール

COPYRIGHT(C) 2011-2023　DATA RESOURCES, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.