Summary

The global LED lighting market size reached US$ 83.2 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 178.0 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6% during 2024-2032. The growing demand for energy-efficient and cost-saving lighting solutions, rising environmental concerns among individuals across the globe, and favorable government initiatives to reduce emissions are some of the major factors propelling the market.

Light emitting diode (LED) lighting is a highly energy-efficient and long-lasting lighting technology. It is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. It is a cost-effective lighting solution that has lower carbon emissions and consumes less energy as compared to incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. It is also resistant to shock, vibration, and temperature fluctuations and provides improved durability. It produces directional light that allows for precise illumination without the need for additional reflectors or lenses. It assists in offering a long lifespan while reducing maintenance and replacement costs.

At present, the increasing adoption of LED lighting, as it offers enhanced color rendering that ensures accurate representation of colors, is impelling the growth of the market. Additionally, the growing employment of LED lighting due to the increasing demand for durable and long-lasting lighting solutions among the masses across the globe is offering a positive market outlook. Apart from this, the rising consumer preference for environmentally friendly products is offering lucrative growth opportunities to industry investors. In line with this, technological advancements in LED lighting to provide enhanced lighting quality, efficiency, and versatility are bolstering the growth of the market. Besides this, the rising employment of LED lighting on account of the increasing number of renovation and construction activities around the world is strengthening the growth of the market.

LED Lighting Market Trends/Drivers:
Rising demand for energy-efficient and cost-saving lighting solutions

There is a rise in the demand for energy-efficient and cost-effective lighting solutions among the masses around the world. LEDs convert a higher percentage of electrical energy into light, which saves a significant amount of energy. There is also an increase in the demand for LED lighting, as it assists in reducing electricity bills. In addition, LED lighting systems offer substantial long-term savings as compared to traditional lighting options. LED lighting has a longer lifespan that reduces the frequency of bulb replacements. Moreover, the energy efficiency of LED lighting aids in reducing electricity consumption and lowering utility bills over time. Various businesses are increasingly adopting LED lighting solutions to maintain a sustainable environment, which is contributing to the growth of the market.

Increasing environmental concerns among individuals

There is a rise in the adoption of LED lighting due to the increasing environmental awareness among the masses around the world. People are increasingly preferring sustainable lighting solutions that assist in reducing pollution in the environment. They are seeking eco-friendly alternatives to traditional lighting options. LED lighting does not contain hazardous substances, such as mercury, which is commonly found in fluorescent bulbs. In addition, LED is safer for both human health and the environment, which is positively influencing the market. Apart from this, the rising demand for energy-efficiency lighting, as it aids in lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is contributing to the growth of the market.

Favorable government initiatives

Governing agencies of various countries are encouraging the adoption of energy-efficient lighting solutions to curb pollution in the environment. They are implementing numerous policies and regulations to reduce emissions across the globe. In addition, they are also offering several incentives and subsidies and mandating energy efficiency standards, which is providing a positive market outlook. Various organizations are increasingly promoting energy efficiency measures to encourage the adoption of LED lighting. Governing authorities are also focusing on meeting energy efficiency targets and promoting a cleaner environment. Apart from this, LED lighting is gaining popularity due to the increasing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability.

Key Market Segmentation:
IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the global LED lighting market report, along with forecasts at the global and regional levels from 2024-2032. Our report has categorized the market based on application.

Breakup by Application:

Retrofit
Retail and Hospitality
Outdoor
Offices
Architectural
Homes
Industrial

Retrofit represents the largest market segment

The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the application. This includes retrofit, retail and hospitality, outdoor, offices, architectural, homes, and industrial. According to the report, retrofit represented the largest segment.

Retrofit application refers to the replacement of existing lighting fixtures with LED lighting solutions. It comprises residential, commercial, and industrial retrofit projects wherein traditional lighting technologies, such as incandescent, fluorescent, and halogen bulbs, are replaced with energy-efficient LED alternatives. In addition, retrofitting offers a cost-effective way to upgrade lighting systems without changing the entire infrastructure.

There is a rise in the employment of LED lighting in retail and hospitality applications, such as supermarkets, shopping malls, stores, hotels, and restaurants, to enhance product visibility, improve color rendering, and create appealing lighting environments for showcasing merchandise is propelling the market growth. Moreover, LED lighting is widely adopted in entertainment venues to highlight architectural features and enhance guest experiences.

The outdoor lighting segment comprises a wide range of applications, such as street lighting, parking lots, stadiums, and public spaces. In line with this, LED streetlights are increasingly replacing traditional high-pressure sodium or mercury vapor lamps in urban and rural areas due to their energy-saving potential and improved lighting quality. Additionally, the rising utilization of LED lighting outdoors for providing enhanced aesthetics, safety, and efficiency is bolstering the market growth.

Offices require adequate lighting for optimal productivity, comfort, and the well-being of employees. LED lighting offers an enhanced light distribution, reduced glare, and creates a more pleasant and conducive work environment. LED lighting systems can be easily integrated with smart controls and lighting management systems that allow precise control of lighting levels and scheduling and dimming options.

Breakup by Region:

India
China
Europe
Japan
Brazil
Russia
United States

China exhibits a clear dominance, accounting for the largest LED lighting market share

The report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of all the major regional markets, which include India, China, Europe, United States, Japan, Brazil, and Russia. According to the report, China accounted for the largest market share.

China held the biggest market share, as it is the manufacturing powerhouse for the LED lighting industry. In addition, rising technological advancements in LED lighting for improved efficiency are propelling the growth of the market. Apart from this, governing agencies in the country is rapidly promoting the adoption of LED lighting by offering various incentives and subsidies, which is supporting the growth of the market. Additionally, the growing demand for LED lighting in residential areas is positively influencing the market in China.

The United States is estimated to expand further in this domain, owing to the increasing number of infrastructure projects. In line with this, the rising awareness about energy conservation among individuals in the country is bolstering the growth of the market. Furthermore, the increasing demand for LED lighting due to favorable government initiatives is contributing to the growth of the market.

Competitive Landscape:
Key players are focusing on improving energy efficiency, lifespan, brightness, color accuracy, and functionality of LED lighting solutions. They are also offering a wide range of LED lighting in different shapes, sizes, color temperatures, and smart lighting features to cater to the diverse needs of customers. Apart from this, major manufacturers are developing specialized lighting solutions, such as retrofitting LED bulbs, downlights, spotlights, linear fixtures, high-bay lights, and streetlights, for residential, commercial, industrial, and outdoor environments. In line with this, many companies are participating in energy efficiency certification programs and adhering to industry standards to showcase eco-friendly and energy-efficient products. Furthermore, they are optimizing manufacturing processes and supply chain management to reduce the production costs of LEDs.

The report has provided a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape in the market. Detailed profiles of all major companies have also been provided. Some of the key players in the market include:

Nichia Corporation
Everlight Electronics
LG Innotek
OSRAM GmbH (ams OSRAM AG)
Samsung Electronics

Recent Developments:
In November 2018, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. announced new horticulture LED lineups, such as full-spectrum packages and modules and color (monochromatic) LEDs that reduce lighting costs and enhance plant cultivation.
In December 2021, Signify announced the agreement with OSRAM to acquire Austin, which will strengthen the global agriculture lighting growth platform and extend their position in the attractive North American horticultural lighting market.
In January 2023, Nichia Corporation and Infineon Technologies AG announced the launch of the industry’s first fully integrated micro-LED (hereinafter µPLS light engine) light engine for high-definition (HD) adaptive driving beam applications.

Key Questions Answered in This Report

1. What was the size of the global LED lighting market in 2023?
2. What is the expected growth rate of the global LED lighting market during 2024-2032?
3. What are the key factors driving the global LED lighting market?
4. What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global LED lighting market?
5. What is the breakup of the global LED lighting market based on the application?
6. What are the key regions in the global LED lighting market?
7. Who are the key players/companies in the global LED lighting market?

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Table of Contents

1 Preface
2 Scope and Methodology
2.1 Objectives of the Study
2.2 Stakeholders
2.3 Data Sources
2.3.1 Primary Sources
2.3.2 Secondary Sources
2.4 Market Estimation
2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
2.5 Forecasting Methodology
3 Executive Summary
4 Introduction
4.1 Overview
4.2 Key Industry Trends
5 Global Lighting Market
5.1 Market Overview
5.2 Market Performance
5.2.1 Volume Trends
5.2.2 Value Trends
5.3 Market Breakup by Region
5.4 Market Breakup by Application
5.5 Market Breakup by Technology
5.6 Market Forecast
6 Global LED Lighting Market
6.1 Market Overview
6.2 Market Performance
6.2.1 Volume Trends
6.2.2 Value Trends
6.3 Impact of COVID-19
6.4 Price Trends
6.5 Market Breakup by Region
6.6 Market by Product Type
6.6.1 LED Lamps and Modules: Market Trends
6.6.2 LED Fixtures: Market Trends
6.6.3 Market Forecast
6.7 Market Breakup by Application
6.8 Market Forecast
6.9 SWOT Analysis
6.9.1 Overview
6.9.2 Strengths
6.9.3 Weaknesses
6.9.4 Opportunities
6.9.5 Threats
6.10 Value Chain Analysis
6.10.1 Primary Raw Materials Suppliers
6.10.2 LED Chip Manufacturers
6.10.3 LED Package and Module Manufacturers
6.10.4 Lighting Products, Electronic Products and Automotive Part Manufacturers
6.10.5 Product Distribution
6.10.6 End Users
6.11 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
6.11.1 Overview
6.11.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
6.11.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
6.11.4 Degree of Competition
6.11.5 Threat of New Entrants
6.11.6 Threat of Substitutes
6.12 Key Market Drivers and Success Factors
6.13 Key Risk Factors for LED Manufacturers
6.14 Comparison of LED’s with Conventional Lighting Technologies
7 Performance of Key Regions
7.1 India
7.1.1 India Lighting Market
7.1.1.1 Market Performance
7.1.1.2 Market Breakup by Application
7.1.1.3 Market Breakup by Technology
7.1.1.4 Market Forecast
7.1.2 India LED Lighting Market
7.1.2.1 Market Performance
7.1.2.2 Market Forecast
7.1.2.3 Key Players
7.2 China
7.2.1 China Lighting Market
7.2.1.1 Market Performance
7.2.1.2 Market Breakup by Application
7.2.1.3 Market Breakup by Technology
7.2.1.4 Market Forecast
7.2.2 China LED Lighting Market
7.2.2.1 Market Performance
7.2.2.2 Market Forecast
7.2.2.3 Key Players
7.3 Europe
7.3.1 Europe Lighting Market
7.3.1.1 Market Performance
7.3.1.2 Market Breakup by Application
7.3.1.3 Market Breakup by Technology
7.3.1.4 Market Forecast
7.3.2 Europe LED Lighting Market
7.3.2.1 Market Performance
7.3.2.2 Market Forecast
7.3.2.3 Key Players
7.4 United States
7.4.1 United States Lighting Market
7.4.1.1 Market Performance
7.4.1.2 Market Breakup by Application
7.4.1.3 Market Breakup by Technology
7.4.1.4 Market Forecast
7.4.2 United States LED Lighting Market
7.4.2.1 Market Performance
7.4.2.2 Market Forecast
7.4.2.3 Key Players
7.5 Japan
7.5.1 Japan Lighting Market
7.5.1.1 Market Performance
7.5.1.2 Market Breakup by Application
7.5.1.3 Market Breakup by Technology
7.5.1.4 Market Forecast
7.5.2 Japan LED Lighting Market
7.5.2.1 Market Performance
7.5.2.2 Market Forecast
7.5.2.3 Key Players
7.6 Brazil
7.6.1 Brazil Lighting Market
7.6.1.1 Market Performance
7.6.1.2 Market Breakup by Application
7.6.1.3 Market Breakup by Technology
7.6.1.4 Market Forecast
7.6.2 Brazil LED Lighting Market
7.6.2.1 Market Performance
7.6.2.2 Market Forecast
7.6.2.3 Key Players
7.7 Russia
7.7.1 Russia Lighting Market
7.7.1.1 Market Performance
7.7.1.2 Market Breakup by Application
7.7.1.3 Market Breakup by Technology
7.7.1.4 Market Forecast
7.7.2 Russia LED Lighting Market
7.7.2.1 Market Performance
7.7.2.2 Market Forecast
7.7.2.3 Key Players
8 Market by Application
8.1 Retrofit
8.1.1 Market Trends
8.1.2 Market Forecast
8.2 Retail and Hospitality
8.2.1 Market Trends
8.2.2 Market Forecast
8.3 Outdoor
8.3.1 Market Trends
8.3.2 Market Forecast
8.4 Offices
8.4.1 Market Trends
8.4.2 Market Forecast
8.5 Architectural
8.5.1 Market Trends
8.5.2 Market Forecast
8.6 Homes
8.6.1 Market Trends
8.6.2 Market Forecast
8.7 Industrial
8.7.1 Market Trends
8.7.2 Market Forecast
9 Competitive Landscape
9.1 Market Structure
9.2 Market Breakup by Key Players
10 LED (SMD) Manufacturing Process
10.1 Product Overview
10.2 Detailed Process Flow
10.3 Various Types of Unit Operations Involved
10.4 Mass Balance and Raw Material Requirements
11 Project Details, Requirements and Costs Involved
11.1 Land Requirements and Expenditures
11.2 Construction Requirements and Expenditures
11.3 Plant Layout
11.4 Plant Machinery
11.5 Machinery Pictures
11.6 Raw Material Requirements and Expenditures
11.7 Raw Material and Final Product Pictures
11.8 Packaging Requirements and Expenditures
11.9 Transportation Requirements and Expenditures
11.10 Utility Requirements and Expenditures
11.11 Manpower Requirements and Expenditures
11.12 Other Capital Investments
12 Loans and Financial Assistance
13 Project Economics
13.1 Capital Cost of the Project
13.2 Techno-Economic Parameters
13.3 Product Pricing and Margins Across Various Levels of the Supply Chain
13.4 Income Projections
13.5 Expenditure Projections
13.6 Taxation and Depreciation
13.7 Financial Analysis
13.8 Profit Analysis
14 Key Player Profiles
14.1 Nichia Corporation
14.2 Everlight Electronics
14.3 LG Innotek
14.4 OSRAM GmbH (ams OSRAM AG)
14.5 Samsung Electronics
List of Figures
Figure 1: Global LED Industry: Major Drivers and Challenges
Figure 2: Global: Lighting Market: Sales Volume (in Billion Units), 2018-2023
Figure 3: Global: Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 4: Global: Lighting Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2023
Figure 5: Global: Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 6: Global: Lighting Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2023
Figure 7: Global: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 8: Global: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Billion Units), 2024-2032
Figure 9: Global: LED Lighting Market: Sales Volume (in Billion Units), 2018-2023
Figure 10: Global: LED Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 11: China: LED Lighting Market: Price Trends (in US$/Unit), 2018-2032
Figure 12: Global: LED Lighting Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2023
Figure 13: Global: LED Lamps and Modules Market: Sales Volume (in Million Units), 2018-2023
Figure 14: Global: LED Fixtures Market: Sales Volume (in Million Units), 2018-2023
Figure 15: Global: LED Lamps and Modules Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Units), 2024-2032
Figure 16: Global: LED Fixtures Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Units), 2024-2032
Figure 17: Global: LED Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 18: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Billion Units), 2024-2032
Figure 19: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 20: Global: LED Lighting Industry: SWOT Analysis
Figure 21: Global: LED Lighting Industry: Value Chain Analysis
Figure 22: Global: LED Lighting Industry: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Figure 23: India: Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 24: India: Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 25: India: Lighting Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2023
Figure 26: India: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 27: India: LED Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018-2023
Figure 28: India: LED Lighting Market: Sales Volume (in Million Units), 2018-2023
Figure 29: India: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 30: India: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Volume (in Million Units), 2024-2032
Figure 31: India: LED Market: Key Players Market Share (in %), 2023
Figure 32: China: Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 33: China: Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 34: China: Lighting Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2023
Figure 35: China: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 36: China: LED Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 37: China: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 38: China: LED Lighting Market: Key Players Market Share (in %), 2023
Figure 39: Europe: Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 40: Europe: Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 41: Europe: Lighting Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2023
Figure 42: Europe: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 43: Europe: LED Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 44: Europe: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 45: Europe: LED Lighting Market: Key Players Market Share (in %), 2023
Figure 46: United States: Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 47: United States: Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 48: United States: Lighting Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2023
Figure 49: United States: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 50: United States: LED Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 51: United States: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 52: United States: LED Lighting Market: Key Players Market Share (in %), 2023
Figure 53: Japan: Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 54: Japan: Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 55: Japan: Lighting Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2023
Figure 56: Japan: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 57: Japan: LED Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 58: Japan: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 59: Japan: LED Lighting Market: Key Players Market Share (in %), 2023
Figure 60: Brazil: Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 61: Brazil: Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 62: Brazil: Lighting Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2023
Figure 63: Brazil: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 64: Brazil: LED Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018-2023
Figure 65: Brazil: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 66: Brazil: LED Lighting Market: Key Players Market Share (in %), 2023
Figure 67: Russia: Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2018-2023
Figure 68: Russia: Lighting Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2023
Figure 69: Russia: Lighting Market: Breakup by Technology (in %), 2023
Figure 70: Russia: Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2024-2032
Figure 71: Russia: LED Lighting Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2018-2023
Figure 72: Russia: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 73: Russia: LED Lighting Market: Key Players Market Share (in %), 2023
Figure 74: Global: LED Lighting Market: Retrofit (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 75: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Retrofit (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 76: Global: LED Lighting Market: Retail and Hospitality (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 77: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Retail and Hospitality (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 78: Global: LED Lighting Market: Outdoor (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 79: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Outdoor (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 80: Global: LED Lighting Market: Offices (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 81: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Offices (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 82: Global: LED Lighting Market: Architectural (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 83: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Architectural (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 84: Global: LED Lighting Market: Homes (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 85: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Homes (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 86: Global: LED Lighting Market: Industrial (in Million US$), 2018 & 2023
Figure 87: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Industrial (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Figure 88: Global: LED Market: Breakup of Key Players (in %), 2023
Figure 89: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Detailed Process Flow
Figure 90: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Various Unit Operations Involved
Figure 91: SMD LED Manufacturing Process: Conversion Rate of Products
Figure 92: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Raw Material Requirements (in grams or units /Day)
Figure 93: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Proposed Plant Layout
Figure 94: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Breakup of Capital Costs (in %)
Figure 95: SMD LED Industry: Margins Across Various Stages of the Supply Chain
Figure 96: SMD LED Production: Manufacturing Cost Breakup (in %)
List of Tables
Table 1: Global: Lighting Industry Overview
Table 2: Global: LED Lighting Market Overview
Table 3: Comparison of LED’s with Incandescent Bulb and Compact Fluorescent Lamps (Based on Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact)
Table 4: Comparison of LED’s with Incandescent Bulb and Compact Fluorescent Lamps (Based on Luminous Flux)
Table 5: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Breakup by Application (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Table 6: Global: LED Lighting Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (in Million US$), 2024-2032
Table 7: Global: LED Lighting Market: Competitive Structure
Table 8: SMD LED: Various Types and Their Dimensions
Table 9: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Costs Related to Land and Site Development (in US$)
Table 10: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Costs Related to Civil Works (in US$)
Table 11: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Machinery Costs (in US$)
Table 12: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Raw Material Requirements (in g/Day) and Expenditures (US$/Unit)
Table 13: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Costs Related to Salaries and Wages (in US$)
Table 14: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Costs Related to Other Capital Investments (in US$)
Table 15: Details of Financial Assistance Offered by Financial Institutions
Table 16: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Capital Costs (in US$)
Table 17: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Techno-Economic Parameters
Table 18: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Income Projections (in US$)
Table 19: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Expenditure Projections (in US$)
Table 20: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Taxation (in US$)
Table 21: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Depreciation (in US$)
Table 22: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Cash Flow Analysis Without Considering the Income Tax Liability
Table 23: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Cash Flow Analysis on Considering the Income Tax Liability
Table 24: SMD LED Manufacturing Plant: Profit and Loss Account (in US$)