Summary

Vaccines train the immune system to recognize parts of pathogens (disease-causing agents such as viruses and bacteria) or their secreted components so that it can protect the body at the next encounter. In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is responsible for granting authorization (license) for use, based on an assessment of: vaccine safety and efficacy using the data generated through animal studies and clinical trials; manufacturing quality and evidence that the production process is under control. Vaccines are then manufactured at scale in licensed manufacturing facilities and distributed. Prior to deployment, the manufacturing and quality control record for every batch is reviewed by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) and, for some products; batches are subject to independent laboratory testing at NIBSC. The UK has a long history of excellence in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, and this expertise was leveraged to develop and manufacture vaccines in record time. One of the standout achievements was the rapid development and production of the AstraZeneca-Oxford and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines, which have been administered to millions of people both within the UK and around the world. The UK government also invested in expanding vaccine manufacturing capabilities, such as the Emergent BioSolutions plant in Livingston, Scotland, to ensure a stable supply of vaccines. This commitment to vaccine production has not only protected the health of the population but has also positioned the UK as a key player in the global fight against the pandemic.

According to the research report, “United Kingdom Vaccine Market Overview, 2028” published by Bonafide Research, the United Kingdom Vaccine market is expected to reach market size of more than USD 3.80 Billion by 2028. Recent years have seen a noteworthy rise in vaccine acceptability and awareness in the United Kingdom, which has had a positive impact on the nation's overall vaccine business. Strong public health campaigns, easier access to information via digital platforms, and a rising comprehension of the significance of immunization in avoiding the spread of infectious illnesses are just a few of the elements contributing to this current emphasis on vaccination. The UK's investment in research and development within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors has played a pivotal role in fostering innovation in vaccine development. The nation has been at the forefront of advancements in vaccine technology, including the development of mRNA vaccines, exemplified by its successful deployment of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

Vaccines are produced using different Technology, which includes Conjugate vaccines, Inactivated & Subunit vaccines, Live Attenuated vaccines, Recombinant vaccines, and Toxoid vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines are made up of a living virus or bacteria that have been modified through a process to weaken (attenuate) and reduce its virulence (disease-inducing ability). These wild viruses or bacteria are attenuated in a laboratory, usually by repeated culturing. Example of live attenuated viruses includes Live-attenuated Influenza (flu) vaccines (LAIV), Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR), Polio, Smallpox, Chickenpox, Yellow Fever, Japanese encephalitis, Shingles, Rotavirus. Live attenuated vaccines closely mimic natural infections, stimulating a robust immune response. This often leads to the development of long-lasting immunity. In many cases, a single dose or a few doses are sufficient to provide protection for a significant portion of an individual's life. Live attenuated vaccines are cost-effective because a single dose provides long-lasting protection. This reduces the need for frequent booster shots and associated healthcare costs. The live attenuated vaccines holds the market share of more than 23.5% in 2022. The usage of conjugated vaccines in infants has soared due to their effectiveness and safety profile. Infants are particularly vulnerable to infections, and conjugated vaccines provide a reliable means of safeguarding them against diseases like Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and others. These vaccines have revolutionized pediatric healthcare by significantly reducing the incidence of these diseases, thereby preventing countless hospitalizations and saving lives. The high demand for conjugated vaccines in the infant market can be attributed to the increased awareness among parents and healthcare providers about the importance of early immunization, advancements in vaccine technology, and robust vaccination programs implemented by governments and healthcare organizations.

Based on the Route of Administration of vaccine, the market is segmented into Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Administration, Oral Administration, and Others (Intradermal Administration, Nasal Administration, Intravenous Administration, Transdermal Patches, Oral-Mucosal Vaccines, Micro needle Patches, Jet Injectors, Intraperitoneal Administration, Intranasal Droplets, etc.). A recommended administration site and route are provided for each vaccine. The manufacturer's package insert for each vaccine contains this information. Altering the specified course may raise local adverse responses or diminish the effectiveness of the immunization. To maximize its efficacy and safety, each vaccination on the pharmaceutical market is meticulously created with a specific recommended delivery route and site. Over 90% of vaccines, or the majority of them, are normally given by intramuscular and subcutaneous routes. These routes are preferred because they deliver the vaccine to the body's immune system in a constant and dependable manner. Delivering the vaccine intramuscularly entails injecting it into a muscle, typically the vastus lateralis in the thigh or the deltoid in the upper arm. This route is commonly used for vaccines such as the flu shot and many childhood immunizations because it allows for the slow release of the vaccine into the bloodstream, ensuring a robust and long-lasting immune response. Subcutaneous injections, on the other hand, deliver the vaccine just beneath the skin's surface, often into the fatty tissue of the upper arm or thigh. This route is preferred for certain vaccines like the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine. It provides an effective means of vaccine delivery while minimizing discomfort for the recipient. While intramuscular and subcutaneous administrations dominate the vaccine market, other routes of administration, such as oral, nasal, and intradermal, also hold significant market share. Oral vaccines, like those for polio or rotavirus, offer convenience and ease of administration, particularly in large-scale vaccination campaigns. Nasal sprays, like the influenza nasal vaccine, provide a needle-free option. Intradermal injections, which target the skin's dermal layer, are used for certain vaccines like the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis.

According to the End-User of Vaccines, the market is segment into two categories: Pediatric Vaccines and Adult Vaccines. Immunity is the body’s way of preventing disease. Because a baby’s immune system is not fully developed at birth, babies face a greater risk of becoming infected and getting seriously ill. The utilization of pediatric vaccines significantly outpaces that of adult vaccines. Children typically receive a comprehensive series of vaccines from birth through adolescence as part of routine immunization schedules. These schedules are meticulously designed to protect children from a range of preventable diseases, including measles, mumps, rubella, polio, and more. This regularity in pediatric vaccination schedules results in a consistently high demand for these vaccines. Parental awareness and responsibility play a pivotal role in driving the usage of pediatric vaccines. Schools and childcare facilities have strict vaccination requirements, which further bolster the utilization of pediatric vaccines. These institutions mandate that children must be up-to-date on their vaccinations to attend, creating a compelling incentive for parents to adhere to vaccination schedules. German Health Minister Jens Spahn had put forward the proposal to encourage vaccinations and has suggested implementing fines of euro 2,500 and kindergarten bans on unvaccinated children. Vaccines for adults are a critical component of public health initiatives aimed at preventing the spread of infectious diseases and protecting individuals throughout their lives. While childhood vaccinations are well-established and widely recognized, adult vaccines are equally important but often overlooked. These vaccines are tailored to address the specific health needs and risks that adults face as they age. Common adult vaccines include those for influenza (the flu), pneumonia, shingles, and tetanus. Influenza vaccines are administered annually to combat seasonal flu strains, safeguarding adults and reducing the potential burden on healthcare systems. Pneumococcal vaccines are vital for preventing serious respiratory infections, particularly in older adults and those with underlying health conditions. Shingles vaccines help protect against the painful and debilitating shingles virus, which can affect individuals who had chickenpox earlier in life. Tetanus boosters are routinely recommended to maintain immunity against this potentially fatal bacterial infection. Additionally, vaccines such as the HPV vaccine and the hepatitis vaccines are recommended for adults, especially those who may have missed them during adolescence. Thus the use of vaccines, overall help the German market to grow significantly.

On the Basis of Disease Type, the number of usage of vaccines plays a vital role in the overall growth of the market. This is segmented into different type of disease including, Pneumococcal diseases, Cancer, Influenza, Rotavirus, Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (DTP), Human, Papilloma Virus (HPV), Shingles, Meningococcal diseases, Hepatitis, Varicella (Chicken Pox), Mumps, and others (Rabies, Dengue, Typhoid, Polio, Japanese Encephalitis, Rubella, Herpes Zoster, Tuberculosis, Yellow Fever, etc.). Pneumococcal infections can range from ear and sinus infections to pneumonia and bloodstream infections. Children at increased risk for pneumococcal disease include those younger than 2 years old. Adults 65 years or older people are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease. As the UK has a rapidly aging population, with a substantial proportion of elderly individuals. Older adults are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infections due to age-related weakening of the immune system and often have underlying health conditions that increase their vulnerability. Young children in United Kingdom are also at risk. This poses a risk to young children who may not have completed their vaccination schedules or have weaker immune systems. To address the high incidence rate of pneumococcal disease, United Kingdom has implemented vaccination programs targeting both children and the elderly. Therefore, the utilization of pneumococcal vaccines holds the largest market share around 13.4% in 2022. Cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide, including in United Kingdom. The burden of cancer is influenced by various factors, including an aging population and lifestyle factors such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of physical activity. In United Kingdom, like in many other countries, efforts were being made to improve cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment options. The development and utilization of cancer vaccines are ongoing areas of research, and their market share may vary depending on factors such as the type of cancer, the effectiveness of the vaccines, and regulatory approvals.

By the Type of Vaccines, the market is segmented into Multivalent and Monovalent Vaccines. To protect effectively, some vaccines require multiple antigens of one pathogen or different pathogen serotypes/serogroups in combination (multivalent or polyvalent vaccines). Multivalent vaccines and monovalent vaccines each hold distinct importance in the field of immunization, catering to different aspects of disease prevention. While multivalent vaccines are more commonly used in many vaccination programs, both types play crucial roles in safeguarding public health. Multivalent vaccines are designed to protect against multiple diseases or strains within a single vaccine shot. They offer the advantage of convenience, reducing the number of vaccinations individuals need to receive. Examples of widely used multivalent vaccines include those for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and the combination vaccines for various strains of influenza. These vaccines simplify vaccination schedules, improve compliance, and help control the spread of multiple diseases efficiently. On the other hand, monovalent vaccines are specifically tailored to protect against a single disease or pathogen. They are valuable when dealing with diseases where the pathogen exhibits significant variations, or when targeting a specific health threat, such as a new emerging infectious disease or a disease with a complex structure. Monovalent vaccines offer precision in immunization, ensuring focused protection against a particular threat. The choice between multivalent and monovalent vaccines depends on several factors, including the epidemiology of the disease, the population's susceptibility, and the availability of effective vaccines. Both types contribute to the success of vaccination programs and the reduction of disease burden. Multivalent vaccines provide broad protection, while monovalent vaccines offer tailored defense when needed.

Based on the Distributional channels of vaccines, the market is segmented into Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Institutional Sales, and Others (Specialized Clinics, Community Health Centers, Telemedicine and Online Pharmacies, Nonprofit Organizations, Government Distribution Programs, etc). It is critical to keep each vaccine at its proper storage temperature like most vaccines (all inactivated vaccines and live nasal spray influenza vaccine) must be stored between 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F), which is the recommended refrigerator temperature. Live varicella (chickenpox) and Zostavax (shingles) vaccines must be stored frozen between -50° to -15°C (-58° to +5°F). Vaccine storage standards in Germany were governed by regulations and guidelines set forth by the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI) and the Robert Koch Institute (RKI). Temperature monitoring devices, such as digital data loggers or thermometers, are used in vaccine storage units. Therefore such settings are highly maintained in the hospital pharmacies, thus its distribution from the hospital pharmacies holds the largest market share. A key improvement in public health is the expansion of vaccination availability in retail pharmacies. It improves accessibility, education, and convenience, which eventually results in higher vaccination rates and stronger community immunity against diseases that can be prevented. Given the growing importance of retail pharmacies in both healthcare delivery and public health activities, this trend is expected to continue.

Considered in this report:
• Geography: United kingdom
• Historic year: 2017
• Base year: 2022
• Estimated year: 2023
• Forecast year: 2028

Aspects covered in this report:
• United kingdom Vaccine Market with its value and forecast along with its segments
• Various drivers and challenges
• On-going trends and developments
• Top profiled companies
• Strategic recommendation

By Technology:
• Conjugate vaccines
• Inactivated & Subunit vaccines
• Live Attenuated vaccines
• Recombinant vaccines
• Toxoid vaccines

By Route of Administration:
• Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Administration
• Oral Administration
• Others (Intradermal Administration, Nasal Administration, Intravenous Administration, Transdermal Patches, Oral-Mucosal Vaccines, Microneedle Patches, Jet Injectors, Intraperitoneal Administration, Intranasal Droplets, etc.)

By End-User:
• Paediatric Vaccines
• Adult Vaccines

By End-User:
• Pneumococcal diseases
• Cancer
• Influenza
• Rotavirus
• Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (DTP)
• Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
• Shingles
• Meningococcal diseases
• Hepatitis
• Varicella (Chicken Pox)
• Mumps
• Others (Rabies, Dengue, Typhoid, Polio, Japanese Encephalitis, Rubella, Herpes Zoster, Tuberculosis, Yellow Fever, etc.)

By Type:
• Multivalent vaccines
• Monovalent vaccines

By Distribution Channel:
• Hospital Pharmacy
• Retail Pharmacy
• Institutional Sales
• Others (Specialized Clinics, Community Health Centers, Telemedicine and Online Pharmacies, Nonprofit Organizations, Government Distribution Programs, etc.)

The approach of the report:
This report consists of a combined approach of primary as well as secondary research. Initially, secondary research was used to get an understanding of the market and list out the companies that are present in the market. The secondary research consists of third-party sources such as press releases, and annual reports of companies, analyzing the government-generated reports and databases. After gathering the data from secondary sources primary research was conducted by making telephonic interviews with the leading players about how the market is functioning and then conducting trade calls with dealers and distributors of the market. Post this we have started doing primary calls to consumers by equally segmenting consumers into regional aspects, tier aspects, age groups, and gender. Once we have primary data with us we started verifying the details obtained from secondary sources.

Intended audience:
This report can be useful to industry consultants, manufacturers, suppliers, associations & organizations related to the Vaccine market, government bodies, and other stakeholders to align their market-centric strategies. In addition to marketing & presentations, it will also increase competitive knowledge about the industry.

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