サマリー

囲炉裏の世界市場は、2021年に93億米ドル、2027年には148億米ドルに達すると予測され、予測期間中にCAGR7.7％を記録しています。囲炉裏製品の需要増は、美観に優れた暖炉の需要増、ホームオートメーションの需要増、寒冷地対策として住宅内や周辺での囲炉裏の採用が進んでいることも要因として挙げられます。

同様に、接客業における囲炉裏製品の需要の高まりは、囲炉裏市場に有利な機会を提供することが期待されます。


「室内用囲炉裏。囲炉裏市場の最速成長セグメント "
室内の囲炉裏は、秋から冬にかけての肌寒い夜に大きな暖かさを提供してくれます。室内用暖炉の多くは薪や木材をほとんど必要としないため、暖房費の削減にもつながります。また、全体の雰囲気に魅力的な装飾を施すことができるため、室内空間のインテリアとしても最適です。これらの囲炉裏は、さまざまな技術と統合されており、様々な形や大きさで来る。囲炉裏の加熱効率以外にも、全体的な美的価値や電力消費のメリットもエンドユーザーに評価されています。最近では、室内用囲炉裏の需要が高まっています。デザイン、燃料（薪、ガス、電気、ペレット）、コスト、付属品など、さまざまなタイプの室内用囲炉裏を簡単に入手できることが、さらに室内用囲炉裏の普及を後押ししています。


「モダンな囲炉裏。囲炉裏市場で最も成長しているデザインセグメント"
モダンな囲炉裏のセグメントは、予測期間中に最も高いCAGRで成長すると予測されています。モダンな囲炉裏は、より良い燃費と低排出率をサポートするために、リモートコントロールと最新技術が装備されています。また、最新の囲炉裏は従来の囲炉裏に比べてメンテナンスと運用コストが低く、成長を促進することが期待されます。最新の囲炉裏は、規制機関が発行するガイドラインに対応できるよう、より優れた設備を備えています。また、燃料効率やコスト効率も比較的優れています。現代の囲炉裏のデザインは、視覚的・審美的な魅力、低いメンテナンスコスト、エネルギー効率により絶大な人気を博しています。これらの特徴が、囲炉裏の市場成長を促進するものと期待されています。


"北米2021年の囲炉裏市場において最大の地域"
北米は、2021年の囲炉裏市場の〜64％の最大シェアを占めています。この地域の市場成長は、HNI Corporation、Glen Dimplex、Napoleon、Travis Industries (Axis Industrial Holding Inc.)、HPC Fire Inspiredなどの主要な竈メーカーの強い存在感によって主に上昇しています。これらのプレイヤーは、有機的および無機的な成長に焦点を当て、費用対効果の高い運用と環境効率の高い燃料モードを備えた囲炉裏製品を提供することで、世界の囲炉裏市場を支配しています。また、寒冷な気候や、美観と住宅装飾の需要の増加が、同地域における囲炉裏市場の成長を促す主な要因となっています。

プライマリーの内訳
本調査には、部品サプライヤーからティア1企業、OEMに至るまで、様々な業界専門家による洞察が含まれています。プライマリーの内訳は以下の通りです。

- 企業タイプ別 - ティア1 10%、ティア2 20%、ティア3 - 70
- 役職別：Cレベル40％、管理職30％、その他30
- 地域別：北米40％、アジア太平洋35％、欧州15％、RoW10％。

囲炉裏市場は、HNI Corporation（米国）、Glen Dimplex（アイルランド）、Napoleon（カナダ）、Travis Industries（AXIS Industrial Holdings, Inc）（米国）、HPC Fire Inspired（米国）などの少数の世界的に確立したプレーヤーによって支配されています。本調査では、これら囲炉裏市場の主要企業の会社概要、最近の開発状況、主要な市場戦略など、詳細な競合分析を行っています。

調査対象範囲
地域（アジア太平洋、欧州、北米、RoW）、製品（暖炉、ストーブ、インサート）、燃料タイプ（木、ガス、電気、ペレット）、設置場所（屋内炉、屋外炉、携帯炉）、デザイン（伝統炉、モダン炉）に基づき、竈市場を区分し、金額でその規模を予測するものです。点火方式(電子点火、パイロット点火)、換気口の有無(換気式囲炉裏、非換気式囲炉裏)、用途(住宅、商業、ホスピタリティ、施設)、暖炉タイプ(単面暖炉、多面暖炉)、材質(レンガ、御影石、大理石、石、スレート、砕石タイル)など。また、囲炉裏市場における市場促進要因、阻害要因、機会、課題についても包括的にレビューしています。また、これらの市場の量的側面に加え、質的側面もカバーしています。

レポート購入の主なメリット
本レポートは、この市場のリーダー/新規参入者に、市場全体とサブセグメントの収益数値の最も近い概算に関する情報を提供するのに役立ちます。本レポートは、利害関係者が競争環境を理解し、より良いビジネスの位置づけと適切な市場参入戦略を計画するためのより多くの洞察を得るのに役立ちます。また、本レポートは、利害関係者が囲炉裏市場の鼓動を理解するのに役立ち、主要な市場促進要因、阻害要因、課題、機会に関する情報を提供します。

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目次

1 INTRODUCTION 27
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 27
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 27
1.2.1 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 28
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 29
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 29
FIGURE 1 HEARTH MARKET SEGMENTATION 29
1.3.2 GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE 30
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 30
1.4 CURRENCY 31
1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED 31
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 31
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 31
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 33
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 33
FIGURE 2 HEARTH MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 33
2.1.1 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH 35
2.1.2 SECONDARY DATA 36
2.1.2.1 List of key secondary sources 36
2.1.2.2 Key data from secondary sources 36
2.1.3 PRIMARY DATA 37
2.1.3.1 List of key primary interview participants 37
2.1.3.2 Breakdown of primaries 37
FIGURE 3 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARIES 37
2.1.3.3 Key data from primary sources 38
2.1.3.4 Key industry insights 39
2.2 FACTOR ANALYSIS 39
2.2.1 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS 39
FIGURE 4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 1 (SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS) – REVENUES GENERATED BY COMPANIES FROM SALES OF PRODUCTS OFFERED IN HEARTH MARKET 39
2.2.2 DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS 40
FIGURE 5 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 2 (DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS) 40
2.3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 41
FIGURE 6 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS 41
2.3.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 41
2.3.1.1 Approach for obtaining market share using bottom-up analysis (demand side) 42
FIGURE 7 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 42
2.3.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 42
2.3.2.1 Approach for obtaining market share using top-down analysis
(supply side) 42
FIGURE 8 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 43
2.3.3 GROWTH PROJECTION AND FORECASTING ASSUMPTIONS 43
TABLE 1 MARKET GROWTH ASSUMPTIONS 43
2.4 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 44
FIGURE 9 HEARTH MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION 44
2.5 ASSUMPTIONS 45
TABLE 2 KEY ASSUMPTIONS: MACRO AND MICRO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 45
2.6 LIMITATIONS 46
2.7 RISK ASSESSMENT 46
TABLE 3 RISK ASSESSMENT: HEARTH MARKET 46
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 47
FIGURE 10 GROWTH PROJECTION OF HEARTH MARKET IN REALISTIC SCENARIO 47
FIGURE 11 INSERTS TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF HEARTH MARKET IN 2027 48
FIGURE 12 ELECTRICITY FUEL TYPE PROJECTED TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 48
FIGURE 13 RESIDENTIAL SEGMENT EXPECTED TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF
HEARTH MARKET IN 2027 49
FIGURE 14 NORTH AMERICA TO LEAD HEARTH MARKET FROM 2022 TO 2027 50
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 51
4.1 ATTRACTIVE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN HEARTH MARKET 51
FIGURE 15 GROWING ADOPTION OF HEARTHS IN AND AROUND HOUSES TO COUNTER FRIGID WEATHER DRIVES MARKET GROWTH 51
4.2 HEARTH MARKET, BY VENT AVAILABILITY 51
FIGURE 16 VENTED HEARTHS TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF HEARTH MARKET FROM 2022 TO 2027 51
4.3 HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT 52
FIGURE 17 INDOOR HEARTHS TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF HEARTH MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 52
4.4 HEARTH MARKET, BY IGNITION TYPE 52
FIGURE 18 ELECTRONIC IGNITION TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF HEARTH MARKET IN 2022 52
4.5 HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION 53
FIGURE 19 RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF HEARTH MARKET IN 2022 53
4.6 HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION 53
FIGURE 20 NORTH AMERICA TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF HEARTH MARKET IN 2027 53
4.7 HEARTH MARKET, BY COUNTRY 54
FIGURE 21 CHINA TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGR IN OVERALL HEARTH MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 54
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 55
5.1 INTRODUCTION 55
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 55
FIGURE 22 HEARTH MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES 55
5.2.1 DRIVERS 56
5.2.1.1 Increasing demand for home automation 56
FIGURE 23 HOME AUTOMATION GROWTH IN NORTH AMERICA, 2016–2021 56
5.2.1.2 Increasing demand for esthetically appealing fireplaces 57
5.2.1.3 Growing adoption of hearths in and around houses to counter frigid weather 57
5.2.1.4 Availability of numerous customized hearth designs 57
FIGURE 24 HEARTH MARKET DRIVERS AND THEIR IMPACT 58
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 58
5.2.2.1 High installation and maintenance costs of hearths/fireplaces 58
FIGURE 25 HEARTH MARKET RESTRAINTS AND THEIR IMPACT 59
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 59
5.2.3.1 Growing demand for hearth products in hospitality industry 59
5.2.3.2 Replacing aging space heating equipment 59
FIGURE 26 HEARTH MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND THEIR IMPACT 60
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 60
5.2.4.1 Strict government regulations pertaining to environmental protection 60
FIGURE 27 HEARTH MARKET CHALLENGES AND THEIR IMPACT 61
5.3 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 61
FIGURE 28 SUPPLY CHAIN OF HEARTH MARKET 61
5.3.1 REVENUE SHIFT AND NEW REVENUE POCKETS FOR PLAYERS IN
HEARTH MARKET 62
FIGURE 29 REVENUE SHIFT IN HEARTH MARKET 62
5.4 HEARTH MARKET ECOSYSTEM 63
FIGURE 30 ECOSYSTEM OF HEARTH MARKET 63
TABLE 4 LIST OF HEARTH PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS 63
5.5 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 64
5.5.1 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN HEARTH MARKET 64
5.6 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 65
TABLE 5 HEARTH MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 65
FIGURE 31 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 66
5.6.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 66
5.6.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 67
5.6.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 67
5.6.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 67
5.6.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 67
 
5.7 CASE STUDY 68
5.7.1 FLOATING HEARTH 68
5.7.2 USE OF MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS TO ACHIEVE THEATRICAL FEEL 68
5.7.3 HEALING ENVIRONMENT FOR PATIENTS 68
5.8 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE ANALYSIS 69
5.8.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF HEARTH PRODUCTS BY KEY PLAYERS,
BY FUEL TYPE 69
FIGURE 32 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF KEY PLAYERS, BY FUEL TYPE 69
TABLE 6 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF HEARTH PRODUCTS BY KEY PLAYERS,
BY FUEL TYPE (USD) 69
5.8.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND 70
TABLE 7 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF HEARTH PRODUCTS, BY FUEL TYPE (USD) 70
FIGURE 33 AVERAGE PRICE: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE 70
5.9 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 71
5.9.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 71
FIGURE 34 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS 71
TABLE 8 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR TOP THREE APPLICATIONS (%) 71
5.9.2 BUYING CRITERIA 72
FIGURE 35 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP 3 APPLICATIONS 72
TABLE 9 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP 3 APPLICATIONS 72
5.10 TRADE ANALYSIS 73
5.10.1 IMPORT SCENARIO 73
TABLE 10 IMPORT DATA, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2021 (USD MILLION) 73
5.10.2 EXPORT SCENARIO 74
TABLE 11 EXPORT DATA, BY COUNTRY, 2017–2021 (USD MILLION) 74
5.11 PATENT ANALYSIS, 2012–2021 75
FIGURE 36 NUMBER OF PATENTS GRANTED FOR HEARTH MARKET, 2012–2021 75
FIGURE 37 REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF PATENTS GRANTED FOR HEARTH MARKET, 2021 75
TABLE 12 LIST OF PATENTS IN HEARTH MARKET, 2020–2021 76
5.12 KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS, 2022–2023 78
TABLE 13 HEARTH MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF CONFERENCES & EVENTS 78
5.13 TARIFFS AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 79
TABLE 14 CODES AND STANDARDS RELATED TO HEARTH MARKET 79
5.14 REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR MASONRY FIREPLACES AND CHIMNEYS 80
TABLE 15 SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR MASONRY FIREPLACES AND CHIMNEYS 80
 
6 HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT 81
6.1 INTRODUCTION 82
FIGURE 38 INSERTS PROJECTED TO GROW AT HIGHER CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 82
TABLE 16 HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 82
TABLE 17 HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 82
6.2 FIREPLACES 83
6.2.1 FIREPLACES ARE STRUCTURES TO COOK OR GET LIGHT AND HEAT 83
TABLE 18 FIREPLACES: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 83
TABLE 19 FIREPLACES: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 83
6.3 STOVES 84
6.3.1 MODERN WOOD STOVES ARE CLEAN AND EFFICIENT WITH SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS 84
TABLE 20 STOVES: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 84
TABLE 21 STOVES: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 84
6.4 INSERTS 85
6.4.1 INSERTS CAN BE POWERED BY GAS, PROPANE, ELECTRICITY,
PELLET, WOOD, AND COAL 85
TABLE 22 INSERTS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 85
TABLE 23 INSERTS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 86
7 HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE 87
7.1 INTRODUCTION 88
FIGURE 39 ELECTRICITY FUEL TYPE PROJECTED TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2027 88
TABLE 24 HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 88
TABLE 25 HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 88
TABLE 26 HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2018–2021 (THOUSAND UNITS) 89
TABLE 27 HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022–2027 (THOUSAND UNITS) 89
7.2 WOOD 89
7.2.1 WOOD IS COMPATIBLE FOR USE IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR HEARTHS 89
TABLE 28 WOOD: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 90
TABLE 29 WOOD: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 90
7.3 GAS 90
7.3.1 MODERN GAS HEARTHS ARE VISUALLY ATTRACTIVE AND EASY TO USE 90
TABLE 30 GAS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 91
TABLE 31 GAS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 91
7.4 ELECTRICITY 91
7.4.1 LOWER INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS OF ELECTRIC HEARTHS LIKELY TO ACCELERATE THEIR DEMAND 91
TABLE 32 ELECTRICITY: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 33 ELECTRICITY: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 92
 
7.5 PELLET 92
7.5.1 PELLET HEARTHS CAN BURN VARIETY OF MATERIALS, INCLUDING
BY-PRODUCTS OF SAWMILLS 92
TABLE 34 PELLET: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 93
TABLE 35 PELLET: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 93
8 HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT 94
8.1 INTRODUCTION 95
FIGURE 40 INDOOR HEARTHS PROJECTED TO OCCUPY LARGEST MARKET
SHARE IN 2027 95
TABLE 36 HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 95
TABLE 37 HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 95
8.2 INDOOR HEARTHS 96
8.2.1 INDOOR HEARTHS ARE INTEGRATED WITH DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES AND COME IN VARIED SHAPES AND SIZES 96
TABLE 38 INDOOR HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 96
TABLE 39 INDOOR HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 97
8.3 OUTDOOR HEARTHS 97
8.3.1 OUTDOOR HEARTHS CONTRIBUTE TO ESTHETIC VALUE OF A PLACE 97
TABLE 40 OUTDOOR HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 41 OUTDOOR HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 97
8.4 PORTABLE HEARTHS 98
8.4.1 PORTABLE HEARTHS ARE FUEL-EFFICIENT AND AFFORDABLE 98
TABLE 42 PORTABLE HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 43 PORTABLE HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 98
9 HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN 99
9.1 INTRODUCTION 100
FIGURE 41 MODERN HEARTHS EXPECTED TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR BETWEEN 2022 AND 2027 100
TABLE 44 HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 45 HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 100
9.2 TRADITIONAL HEARTHS 101
9.2.1 DIFFICULTY IN SWEEPING CHIMNEYS INCREASE MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL COSTS 101
TABLE 46 TRADITIONAL HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 47 TRADITIONAL HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 102
 
9.3 MODERN HEARTHS 102
9.3.1 MODERN HEARTHS EMIT ALMOST ZERO CARBON DIOXIDE AND
CARBON MONOXIDE 102
TABLE 48 MODERN HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 103
TABLE 49 MODERN HEARTHS: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 103
9.3.2 SENSORS 103
9.3.3 BURNERS 103
9.3.4 REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEMS 104
9.3.5 VALVE KITS 104
9.3.6 OTHER COMPONENTS 104
10 HEARTH MARKET, BY IGNITION TYPE 105
10.1 INTRODUCTION 106
FIGURE 42 ELECTRONIC IGNITION EXPECTED TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR BETWEEN 2022 AND 2027 106
TABLE 50 HEARTH MARKET, BY IGNITION TYPE, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 106
TABLE 51 HEARTH MARKET, BY IGNITION TYPE, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 106
10.2 ELECTRONIC IGNITION 107
10.2.1 ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEMS REQUIRE LOW POWER INPUT TO WORK 107
10.2.2 INTERMITTENT PILOT IGNITION (IPI) 107
10.2.2.1 IPI helps control hearth systems and increases overall energy efficiency 107
10.2.3 HOT SURFACE IGNITION 108
10.2.3.1 Hot surface ignition is considered more efficient and is more commonly used 108
10.3 STANDING PILOT IGNITION 108
10.3.1 MODERN STANDING PILOT IGNITION SYSTEMS COME WITH REMOTE CONTROL 108
11 HEARTH MARKET, BY VENT AVAILABILITY 109
11.1 INTRODUCTION 110
FIGURE 43 VENTED HEARTHS EXPECTED TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR
BETWEEN 2022 AND 2027 110
TABLE 52 HEARTH MARKET, BY VENT AVAILABILITY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 110
TABLE 53 HEARTH MARKET, BY VENT AVAILABILITY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 110
11.2 VENTED HEARTHS 111
11.2.1 DIRECT AND POWER VENTING ARE REPLACING TRADITIONAL
NATURAL DRAFT VENTING 111
11.3 UNVENTED HEARTHS 112
11.3.1 UNVENTED HEARTHS CONSIST OF ELECTRIC FIREPLACES OR INSERTS THAT DO NOT BURN GASES 112
 
12 HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION 113
12.1 INTRODUCTION 114
FIGURE 44 RESIDENTIAL SEGMENT PROJECTED TO HOLD LARGEST
MARKET SHARE IN 2027 114
TABLE 54 HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 55 HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 114
12.2 RESIDENTIAL 115
12.2.1 HEATING EFFICIENCY OF HEARTHS DRIVES MARKET FOR RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS 115
TABLE 56 RESIDENTIAL: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 115
TABLE 57 RESIDENTIAL: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 116
12.3 COMMERCIAL 116
12.3.1 HEARTHS IN COMMERCIAL SETTINGS CREATE A WARM AND INVITING ENVIRONMENT 116
TABLE 58 COMMERCIAL: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 59 COMMERCIAL: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 117
12.4 HOSPITALITY 117
12.4.1 HEARTHS ARE INSTALLED IN HOSPITALS TO PROVIDE STRESS-REDUCING ATMOSPHERE FOR PATIENTS 117
TABLE 60 HOSPITALITY: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 61 HOSPITALITY: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 118
12.5 INSTITUTIONAL 118
12.5.1 HEARTHS USED IN INSTITUTIONS PROVIDE A PEACEFUL AND COMFORTABLE AMBIENCE 118
TABLE 62 INSTITUTIONAL: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 63 INSTITUTIONAL: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 119
13 HEARTH MARKET, BY FIREPLACE TYPE 120
13.1 INTRODUCTION 120
13.2 SINGLE-SIDED 120
13.2.1 SINGLE-SIDED FIREPLACES PROVIDE CLEAR VIEWS AND BOLD FLAMES WHILE BEING COST-EFFICIENT 120
13.3 MULTI-SIDED 120
13.3.1 MULTI-SIDED FIREPLACES PROVIDE EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT BETWEEN SPACES 120
14 HEARTH MARKET, BY TYPE OF MATERIAL 121
14.1 INTRODUCTION 121
14.2 BRICKS 121
14.2.1 BRICKS ARE PRIMARILY USED IN FIREPLACE SURROUNDS 121
14.3 GRANITE 121
14.3.1 GRANITE BEING HIGHLY DURABLE IS COMMONLY USED IN FIREPLACES 121
 
14.4 MARBLE 121
14.4.1 HIGH HEAT RESISTANCE MAKES MARBLE SUITABLE FOR
USE WITH VARIETY OF FIREPLACES 121
14.5 STONES 122
14.5.1 LIMESTONE OFFERS DURABILITY AND HEAT TOLERANCE 122
14.6 CONCRETE 122
14.6.1 CONCRETE IS ONE OF THE MOST VERSATILE MATERIALS
FOR HEARTHS 122
14.7 SLATE 122
14.7.1 SLATE OFFERS HIGH DURABILITY, ATTRACTIVE DESIGN,
AND EASE OF CLEANING 122
14.8 QUARRY TILES 122
14.8.1 QUARRY TILES HELP CREATE TRADITIONAL LOOK FOR
FIREPLACES 122
15 GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 123
15.1 INTRODUCTION 124
FIGURE 45 NORTH AMERICA PROJECTED TO OCCUPY LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2027 124
TABLE 64 HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 65 HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 124
15.2 NORTH AMERICA 125
15.2.1 DUE TO COLD CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, HEATING DEVICES ARE WIDELY USED THROUGHOUT NORTH AMERICA 125
FIGURE 46 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET SNAPSHOT 126
TABLE 66 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 67 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 68 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 69 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 70 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 71 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 72 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 73 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 74 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 75 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 76 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE,
2018–2021 (THOUSAND UNITS) 129
TABLE 77 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE,
2022–2027 (THOUSAND UNITS) 129
TABLE 78 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 79 NORTH AMERICA: HEARTH MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 130
15.2.2 US 130
15.2.2.1 Hearth products based on gas and electricity with newer technologies are being used increasingly 130
TABLE 80 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 81 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 82 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 131
TABLE 83 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 131
TABLE 84 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 131
TABLE 85 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 131
TABLE 86 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 87 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 88 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 89 US: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 132
15.2.3 CANADA 133
15.2.3.1 Canada witnessed slow adoption of hearth products due to various regulatory issues 133
15.2.4 MEXICO 133
15.2.4.1 Consumers are more inclined toward esthetic value of hearths than performance 133
15.3 EUROPE 134
FIGURE 47 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET SNAPSHOT 134
TABLE 90 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 91 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 92 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 93 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 94 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 95 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 96 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 97 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 98 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 99 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 100 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2018–2021 (THOUSAND UNITS) 137
TABLE 101 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022–2027 (THOUSAND UNITS) 137
TABLE 102 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 103 EUROPE: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 138
15.3.1 EU5 138
15.3.1.1 UK 138
15.3.1.1.1 Government regulations on air cleanliness influence hearth market 138
 
15.3.1.2 Germany 139
15.3.1.2.1 Rising air pollution has led to reduced adoption of wood-based hearth products 139
15.3.1.3 France 139
15.3.1.3.1 French citizens prefer fireplaces with classic and traditional designs 139
15.3.1.4 Italy 139
15.3.1.4.1 Hearths in Italy are famous due to their modern and contemporary designs 139
15.3.1.5 Spain 140
15.3.1.5.1 Spain is one of the fastest-growing markets for gas-based hearths in EU5 region 140
15.3.2 EASTERN EUROPE 140
15.3.2.1 Growing tourism expected to drive market 140
15.3.3 RUSSIA 140
15.3.3.1 Traditional European-style fireplaces are more prominent in Russia 140
15.3.4 REST OF EUROPE 140
15.4 ASIA PACIFIC 141
FIGURE 48 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET SNAPSHOT 141
TABLE 104 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 105 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 106 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 107 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 108 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 109 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 110 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 111 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 143
TABLE 112 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 113 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 114 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 115 ASIA PACIFIC: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 144
15.4.1 CHINA 145
15.4.1.1 China’s growing economy is expected to drive market for fireplace hearths 145
15.4.2 JAPAN 145
15.4.2.1 Japan adopts modern types of fireplaces that provide better fuel efficiency 145
15.4.3 SOUTHEAST ASIA 145
15.4.3.1 Financial stability of South Korea is likely to aid market growth 145
15.4.4 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 146
 
15.5 ROW 146
TABLE 116 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 117 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY PRODUCT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 118 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 119 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY DESIGN, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 120 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 121 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 122 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 123 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY PLACEMENT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 124 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 125 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 126 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 127 ROW: HEARTH MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 149
15.5.1 SOUTH AMERICA 149
15.5.1.1 Growing market for biomass pellets in Brazil is expected to drive hearth market 149
15.5.2 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 149
15.5.2.1 Growing tourism sector in Middle East expected to drive regional demand for hearths 149
16 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 150
16.1 OVERVIEW 150
16.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN 150
TABLE 128 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES DEPLOYED BY KEY HEARTH COMPANIES 150
16.2.1 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 151
16.2.2 REGIONAL FOCUS 151
16.2.3 MANUFACTURING FOOTPRINT 151
16.2.4 ORGANIC/INORGANIC STRATEGIES 151
16.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2021 152
TABLE 129 HEARTH MARKET: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS (2021) 152
16.4 5-YEAR COMPANY REVENUE ANALYSIS 153
FIGURE 49 5-YEAR REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP 5 PLAYERS
IN HEARTH MARKET, 2017–2021 153
16.5 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT 154
16.5.1 STARS 154
16.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS 154
16.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 154
16.5.4 PARTICIPANTS 154
FIGURE 50 HEARTH MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT, 2021 155
16.6 START-UPS/SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SME) EVALUATION MATRIX 156
TABLE 130 HEARTH MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY START-UPS/SMES 156
TABLE 131 START-UPS/SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
(SME) IN HEARTH MARKET 157
TABLE 132 HEARTH MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF
KEY START-UPS/SMES (PRODUCT FOOTPRINT) 158
TABLE 133 HEARTH MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF
KEY START-UPS/SMES (APPLICATION FOOTPRINT) 158
TABLE 134 HEARTH MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF
KEY START-UPS/SMES (REGION FOOTPRINT) 159
16.6.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 159
16.6.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 159
16.6.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 159
16.6.4 STARTING BLOCKS 159
FIGURE 51 START-UP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX 160
16.7 COMPANY FOOTPRINT 161
TABLE 135 COMPANY FOOTPRINT 161
TABLE 136 COMPANY-WISE PRODUCT FOOTPRINT 162
TABLE 137 COMPANY-WISE APPLICATION FOOTPRINT 163
TABLE 138 COMPANY-WISE REGION FOOTPRINT 164
16.8 COMPETITIVE SITUATIONS AND TRENDS 165
16.8.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES 165
TABLE 139 PRODUCT LAUNCHES, MARCH 2019–MAY 2022 165
16.8.2 DEALS 168
TABLE 140 DEALS, MARCH 2019–MAY 2022 168
17 COMPANY PROFILES 170
(Business Overview, Products/solutions/services Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View (Key strengths/Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, and Weaknesses and Competitive Threats))*
17.1 KEY PLAYERS 170
17.1.1 HNI CORPORATION 170
TABLE 141 HNI CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 170
FIGURE 52 HNI CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 171
TABLE 142 HNI CORPORATION: PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 171
TABLE 143 HNI CORPORATION: DEALS 173
17.1.2 GLEN DIMPLEX 175
TABLE 144 GLEN DIMPLEX: COMPANY OVERVIEW 175
TABLE 145 GLEN DIMPLEX: PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 175
TABLE 146 GLEN DIMPLEX: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 176
TABLE 147 GLEN DIMPLEX: DEALS 177
17.1.3 NAPOLEON 179
TABLE 148 NAPOLEON: COMPANY OVERVIEW 179
TABLE 149 NAPOLEON: PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 179
TABLE 150 NAPOLEON: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 181
17.1.4 TRAVIS INDUSTRIES (AXIS INDUSTRIAL HOLDINGS) 183
TABLE 151 TRAVIS INDUSTRIES (AXIS INDUSTRIAL HOLDINGS): COMPANY OVERVIEW 183
TABLE 152 TRAVIS INDUSTRIES (AXIS INDUSTRIAL HOLDINGS): PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 183
17.1.5 HPC FIRE INSPIRED 186
TABLE 153 HPC FIRE INSPIRED: COMPANY OVERVIEW 186
TABLE 154 HPC FIRE INSPIRED: PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 186
TABLE 155 HPC FIRE INSPIRED: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 187
TABLE 156 HPC FIRE INSPIRED: DEALS 187
17.1.6 MONTIGO 189
TABLE 157 MONTIGO: COMPANY OVERVIEW 189
TABLE 158 MONTIGO: PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 189
TABLE 159 MONTIGO: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 190
17.1.7 STOVE BUILDER INTERNATIONAL (SBI) 192
TABLE 160 STOVE BUILDER INTERNATIONAL (SBI): COMPANY OVERVIEW 192
TABLE 161 STOVE BUILDER INTERNATIONAL (SBI):
PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 192
TABLE 162 STOVE BUILDER INTERNATIONAL (SBI): PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 193
TABLE 163 STOVE BUILDER INTERNATIONAL (SBI): DEALS 193
17.1.8 INNOVATIVE HEARTH PRODUCTS 194
TABLE 164 INNOVATIVE HEARTH PRODUCTS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 194
TABLE 165 INNOVATIVE HEARTH PRODUCTS: PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 194
17.1.9 EMPIRE COMFORT SYSTEMS 196
TABLE 166 EMPIRE COMFORT SYSTEMS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 196
TABLE 167 EMPIRE COMFORT SYSTEMS: PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 196
TABLE 168 EMPIRE COMFORT SYSTEMS: DEALS 197
17.1.10 GHP GROUP INC 198
TABLE 169 GHP GROUP INC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 198
TABLE 170 GHP GROUP INC: PRODUCT/SOLUTION/SERVICE OFFERINGS 198
17.2 OTHER PLAYERS 199
17.2.1 HEARTHSTONE QUALITY HOME HEATING PRODUCTS INC. 199
TABLE 171 HEARTHSTONE QUALITY HOME HEATING PRODUCTS INC.:
COMPANY OVERVIEW 199
17.2.2 RH PETERSON CO. 200
TABLE 172 RH PETERSON CO.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
17.2.3 BFM EUROPE LTD 201
TABLE 173 BFM EUROPE LTD: COMPANY OVERVIEW 201
17.2.4 WILKENING FIREPLACE. 202
TABLE 174 WILKENING FIREPLACE.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 202
17.2.5 JOTUL AS 202
TABLE 175 JOTUL AS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 202
17.2.6 NORDPEIS 203
TABLE 176 NORDPEIS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 203
17.2.7 BOLEY 203
TABLE 177 BOLEY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 203
 
17.2.8 EUROPEAN HOME 204
TABLE 178 EUROPEAN HOME: COMPANY OVERVIEW 204
17.2.9 BARBAS BELLFIRES 204
TABLE 179 BARBAS BELLFIRES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 204
17.2.10 MENDOTA 205
TABLE 180 MENDOTA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 205
17.2.11 PACIFIC ENERGY 206
TABLE 181 PACIFIC ENERGY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 206
17.2.12 STELLAR HEARTH PRODUCTS 207
TABLE 182 STELLAR HEARTH PRODUCTS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 207
17.2.13 FPI FIREPLACE PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL LTD. 208
TABLE 183 FPI FIREPLACE PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 208
17.2.14 RASMUSSEN GAS LOGS 209
TABLE 184 RASMUSSEN GAS LOGS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 209
17.2.15 MELROY PLUMBING & HEATING, INC. 210
TABLE 185 MELROY PLUMBING & HEATING, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 210
*Details on Business Overview, Products/solutions/services Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View (Key strengths/Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, and Weaknesses and Competitive Threats) might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
18 APPENDIX 211
18.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 211
18.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 215
18.3 AVAILABLE CUSTOMIZATIONS 217
18.4 RELATED REPORTS 217
18.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 218