世界各国のリアルタイムなデータ・インテリジェンスで皆様をお手伝い

消毒薬市場


Disinfectant Chemicals Market

消毒剤は、物や表面に繁殖する微生物を除去するために塗布する化学薬品である。消毒剤の種類によって、適用される目的が異なる。強力で広範囲の微生物に有効な消毒剤もあれば、穏やかで特定の病気の原因菌だけを... もっと見る

 

 

出版社 出版年月 電子版価格 ページ数 言語
Future Market Insights
フューチャーマーケットインサイツ
2022年10月7日 US$5,000
シングルユーザライセンス
ライセンス・価格情報
注文方法はこちら
250 英語

日本語のページは自動翻訳を利用し作成しています。
実際のレポートは英文のみでご納品いたします。


 

サマリー

消毒剤は、物や表面に繁殖する微生物を除去するために塗布する化学薬品である。消毒剤の種類によって、適用される目的が異なる。強力で広範囲の微生物に有効な消毒剤もあれば、穏やかで特定の病気の原因菌だけを除去する消毒剤もある。消毒剤は、空気消毒剤、水消毒剤、表面消毒剤の3種類に大別される。さまざまな目的に適用できる消毒剤を製造するために、さまざまな化学薬品がさまざまな割合で使用されている。

エタノールやイソプロパノールなどのアルコール類は、汎用性の高い消毒剤であることが確認されている。70%から90%濃度のアルコールは、親油性ウイルスに効果的に作用する。しかし、揮発性が高いため接触時間が短く、細菌芽胞や非脂質性ウイルスには効果がない。塩素化合物は最も一般的な家庭用消毒剤である。次亜塩素酸ナトリウムは家庭用漂白剤の主成分である。十分な接触時間を持ち、細菌の芽胞を不活性化する。50~500ppmの塩素を含む消毒液は、ほとんどの植物性細菌やウイルスに有効である。しかし、塩素は光や空気に触れると効果がなくなるため、使用する前に注意深く包装するか、新鮮な状態で準備する必要がある。ホルマリンも広く使われている消毒剤である。5%濃度のホルマリンには、ほとんどの細菌やウイルスを不活性化する力がある。グルタルアルデヒドも非常に効果的な消毒剤である。この化合物はホルマリンと密接な関係があるが、生物学的にはるかに活性が高い。グルタルアルデヒドは、細菌の芽胞、真菌、ほとんどのウイルスを効果的に消毒することができる。前述の化学物質以外にも、過酸化水素、次亜塩素酸カルシウム、クロラミン、クロラミンTは、広く使用されている消毒剤の一部である。

消毒剤市場は、周囲を消毒して健康に暮らそうという一般的な意識が牽引している。最近、鳥インフルエンザや豚インフルエンザなどのインフルエンザやその他の感染症が世界各地で発生し、世界中で消毒剤が使用されるようになった。このような致命的な病気の発生を食い止めるために、周囲の清掃や消毒を行う取り組みが増加しており、政府は公共の場や各家庭での消毒を推進している。世界の多くの地域で安全な飲料水が不足していることも、水消毒剤市場の成長をもたらしている。クロラミンのような水消毒剤は近年高い成長を遂げている。

消毒剤市場は大幅な成長を遂げているが、市場にはいくつかの懸念もある。ホルマリンやグルタルアルデヒドのような一部の消毒剤は細菌を殺すのに非常に効果的ですが、自然界では有毒であり、これらの化学物質への過度の暴露は人間にも有害である。これらの化学物質への職業暴露は極めて有害であり、適切な予防措置と防護服が絶対に必要である。

北米は世界最大の消毒剤市場であり、当面の間、急速な成長が見込まれている。ヨーロッパ地域は需要面で2番目に大きな市場シェアを占め、アジア太平洋地域がこれに続く。アジア太平洋地域の市場成長率は高く、人口増加や生活水準の向上により、当面はより大きな市場シェアを占めると予想される。

この市場に参入している主な企業には、デュポン、3M、ABCコンパウンディング、カーディナル・ヘルスなどがある。

この調査レポートは、市場の包括的な評価を提示し、思慮深い洞察、事実、過去のデータ、適切な一連の仮定と方法論による統計的裏付けと業界で検証された市場データと予測を含んでいます。市場セグメント、地域、製品タイプ、流通チャネルなどのカテゴリー別に分析と情報を提供しています。

本レポートは、以下の項目に関する徹底的な分析を網羅しています:

市場セグメント
市場ダイナミクス
2015年~2025年の市場規模と予測
需要と供給のバリューチェーン
現在のトレンド/課題/チャレンジ
競合・参入企業
テクノロジー
バリューチェーン
市場促進要因と阻害要因
地域別分析

北米
米国・カナダ
ラテンアメリカ
ブラジル、アルゼンチン、その他
西欧
EU5
北欧
ベネルクス
東欧
アジア太平洋
オーストラリア・ニュージーランド(ANZ)
グレーターチャイナ
インド
ASEAN
その他のアジア太平洋地域
日本
中東・アフリカ
GCC諸国
その他中東
北アフリカ
南アフリカ
その他アフリカ

ページTOPに戻る


目次

1. Executive Summary

    1.1. Global Market Outlook

    1.2. Demand-side Trends

    1.3. Supply-side Trends

    1.4. Technology Roadmap Analysis

    1.5. Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

    2.1. Market Coverage / Taxonomy

    2.2. Market Definition / Scope / Limitations

3. Market Background

    3.1. Market Dynamics

        3.1.1. Drivers

        3.1.2. Restraints

        3.1.3. Opportunity

        3.1.4. Trends

    3.2. Scenario Forecast

        3.2.1. Demand in Optimistic Scenario

        3.2.2. Demand in Likely Scenario

        3.2.3. Demand in Conservative Scenario

    3.3. Opportunity Map Analysis

    3.4. Product Life Cycle Analysis

    3.5. Supply Chain Analysis

        3.5.1. Supply Side Participants and their Roles

            3.5.1.1. Producers

            3.5.1.2. Mid-Level Participants (Traders/ Agents/ Brokers)

            3.5.1.3. Wholesalers and Distributors

        3.5.2. Value Added and Value Created at Node in the Supply Chain

        3.5.3. List of Raw Material Suppliers

        3.5.4. List of Existing and Potential Buyer’s

    3.6. Investment Feasibility Matrix

    3.7. Value Chain Analysis

        3.7.1. Profit Margin Analysis

        3.7.2. Wholesalers and Distributors

        3.7.3. Retailers

    3.8. PESTLE and Porter’s Analysis

    3.9. Regulatory Landscape

        3.9.1. By Key Regions

        3.9.2. By Key Countries

    3.10. Regional Parent Market Outlook

    3.11. Production and Consumption Statistics

    3.12. Import and Export Statistics

4. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast, 2022-2032

    4.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis, 2017-2021

    4.2. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Projections, 2022-2032

        4.2.1. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis

        4.2.2. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis

5. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Product Type

    5.1. Introduction / Key Findings

    5.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis By Product Type, 2017-2021

    5.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis and Forecast By Product Type, 2022-2032

        5.3.1. Acids

        5.3.2. Alcohols

        5.3.3. Phenols

        5.3.4. Halogens

        5.3.5. Biguanides

        5.3.6. Oxidizing Agents

        5.3.7. Aldehydes

        5.3.8. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

    5.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Product Type, 2017-2021

    5.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Product Type, 2022-2032 Deep-dive segmentation will be available in the sample on request

6. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Activity

    6.1. Introduction / Key Findings

    6.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis By Activity, 2017-2021

    6.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis and Forecast By Activity, 2022-2032

        6.3.1. High Level Disinfectants

        6.3.2. Intermediate Level Disinfectants

        6.3.3. Low Level Disinfectants

    6.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Activity, 2017-2021

    6.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Activity, 2022-2032 Deep-dive segmentation will be available in the sample on request

7. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Application

    7.1. Introduction / Key Findings

    7.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis By Application, 2017-2021

    7.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis and Forecast By Application, 2022-2032

        7.3.1. Water Disinfectants

        7.3.2. Air Disinfectants

        7.3.3. Surface Disinfectants

    7.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Application, 2017-2021

    7.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Application, 2022-2032 Deep-dive segmentation will be available in the sample on request

8. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Region

    8.1. Introduction

    8.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis By Region, 2017-2021

    8.3. Current Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2022-2032

        8.3.1. North America

        8.3.2. Latin America

        8.3.3. Europe

        8.3.4. East Asia

        8.3.5. South Asia & Pacific

        8.3.6. MEA

    8.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

9. North America Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    9.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    9.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        9.2.1. By Country

            9.2.1.1. U.S.

            9.2.1.2. Canada

        9.2.2. By Product Type

        9.2.3. By Activity

        9.2.4. By Application

    9.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        9.3.1. By Country

        9.3.2. By Product Type

        9.3.3. By Activity

        9.3.4. By Application

    9.4. Key Takeaways

10. Latin America Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    10.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    10.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        10.2.1. By Country

            10.2.1.1. Brazil

            10.2.1.2. Mexico

            10.2.1.3. Rest of Latin America

        10.2.2. By Product Type

        10.2.3. By Activity

        10.2.4. By Application

    10.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        10.3.1. By Country

        10.3.2. By Product Type

        10.3.3. By Activity

        10.3.4. By Application

    10.4. Key Takeaways

11. Europe Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    11.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    11.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        11.2.1. By Country

            11.2.1.1. Germany

            11.2.1.2. U.K.

            11.2.1.3. France

            11.2.1.4. Spain

            11.2.1.5. Italy

            11.2.1.6. Rest of Europe

        11.2.2. By Product Type

        11.2.3. By Activity

        11.2.4. By Application

    11.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        11.3.1. By Country

        11.3.2. By Product Type

        11.3.3. By Activity

        11.3.4. By Application

    11.4. Key Takeaways

12. East Asia Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    12.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    12.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        12.2.1. By Country

            12.2.1.1. China

            12.2.1.2. Japan

            12.2.1.3. South Korea

        12.2.2. By Product Type

        12.2.3. By Activity

        12.2.4. By Application

    12.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        12.3.1. By Country

        12.3.2. By Product Type

        12.3.3. By Activity

        12.3.4. By Application

    12.4. Key Takeaways

13. South Asia & Pacific Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    13.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    13.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        13.2.1. By Country

            13.2.1.1. India

            13.2.1.2. Thailand

            13.2.1.3. Indonesia

            13.2.1.4. Malaysia

            13.2.1.5. Singapore

            13.2.1.6. Australia

            13.2.1.7. New Zealand

            13.2.1.8. Rest of South Asia & Pacific

        13.2.2. By Product Type

        13.2.3. By Activity

        13.2.4. By Application

    13.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        13.3.1. By Country

        13.3.2. By Product Type

        13.3.3. By Activity

        13.3.4. By Application

    13.4. Key Takeaways

14. MEA Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    14.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    14.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        14.2.1. By Country

            14.2.1.1. GCC Countries

            14.2.1.2. South Africa

            14.2.1.3. Israel

            14.2.1.4. Rest of MEA

        14.2.2. By Product Type

        14.2.3. By Activity

        14.2.4. By Application

    14.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        14.3.1. By Country

        14.3.2. By Product Type

        14.3.3. By Activity

        14.3.4. By Application

    14.4. Key Takeaways

15. Key Countries Market Analysis

    15.1. U.S.

        15.1.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.1.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.1.2.1. By Product Type

            15.1.2.2. By Activity

            15.1.2.3. By Application

    15.2. Canada

        15.2.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.2.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.2.2.1. By Product Type

            15.2.2.2. By Activity

            15.2.2.3. By Application

    15.3. Brazil

        15.3.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.3.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.3.2.1. By Product Type

            15.3.2.2. By Activity

            15.3.2.3. By Application

    15.4. Mexico

        15.4.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.4.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.4.2.1. By Product Type

            15.4.2.2. By Activity

            15.4.2.3. By Application

    15.5. Germany

        15.5.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.5.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.5.2.1. By Product Type

            15.5.2.2. By Activity

            15.5.2.3. By Application

    15.6. U.K.

        15.6.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.6.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.6.2.1. By Product Type

            15.6.2.2. By Activity

            15.6.2.3. By Application

    15.7. France

        15.7.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.7.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.7.2.1. By Product Type

            15.7.2.2. By Activity

            15.7.2.3. By Application

    15.8. Spain

        15.8.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.8.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.8.2.1. By Product Type

            15.8.2.2. By Activity

            15.8.2.3. By Application

    15.9. Italy

        15.9.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.9.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.9.2.1. By Product Type

            15.9.2.2. By Activity

            15.9.2.3. By Application

    15.10. China

        15.10.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.10.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.10.2.1. By Product Type

            15.10.2.2. By Activity

            15.10.2.3. By Application

    15.11. Japan

        15.11.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.11.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.11.2.1. By Product Type

            15.11.2.2. By Activity

            15.11.2.3. By Application

    15.12. South Korea

        15.12.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.12.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.12.2.1. By Product Type

            15.12.2.2. By Activity

            15.12.2.3. By Application

    15.13. India

        15.13.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.13.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.13.2.1. By Product Type

            15.13.2.2. By Activity

            15.13.2.3. By Application

    15.14. Thailand

        15.14.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.14.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.14.2.1. By Product Type

            15.14.2.2. By Activity

            15.14.2.3. By Application

    15.15. Indonesia

        15.15.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.15.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.15.2.1. By Product Type

            15.15.2.2. By Activity

            15.15.2.3. By Application

    15.16. Malaysia

        15.16.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.16.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.16.2.1. By Product Type

            15.16.2.2. By Activity

            15.16.2.3. By Application

    15.17. Singapore

        15.17.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.17.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.17.2.1. By Product Type

            15.17.2.2. By Activity

            15.17.2.3. By Application

    15.18. Australia

        15.18.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.18.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.18.2.1. By Product Type

            15.18.2.2. By Activity

            15.18.2.3. By Application

    15.19. New Zealand

        15.19.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.19.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.19.2.1. By Product Type

            15.19.2.2. By Activity

            15.19.2.3. By Application

    15.20. GCC Countries

        15.20.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.20.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.20.2.1. By Product Type

            15.20.2.2. By Activity

            15.20.2.3. By Application

    15.21. South Africa

        15.21.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.21.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.21.2.1. By Product Type

            15.21.2.2. By Activity

            15.21.2.3. By Application

    15.22. Israel

        15.22.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.22.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.22.2.1. By Product Type

            15.22.2.2. By Activity

            15.22.2.3. By Application

16. Market Structure Analysis

    16.1. Competition Dashboard

    16.2. Competition Benchmarking

    16.3. Market Share Analysis of Top Players

        16.3.1. By Regional

        16.3.2. By Product Type

        16.3.3. By Activity

        16.3.4. By Application

17. Competition Analysis

    17.1. Competition Deep Dive

        17.1.1. BASF SE

            17.1.1.1. Overview

            17.1.1.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.1.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.1.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.1.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.1.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.1.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.1.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.2. Dupont Chemicals

            17.1.2.1. Overview

            17.1.2.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.2.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.2.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.2.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.2.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.2.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.2.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.3. Ashland Inc.

            17.1.3.1. Overview

            17.1.3.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.3.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.3.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.3.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.3.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.3.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.3.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.4. 3M Company

            17.1.4.1. Overview

            17.1.4.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.4.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.4.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.4.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.4.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.4.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.4.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.5. ABC Compounding Co.

            17.1.5.1. Overview

            17.1.5.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.5.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.5.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.5.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.5.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.5.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.5.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.6. Cardial Health Inc.

            17.1.6.1. Overview

            17.1.6.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.6.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.6.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.6.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.6.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.6.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.6.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.7. Troy Chemicals

            17.1.7.1. Overview

            17.1.7.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.7.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.7.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.7.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.7.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.7.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.7.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.8. Metrex Research Corp.

            17.1.8.1. Overview

            17.1.8.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.8.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.8.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.8.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.8.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.8.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.8.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.9. The Clorox Company

            17.1.9.1. Overview

            17.1.9.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.9.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.9.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.9.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.9.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.9.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.9.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.10. Ecolab Inc.

            17.1.10.1. Overview

            17.1.10.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.10.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.10.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.10.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.10.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.10.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.10.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.11. Sanosil AG

            17.1.11.1. Overview

            17.1.11.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.11.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.11.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.11.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.11.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.11.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.11.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.12. Kemira Oyj

            17.1.12.1. Overview

            17.1.12.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.12.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.12.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.12.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.12.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.12.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.12.5.3. Channel Strategy

18. Assumptions & Acronyms Used

19. Research Methodology

 

ページTOPに戻る


 

Summary

Disinfectants are chemicals that are applied to objects and surfaces in order to eliminate microorganisms that thrive on them. Different varieties of disinfectants are applied for different purpose. Some disinfectants are strong and are effective against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, while some are mild and applicable to eliminate only certain disease causing organisms. Disinfectants can be broadly segregated into three main types, namely, air disinfectants, water disinfectants and surface disinfectant. A variety of chemicals are used in different proportions to manufacture disinfectants applicable for various purposes.

Alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol have been observed to be good general purpose disinfectants. 70% to 90% concentration of these alcohols can effectively act against lipophilic viruses. However, it is not effective against bacterial spores or non lipid virus as the contact time is less owing to high volatility of the substance. Chlorine compounds are the most common house hold disinfectants. Sodium hypochlorite is the main ingredient in house hold bleaches. It has sufficient contact time and inactivates the bacterial spores. Disinfectant solutions containing 50 to 500 parts per million of chlorine is effective against most vegetative bacteria and viruses. However, chlorine is rendered ineffective upon exposure to light and air, and hence should be carefully packaged or prepared fresh before application. Formalin is another widely used disinfectant. 5% concentration of formalin has the power to inactivate most bacteria and viruses. Glutaraldehyde is another very effective disinfectant. The compound is closely related to formalin but is much more active biologically. Glutaraldehyde can effectively disinfect bacterial spores, fungi and most viruses. Apart from the aforementioned chemicals, hydrogen peroxide, calcium hypochlorites, chloramines and chloramines T are some of the widely used disinfectant chemicals.

The disinfectant market is driven by the general consciousness to disinfect surroundings and live healthy. The recent outbreaks of flu such as avian flu and swine flu and other infectious diseases in different parts of the world, have triggered the use of disinfectants all over the world. The initiatives of cleaning and disinfecting surroundings to contain such outbreaks of fatal diseases have been on the rise, with governments promoting disinfection in all public places and individual homes. Scarcity of safe drinking water in many parts of the world has also resulted in the growth of water disinfectant market. Water disinfectants such as chloramines have witnessed high growth in the recent years.

Although disinfectant chemicals market has witnessed substantial growth, there are some concerns for the market as well. Some disinfectants such as formalin and glutaraldehye are very effective in killing bacteria, however, they are toxic in nature and over exposure to these chemicals are hazardous to human as well. Occupational exposure to these chemicals is extremely harmful and proper precautions and protective clothing is absolutely necessary.

North America is the largest market for disinfectants in the world and is expected to grow at a brisk pace in the foreseeable future. Europe region accounted for the second largest market share in terms of demand followed by Asia Pacific. The market growth rate in Asia Pacific region is high and the region is expected to account for a larger market share in the foreseeable future owing to its rising population as well as standard of living.

Some of the main companies operating in this market are DuPont, 3M, ABC Compounding Co., Inc., and Cardinal Health, Inc., among many others.

This research report presents a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data and statistically-supported and industry-validated market data and projections with a suitable set of assumptions and methodology. It provides analysis and information by categories such as market segments, regions, product types and distribution channels.

The report covers exhaustive analysis on:

Market Segments
Market Dynamics
Market Size & Forecast 2015 -2025
Supply & Demand Value Chain
Current Trends/Issues/Challenges
Competition & Companies involved
Technology
Value Chain
Market Drivers and Restraints
Regional analysis includes

North America
US & Canada
Latin America
Brazil, Argentina & Others
Western Europe
EU5
Nordics
Benelux
Eastern Europe
Asia Pacific
Australia and New Zealand (ANZ)
Greater China
India
ASEAN
Rest of Asia Pacific
Japan
Middle East and Africa
GCC Countries
Other Middle East
North Africa
South Africa
Other Africa



ページTOPに戻る


Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

    1.1. Global Market Outlook

    1.2. Demand-side Trends

    1.3. Supply-side Trends

    1.4. Technology Roadmap Analysis

    1.5. Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

    2.1. Market Coverage / Taxonomy

    2.2. Market Definition / Scope / Limitations

3. Market Background

    3.1. Market Dynamics

        3.1.1. Drivers

        3.1.2. Restraints

        3.1.3. Opportunity

        3.1.4. Trends

    3.2. Scenario Forecast

        3.2.1. Demand in Optimistic Scenario

        3.2.2. Demand in Likely Scenario

        3.2.3. Demand in Conservative Scenario

    3.3. Opportunity Map Analysis

    3.4. Product Life Cycle Analysis

    3.5. Supply Chain Analysis

        3.5.1. Supply Side Participants and their Roles

            3.5.1.1. Producers

            3.5.1.2. Mid-Level Participants (Traders/ Agents/ Brokers)

            3.5.1.3. Wholesalers and Distributors

        3.5.2. Value Added and Value Created at Node in the Supply Chain

        3.5.3. List of Raw Material Suppliers

        3.5.4. List of Existing and Potential Buyer’s

    3.6. Investment Feasibility Matrix

    3.7. Value Chain Analysis

        3.7.1. Profit Margin Analysis

        3.7.2. Wholesalers and Distributors

        3.7.3. Retailers

    3.8. PESTLE and Porter’s Analysis

    3.9. Regulatory Landscape

        3.9.1. By Key Regions

        3.9.2. By Key Countries

    3.10. Regional Parent Market Outlook

    3.11. Production and Consumption Statistics

    3.12. Import and Export Statistics

4. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast, 2022-2032

    4.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis, 2017-2021

    4.2. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Projections, 2022-2032

        4.2.1. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis

        4.2.2. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis

5. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Product Type

    5.1. Introduction / Key Findings

    5.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis By Product Type, 2017-2021

    5.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis and Forecast By Product Type, 2022-2032

        5.3.1. Acids

        5.3.2. Alcohols

        5.3.3. Phenols

        5.3.4. Halogens

        5.3.5. Biguanides

        5.3.6. Oxidizing Agents

        5.3.7. Aldehydes

        5.3.8. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

    5.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Product Type, 2017-2021

    5.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Product Type, 2022-2032 Deep-dive segmentation will be available in the sample on request

6. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Activity

    6.1. Introduction / Key Findings

    6.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis By Activity, 2017-2021

    6.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis and Forecast By Activity, 2022-2032

        6.3.1. High Level Disinfectants

        6.3.2. Intermediate Level Disinfectants

        6.3.3. Low Level Disinfectants

    6.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Activity, 2017-2021

    6.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Activity, 2022-2032 Deep-dive segmentation will be available in the sample on request

7. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Application

    7.1. Introduction / Key Findings

    7.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis By Application, 2017-2021

    7.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis and Forecast By Application, 2022-2032

        7.3.1. Water Disinfectants

        7.3.2. Air Disinfectants

        7.3.3. Surface Disinfectants

    7.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Application, 2017-2021

    7.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Application, 2022-2032 Deep-dive segmentation will be available in the sample on request

8. Global Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Region

    8.1. Introduction

    8.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis By Region, 2017-2021

    8.3. Current Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2022-2032

        8.3.1. North America

        8.3.2. Latin America

        8.3.3. Europe

        8.3.4. East Asia

        8.3.5. South Asia & Pacific

        8.3.6. MEA

    8.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

9. North America Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    9.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    9.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        9.2.1. By Country

            9.2.1.1. U.S.

            9.2.1.2. Canada

        9.2.2. By Product Type

        9.2.3. By Activity

        9.2.4. By Application

    9.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        9.3.1. By Country

        9.3.2. By Product Type

        9.3.3. By Activity

        9.3.4. By Application

    9.4. Key Takeaways

10. Latin America Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    10.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    10.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        10.2.1. By Country

            10.2.1.1. Brazil

            10.2.1.2. Mexico

            10.2.1.3. Rest of Latin America

        10.2.2. By Product Type

        10.2.3. By Activity

        10.2.4. By Application

    10.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        10.3.1. By Country

        10.3.2. By Product Type

        10.3.3. By Activity

        10.3.4. By Application

    10.4. Key Takeaways

11. Europe Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    11.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    11.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        11.2.1. By Country

            11.2.1.1. Germany

            11.2.1.2. U.K.

            11.2.1.3. France

            11.2.1.4. Spain

            11.2.1.5. Italy

            11.2.1.6. Rest of Europe

        11.2.2. By Product Type

        11.2.3. By Activity

        11.2.4. By Application

    11.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        11.3.1. By Country

        11.3.2. By Product Type

        11.3.3. By Activity

        11.3.4. By Application

    11.4. Key Takeaways

12. East Asia Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    12.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    12.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        12.2.1. By Country

            12.2.1.1. China

            12.2.1.2. Japan

            12.2.1.3. South Korea

        12.2.2. By Product Type

        12.2.3. By Activity

        12.2.4. By Application

    12.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        12.3.1. By Country

        12.3.2. By Product Type

        12.3.3. By Activity

        12.3.4. By Application

    12.4. Key Takeaways

13. South Asia & Pacific Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    13.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    13.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        13.2.1. By Country

            13.2.1.1. India

            13.2.1.2. Thailand

            13.2.1.3. Indonesia

            13.2.1.4. Malaysia

            13.2.1.5. Singapore

            13.2.1.6. Australia

            13.2.1.7. New Zealand

            13.2.1.8. Rest of South Asia & Pacific

        13.2.2. By Product Type

        13.2.3. By Activity

        13.2.4. By Application

    13.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        13.3.1. By Country

        13.3.2. By Product Type

        13.3.3. By Activity

        13.3.4. By Application

    13.4. Key Takeaways

14. MEA Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Country

    14.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021

    14.2. Market Size Value (US$ Mn) & Volume (Tons) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032

        14.2.1. By Country

            14.2.1.1. GCC Countries

            14.2.1.2. South Africa

            14.2.1.3. Israel

            14.2.1.4. Rest of MEA

        14.2.2. By Product Type

        14.2.3. By Activity

        14.2.4. By Application

    14.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis

        14.3.1. By Country

        14.3.2. By Product Type

        14.3.3. By Activity

        14.3.4. By Application

    14.4. Key Takeaways

15. Key Countries Market Analysis

    15.1. U.S.

        15.1.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.1.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.1.2.1. By Product Type

            15.1.2.2. By Activity

            15.1.2.3. By Application

    15.2. Canada

        15.2.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.2.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.2.2.1. By Product Type

            15.2.2.2. By Activity

            15.2.2.3. By Application

    15.3. Brazil

        15.3.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.3.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.3.2.1. By Product Type

            15.3.2.2. By Activity

            15.3.2.3. By Application

    15.4. Mexico

        15.4.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.4.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.4.2.1. By Product Type

            15.4.2.2. By Activity

            15.4.2.3. By Application

    15.5. Germany

        15.5.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.5.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.5.2.1. By Product Type

            15.5.2.2. By Activity

            15.5.2.3. By Application

    15.6. U.K.

        15.6.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.6.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.6.2.1. By Product Type

            15.6.2.2. By Activity

            15.6.2.3. By Application

    15.7. France

        15.7.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.7.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.7.2.1. By Product Type

            15.7.2.2. By Activity

            15.7.2.3. By Application

    15.8. Spain

        15.8.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.8.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.8.2.1. By Product Type

            15.8.2.2. By Activity

            15.8.2.3. By Application

    15.9. Italy

        15.9.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.9.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.9.2.1. By Product Type

            15.9.2.2. By Activity

            15.9.2.3. By Application

    15.10. China

        15.10.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.10.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.10.2.1. By Product Type

            15.10.2.2. By Activity

            15.10.2.3. By Application

    15.11. Japan

        15.11.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.11.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.11.2.1. By Product Type

            15.11.2.2. By Activity

            15.11.2.3. By Application

    15.12. South Korea

        15.12.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.12.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.12.2.1. By Product Type

            15.12.2.2. By Activity

            15.12.2.3. By Application

    15.13. India

        15.13.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.13.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.13.2.1. By Product Type

            15.13.2.2. By Activity

            15.13.2.3. By Application

    15.14. Thailand

        15.14.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.14.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.14.2.1. By Product Type

            15.14.2.2. By Activity

            15.14.2.3. By Application

    15.15. Indonesia

        15.15.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.15.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.15.2.1. By Product Type

            15.15.2.2. By Activity

            15.15.2.3. By Application

    15.16. Malaysia

        15.16.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.16.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.16.2.1. By Product Type

            15.16.2.2. By Activity

            15.16.2.3. By Application

    15.17. Singapore

        15.17.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.17.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.17.2.1. By Product Type

            15.17.2.2. By Activity

            15.17.2.3. By Application

    15.18. Australia

        15.18.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.18.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.18.2.1. By Product Type

            15.18.2.2. By Activity

            15.18.2.3. By Application

    15.19. New Zealand

        15.19.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.19.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.19.2.1. By Product Type

            15.19.2.2. By Activity

            15.19.2.3. By Application

    15.20. GCC Countries

        15.20.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.20.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.20.2.1. By Product Type

            15.20.2.2. By Activity

            15.20.2.3. By Application

    15.21. South Africa

        15.21.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.21.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.21.2.1. By Product Type

            15.21.2.2. By Activity

            15.21.2.3. By Application

    15.22. Israel

        15.22.1. Pricing Analysis

        15.22.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021

            15.22.2.1. By Product Type

            15.22.2.2. By Activity

            15.22.2.3. By Application

16. Market Structure Analysis

    16.1. Competition Dashboard

    16.2. Competition Benchmarking

    16.3. Market Share Analysis of Top Players

        16.3.1. By Regional

        16.3.2. By Product Type

        16.3.3. By Activity

        16.3.4. By Application

17. Competition Analysis

    17.1. Competition Deep Dive

        17.1.1. BASF SE

            17.1.1.1. Overview

            17.1.1.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.1.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.1.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.1.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.1.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.1.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.1.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.2. Dupont Chemicals

            17.1.2.1. Overview

            17.1.2.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.2.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.2.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.2.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.2.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.2.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.2.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.3. Ashland Inc.

            17.1.3.1. Overview

            17.1.3.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.3.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.3.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.3.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.3.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.3.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.3.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.4. 3M Company

            17.1.4.1. Overview

            17.1.4.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.4.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.4.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.4.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.4.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.4.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.4.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.5. ABC Compounding Co.

            17.1.5.1. Overview

            17.1.5.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.5.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.5.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.5.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.5.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.5.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.5.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.6. Cardial Health Inc.

            17.1.6.1. Overview

            17.1.6.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.6.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.6.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.6.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.6.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.6.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.6.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.7. Troy Chemicals

            17.1.7.1. Overview

            17.1.7.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.7.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.7.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.7.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.7.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.7.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.7.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.8. Metrex Research Corp.

            17.1.8.1. Overview

            17.1.8.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.8.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.8.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.8.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.8.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.8.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.8.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.9. The Clorox Company

            17.1.9.1. Overview

            17.1.9.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.9.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.9.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.9.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.9.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.9.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.9.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.10. Ecolab Inc.

            17.1.10.1. Overview

            17.1.10.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.10.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.10.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.10.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.10.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.10.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.10.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.11. Sanosil AG

            17.1.11.1. Overview

            17.1.11.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.11.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.11.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.11.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.11.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.11.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.11.5.3. Channel Strategy

        17.1.12. Kemira Oyj

            17.1.12.1. Overview

            17.1.12.2. Product Portfolio

            17.1.12.3. Profitability by Market Segments

            17.1.12.4. Sales Footprint

            17.1.12.5. Strategy Overview

                17.1.12.5.1. Marketing Strategy

                17.1.12.5.2. Product Strategy

                17.1.12.5.3. Channel Strategy

18. Assumptions & Acronyms Used

19. Research Methodology

 

ページTOPに戻る

ご注文は、お電話またはWEBから承ります。お見積もりの作成もお気軽にご相談ください。

webからのご注文・お問合せはこちらのフォームから承ります

本レポートと同じKEY WORD(chemicals)の最新刊レポート


よくあるご質問


Future Market Insights社はどのような調査会社ですか?


Future Market Insights(FMI)は世界の広範な地域および産業を対象にした調査レポートを出版しています。  弊社ウェブサイトに掲載のないタイトルも全てお取り扱い可能ですので... もっと見る


調査レポートの納品までの日数はどの程度ですか?


在庫のあるものは速納となりますが、平均的には 3-4日と見て下さい。
但し、一部の調査レポートでは、発注を受けた段階で内容更新をして納品をする場合もあります。
発注をする前のお問合せをお願いします。


注文の手続きはどのようになっていますか?


1)お客様からの御問い合わせをいただきます。
2)見積書やサンプルの提示をいたします。
3)お客様指定、もしくは弊社の発注書をメール添付にて発送してください。
4)データリソース社からレポート発行元の調査会社へ納品手配します。
5) 調査会社からお客様へ納品されます。最近は、pdfにてのメール納品が大半です。


お支払方法の方法はどのようになっていますか?


納品と同時にデータリソース社よりお客様へ請求書(必要に応じて納品書も)を発送いたします。
お客様よりデータリソース社へ(通常は円払い)の御振り込みをお願いします。
請求書は、納品日の日付で発行しますので、翌月最終営業日までの当社指定口座への振込みをお願いします。振込み手数料は御社負担にてお願いします。
お客様の御支払い条件が60日以上の場合は御相談ください。
尚、初めてのお取引先や個人の場合、前払いをお願いすることもあります。ご了承のほど、お願いします。


データリソース社はどのような会社ですか?


当社は、世界各国の主要調査会社・レポート出版社と提携し、世界各国の市場調査レポートや技術動向レポートなどを日本国内の企業・公官庁及び教育研究機関に提供しております。
世界各国の「市場・技術・法規制などの」実情を調査・収集される時には、データリソース社にご相談ください。
お客様の御要望にあったデータや情報を抽出する為のレポート紹介や調査のアドバイスも致します。



詳細検索

このレポートへのお問合せ

03-3582-2531

電話お問合せもお気軽に

 

2024/11/14 10:27

156.77 円

166.04 円

201.95 円

ページTOPに戻る